Osteoarthritis
Victims of Intimate Violence: Laci Peterson and Minh Dang

Osteoarthritis refers to the form of arthritis affecting the joints of individuals, especially middle age and elderly members of the society (Walker, 2011). Osteoarthritis is known as 'OA' or wear and tear of the joints. Osteoarthritis is a joint disease or pathology affecting the entire joints, ligaments, linings of the joints, cartilage, and bones of the affected persons within the society. According to the survey of the medical conditions of the United States, approximately 27 million citizens are living with Osteoarthritis. This is the most common aspect or form of the joint diseases. It is one of the leading causes of disabilities in relation to the older people within the society.

The occurrence of the aspect of Osteoarthritis is diagnosed when the cartilage of the joints breaks down due to factors such as mechanical stress and biomedical alterations. These failures results in the…...

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References

Hunter DJ, Lo GH. (2009). The management of osteoarthritis: an overview and call to appropriate conservative treatment. Med Clin North Am.;93:127-43, xi.

Richmond J, Hunter D, Irrgang J, et al. (2009). Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

(nonarthroplasty). J Am Acad Orthop Surg.;17:591-600.

Walker, J. (2011). Management of Osteoarthritis. Nursing Older People, 23(9), 14-19.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis mostly affecting senior citizens progressively with age though trauma-induced osteoarthritis is also observed in younger people. Osteoarthritis occurs at the joints -- elbows, shoulders, knees and the digits of the hand. A projected 20 million people are in the United States are assumed to have osteoarthritis with about 50% of people over the age of 65 suffering, as evidenced by radiology studies. Osteoarthritis affects different people differently. In some cases, it progresses more rapidly than others. Researchers have not specifically identified the cause-effect circumstances for osteoarthritis; however, besides trauma, diet, weight, and work or activity related stress on the joints (long or short-term) are said to be contributory. (Hosie and Dickson 2000; Arthritic Foundation 2002)
The consequences of osteoarthritis are varied -- physical and psychological (Wildner and Sangha 1999). esides the financial costs and loss of wages due to disability, osteoarthritis takes its…...

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Bibliography

Arthritic Foundation. (2002). Osteoarthritis (OA). September 25, 2002  http://www.arthritis.org/conditions/DiseaseCenter/oa.asp 

Hammerman, D. (1989). "The biology of osteoarthritis." New England Journal of Medicine 320(20): 1322-30.

Hoaglund, F.T., A.C. Yau, et al. (1973). "Osteoarthritis of the hip and other joints in southern Chinese in Hong Kong." J. Bone Joint Surg Am 55(3): 545-57.

Hosie, G. And J. Dickson (2000). Managing Osteoarthritis in Primary Care. Malden, MA, Blackwell Science.

The higher prevalence of gout in elderly persons may also reflect an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, high rates of diuretic treatment for hypertension and congestive heart failure, and the use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (Miller, Ranatunga, and Francis, 2008).
Gout is managed in 3 stages: (1) treating the acute attack, (2) providing prophylaxis to prevent acute flares, and (3) lowering excess stores of urate to prevent flares of gouty arthritis and to prevent tissue deposition of urate crystals (Miller, Ranatunga, and Francis, 2008)..Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is generally not treated, but acute gout is treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and colchicine (Miller, Ranatunga, and Francis, 2008).

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals, causing people to have strange sensations and emotions, to behave strangely or to have violent…...

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Bibliography

Advances in treatment of epilepsy and related seizure disorders help improve quality of life (2007, June 4). Medical News Today.  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/72962.php 

Bankhead, C. (2008, September 30). Gout tracked to genes that affect urate levels. MedPage Today.  http://www.medpagetoday.com/Rheumatology/Arthritis/11122 

Epilepsy. MedLine Plus.  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/epilepsy.html 

Gout. WebMD.  http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/gout-topic-overview

(Osteoarthritis: The most common form, this disease affects 20.7 million Americans (usually over age 45).
Furthermore, if one takes into account that many of these disorders have been attributed to the way that the female body has been adversely manipulated in patriarchic society, then this can also be seen as a determining social factor that impacts women with osteoarthritis.

