Here, testing is an important component. Individuals and institutions who work with older people should implement regular testing procedures to ensure that they continually provide effective care services to the aging population. Such testing procedures should be targeted towards improvement and implementation on an organization-wide scale.
According to Niles-Yokum and Wagner (2011, p. 16), the targeted development and training for the gerontological workforce began as early as the 1970s, where the focus was mainly on researchers and educators in the subject are of gerontology. Today, this has developed to include special skills sets such as mental health interventions. There are also centers of excellence in gerontology to ensure the effective delivery of care services to the older population. This is an important implementation to ensure the quality of care for older people.

In terms of testing, these centers of excellence should be investigated for their scope and reach. If there is…...

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References

Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Eldercare Locator. Retrieved from:  http://www.eldercare.gov/Eldercare.NET/Public/Index.aspx 

NCMHA. (2012). Working to Promote Excellence in Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Primary Care Services to Older Adults Across America. National Coalition on Mental Health & Aging. Retrieved from: ncmha.org.

Niles-Yokum, K. And Wagner, D.L. (2011). The Aging Networks: A Guide to Programs and Services. Seventh