Psychological factors also play a role in this condition and can reduce the quality of life for the patient. As a study by Fujita et al. (2006) states, "…our study revealed several problems that have not been mentioned to date, such as an inferiority complex related to abnormal posture prior to THA and distress over body image after undergoing THA" (Fujita et al. 2006. p. 81). THA refers to total hip arthroplasty and OA to osteoarthritis.

In conjunction with this aspect is the real problem of coping with pain and disability that this…...

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Bibliography

Grotle M. et al.( 2008) Obesity and osteoarthritis in knee, hip and/or hand: An

epidemiological study in the general population with 10 years follow-up.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9. Retrieved from  http://web.ebscohost.com.rap.ocls.ca/ehost/pdf?vid=1&hid=2&sid=bc149326-393d-4722-9d5a-58b499765d5f%40sessionmgr10 

Bliddal, H. An d Christensen, R. ( 2006) the management of osteoarthritis in the obese patient: practical considerations and guidelines for therapy. Obesity Reviews, 7(4).; Retrieved from  http://web.ebscohost.com.rap.ocls.ca/ehost/pdf?vid=1&hid=2&sid=e1e70812-0211-4410-be8c-f26542b60d3a%40sessionmgr12

NR GrandroundsA 75-year old female has pain brought by osteoarthritis in her right knee. She reports tenderness over joint line, pain with activities, and feels like giving away or locking at times. She also complains of limited activity and passive range of motion on right knee.Case StudyThis condition is characterized by the progressive loss of joint cartilage, which is detected on x-ray as a narrowing of the joint space (Workman & Rebar, 2018). Additionally, as the cartilage tries to regenerate, reactive changes take place at joint margins and the subchondral bone in the form of osteophytes. Early OA is characterized by weak correlation between joint pain and synovitis.Criteria for DiagnosisOsteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease brought by joint dysfunction and is characterized by pain and limited range of motion (Kanamoto et al., 2020). It is the progressive joint weakening and loss of cartilage and bone.DefinitionThe diagnosis of this condition is…...

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References

Chinese Orthopaedic Association. (2010). Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. Orthopaedic Surgery, 2(1), 1-6.

Ignatavicius, D.D., Workman, M.L., & Rebar, C.R. (2018). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Kanamoto, T., Mae, T., Yokohama, T., Tanaka, H., Ebina, K. & Nakata, K. (2020). Significance and definition of early knee osteoarthritis. Annals of Joint, 5(4), 1-4.

Currently, osteoarthritis afflicts almost 1 out of 10 (9.6%) men and 2 out of 20 (18%) women aged 60 years and older (Woolf & Pfleger, 2003). As a result of increases in longevity, osteoarthritis is projected to become the fourth leading cause of disability by the year 2020 (Woolf & Pfleger, 2003). According to Brooks (2003), "Genetic factors determining the biochemical constituents of bone and cartilage may place individuals at an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Given the number of cell types in cartilage and bone, there is the potential for many genes to contribute to the predisposition to osteoarthritis" (p. 689). Genetic factors can also help protect people from being afflicted with osteoarthritis. For instance, Barazesh (2009) advises that, "Genes that make bones grow longer can form extra cartilage in joints, protecting them from the ravages of osteoarthritis" (p. 23).

By contrast, rheumatoid arthritis affects between 0.3-1.0% of the general population;…...

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References

Barazesh, S. (2009, May 9). The genetic dimension of height and health. Science News, 175(10),

22-25.

Brooks, P. (2003, September). Inflammation as an important feature of osteoarthritis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81(9), 689-673.

Lee, D-H & Steffes, M. (2007, June). Positive associations of serum concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls or organochlorine pesticides with self-reported arthritis, especially rheumatoid type, in women. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(6), 883-

Arthritis is considered as one of the major health conditions affecting a significant portion of the United States population. Even though the condition currently affects approximately 50 million adults in the country, it is not primarily an adulthood health condition. There are numerous cases of children suffering from arthritis, which implies that this condition is not uncommon among children. As a result of the prevalence of arthritis among children and adults, understanding the pathophysiology and symptoms of this condition has emerged as an important component in proper diagnosis and treatment. This paper examines the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in relation to the similarities and differences between the two conditions. The analysis includes a selection of two patient factors that could impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arthritis is an umbrella term that refers to different conditions involving inflammation of the joints…...

This is achieved through the increase of metabolic rates and lean body mass while eliminating excess fat and burning calories. hile the required amount of physical activity differs based on the caloric intake and body type, sports can assist an individual to maintain a healthy weight. For people who want to maintain a huge amount of weight loss, high-intensity sports can be the best option while reasonably-intensive physical activity helps in realizing weight stability.
ell-being of Muscles and Bones:

As previously mentioned, bone and muscle injuries are some of the most common health-related risks in sports participation. However, as an individual grows older, there is need for maintenance of the well-being of muscles and bones for proper body functioning. hen an individual takes into consideration the necessary precaution measures, sports and physical activity becomes increasingly for muscles, bones, and joints health. Participation in sports provides people with the required elements to…...

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Works Cited:

Bahr, Roald, and Lars Engebretsen. Sports Injury Prevention. Vol. 17. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Print.

Chambers, Abigail E.L., and Grant Cooper. "The Role of Sports and Activity in Osteoarthritis." Arthritis MD - Trusted Arthritis MD - Arthritis Information from Doctors Who Care. Arthritis MD. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .

Cohen, Bradley. "How Does Playing Sports Affect Your Health?" LIVESTRONG.COM - The Limitless Potential of You. Demand Media, Inc., 30 Mar. 2011. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .

Gotlin, Robert S. Sports Injuries Guidebook. Illustrated ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Print.

experts would likely agree with the very general statement that individuals who exercise, or who implement an exercise regime, are much more likely to lose weight and alleviate pain experienced from a variety of diseases and maladies. It would seem that much of the current literature would provide evidence of this hypothesis. This specific study, however, seeks to do more than just ascertain the results from such a general question. This study seeks to determine whether initiating an exercise regime for patients experiencing osteoarthritis can lower the level of the pain they are feeling and increase their mobility through adherence to that regime.
This study will, in essence then, take a two-pronged approach. The first is to determine whether patients with suffering from osteoarthritis can lower the level and incidence of pain they suffer by implementing a basic exercise regime. If so, this study wishes to determine just how much…...

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Works Cited

Barile, J.; Reeve, B.; Smith, A.; Zack, M.; Mitchell, S.; Kobau, R.; Cella, D.; Luncheon, C.; & Thompson, W.; (2013) Monitoring population health for healthy people 2020: evaluation of the NIH PROMIS GlobalHealth, CDC Healthy Days, and satisfaction with life instruments, Quality of Life Research, Vol. 22, Issue 6, pp. 1201 -- 1211

Cushing, C.C. And Steele, R.G. (2014). Evidence-based obesity management for primary care. Public Interest Directorate. American Psychological Association. Retreived from http://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/primary-care/obesity-management.aspx?item=1

Do, B., Hootman, D., Helmick, C.G., & Brady, T.J. (2011). Monitoring healthy people 2010 arthritis management objectives: education and clinician counseling for weight loss and exercise. American Family Medicine, 9(2), 136-141. doi: 10.1370/afm.1210 Retrieved  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403140 

Edwards, C., Rogers, A., Lynch, S., et al. (2012). The effects of bariatric surgery weight loss on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis, 2012, [Clinical Study].  http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/504189

esearchers believe that incorporating evidence-based prevention methods can decrease the incidence of ACL ruptures, but an understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of sports injury are a necessary to do this (Posthumus, 2009).
The highest prevalence of extrinsic ACL injuries tends to occur in organized sports especially adolescents participating in pivoting type sports such as football, basketball, and team handball (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In addition to any intrinsic factors and adolescent may have, or predisposing factors, environmental factors surrounding organized sports can also play a role in injury. For example, weather conditions (slippery surface), type of surface sport is played on (grass vs. pavement), proper footwear, and protective bracing (Posthumus, 2009).

A growing concern regarding these injuries and the populations that incur them is that these injuries increase the risk of osteoarthritis (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In fact, after ten years, around half of all people that have suffered from…...

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REFERENCES

Ageberg, E., Thombe, R., Neeter, C., Gravare Silbernagel, K., Roos, EM. Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Treated With Training and Surgical Reconstruction or Training Only: A Two to Five-Year Followup. Arthritis Care & Research. 2008; 59(12):1773-79.

Bahr, R., Krosshaug, T. Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br J. Sports Med. 2005; 39:324 -- 329.

Grindstaff, TL., Hammill, RR., Tuzson, AE., Hertel, J. Neuromuscular Control Training Programs and Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Rates in Female Athletes: A Numbers-Needed-to-Treat Analysis. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006; 41(4):450 -- 456.

Health Information Publications (2011). What is the anterior cruciate ligament? eHealthMD retrieved from  http://ehealthmd.com

health promotion strategies that can be implemented upon the predictive characteristics of the family.
My health promotion strategy program will center around a Cuban-American family called the Garcias whose primary health issues center on hypertension, and the need for greater information about the importance of establishing a healthy lifestyle. This includes the importance of screening, exercise, establishing healthy habits, and monitoring one's lifestyle. Several members of the family indicate stress and hypertension whilst the grandmother also has cardiac disease and osteoarthritis, but is resilient to receiving information on how to alleviate her symptoms. In a similar way, Angelo, an addicted smoker, refuses to stop smoking and to deal with his chronic cough and mild chest pain, stating that, as man of the family, he has to continue working his overwhelming hours. Gerardo, the son, being active homosexually, seems to be vulnerable to AIDS; it is unclear whether or not he…...

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References

Boswell, T.D. & Curtis, J.R. (1984) The Cuban-American Experience. Culture, Images and Perspectives. NJ: Rowman & Allanheld Publishers

Cuban Americans  http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr./Cuban-Americans.html

Arthritic conditions found within the joints of the body: their causes, treatment, current research, and what effect they have on athletic participation.
Types of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis

heumatoid Arthritis

Psoriatic Arthritis

Causes of Arthritis

Treatments Available

Current esearch

Arthritis and Athletic Activities

Learning Outcome

Arthritis is said to be the number one cause of disability in the United States, with more individuals disabled with arthritis than by both heart disease and strokes (Lewis 2000).

Arthritis is also a disease that is plagued with misunderstanding. The Center for Disease Control warns that it is these misunderstandings that result in the disease doing so much harm (Lewis 2000).

Some of the common misunderstandings involve recognizing that there are different types of arthritis and that arthritis is not only a disease of the aged. Arthritis is also often not taken seriously enough in its early stages, preventing individuals from seeking medical help that could prevent the disease from worsening.

There is also an important link between sports,…...

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References

AAOS: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2000). Arthritis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

The Arthritis & Glucosamine Resource Center. (2002). Treating and Preventing Sports Injuries & Secondary Arthritis.  http://www.arthritis-glucosamine.net/arthritis/sports-injuries-arthritis.html 

Arthritis Foundation. (2002). Progress and Opportunities in Rheumatoid Arthritis.  http://www.arthritis.org/research/research_program/RA/default.asp 

Lewis, C. (May-June 2000). Arthritis: Timely Treatments for an Ageless Disease. FDA Consumer, 34:3.

Weightloss Counseling and Physical Exercise
PHASE II Search Paper

Scholarly Project

Dana Delatush RN BSN ONC

"I pledge my honor that I have neither given nor received inappropriate aid on this assignment."

Abstract Comment by Patricia: Place the abstract on a separate page for your final search paper

This paper is focused on the literature search related to the PICOT question: Does weight loss counseling and physical exercise improve pain and mobility in obese patients with a BMI >25 suffering from osteoarthritis? To answer this clinical question, six databases were searched including the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied health Literature (CINAHL), The Cochrane Library, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, PsycInfo®, and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source™. The paper describes the search methodology. Keywords: osteoarthritis, obesity, weight loss counseling, pain, mobility

Introduction to Search Strategy

I will be creating a search strategy to help me clarify what information I need, and what keywords can be used to yield relevant…...

Synovial joints like the knee and hip are qualified by their possessing a liquid that serves as a lubricant; that liquid is called synovia or synovial fluid. The fluid is surrounded by the synovium, which is the soft connective tissue that holds the synovial fluid. Whereas the synovium is actually permeable to water, the synovial fluid is far more viscous. Furthermore, a synovial membrane generates the synovial fluid. The name synovia comes from the words syn (like) and ovium (egg), due to its thick, stringy consistency resembling that of egg white (Laptiou, 2014). With age, the synovial fluid may become thinner, leading to insufficient lubrication and symptoms such as reduced range of motion, painful movements, stiffness, and swelling. Other classes of tissue that comprise the synovial joint system include the bone and cartilage, as well as the surrounding tensile tissues and ligaments. (Lapitou, 2014). epair of synovial joints depends on…...

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References

Barry, F. & Murphy, M. (2013). Mesenchymal stem cells in joint disease and repair. Nature Reviews Rheumatology 9, 584-594.

Feingold, D. (2009). Joint reconstruction. Retrieved online:  http://www.davidfeingoldmd.com/joint_reconstruction.php 

Laptiou, D. (2014). Normal joint structure. Retrieved online: http://www.sportsmed-forum.com/index-1/st_pag_patients-home/sm_pag_normal-joint-structure/sm_pag_normal-muskel.htm

Pavlovich, R.I. (2008). Current concepts in synovial tissue of the knee joint. Orthopedics 31(2). Retrieved online:  http://www.healio.com/orthopedics/knee/journals/ortho/2008-2-31-2/%7B06da86cf-3ac6-4fe7-850f-1170c97e9403%7D/current-concepts-in-synovial-tissue-of-the-knee-joint

Evidence-Based Practice
The following is the assessment of AB case, a first time visitor to the writer. The assessment will include checking the pharmacologic treatment, reactions to the drugs in the medicines consumed, advisory healthcare practices and exercises, and non-pharmacologic treatment. More information to be provided if need be.

Patient Background

AB, an overweight, 52--?year -- ?old, Hispanic, male comes for the first visit to your office for assessment of complaints about tiredness, nocturia x 2 -- ?3, and finding it difficult to do the required paperwork in the office (Masters, 2014). He informs that he is reportedly having diabetes type 2 for about six years when he first experienced same feelings of fatigue and nocturia x 2 -- ?3. The patient informs he has attended infrequent classes on diabetes that emphasized on importance of physical activity and weight loss (Masters, 2014). His was accompanied by his wife to these classes and he…...

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References

  J., MD, FACC. (2014). Sleep Apnea Treatments. from Food and Drug Administration. (2013). Drug Interactions: What You Should Know. from  http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/ucm163354 http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea/sleep-apnea-treatmentsBeckerman ,

James Beckerman, M., FACC. (2013). An Overview of High Blood Pressure Treatment. from  http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/hypertension-treatment-overview 

Joel C. Marrs. (2010). Pharmacy Perspectives in Dyslipidemia Management. from  http://www.uspharmacist.com/USPExams/107084/PHS1005.pdf 

Lozanda, C., J, MD. (2014). Osteoarthritis Treatment & Management. from  http://emedicine.medscape.com /article/330487-treatment#aw2aab6b6b2

When it comes to knee osteoarthritis, the alignment and function of the foot can play a crucial role in the development and progression of the condition. Pronated foot posture, where the foot rolls inward and the arch flattens, is one of the common characteristics observed in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This foot posture can have a significant impact on the distribution of forces and loading patterns experienced by the knee joint, ultimately contributing to the degenerative changes seen in osteoarthritis.

One of the key features of a pronated foot in knee osteoarthritis patients is the altered biomechanics it creates during....

PEDOGRAPHIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PRONATED FOOT IN MEDIAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF GARHWAL REGION”: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

Introduction:

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage loss, osteophyte formation, and synovial inflammation. It is a leading cause of pain and disability, particularly in the elderly population. The etiology of knee OA is multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Pronation, an excessive inward rotation of the foot during gait, has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of medial knee OA. This study aims to investigate the pedographic and radiographic characteristics of....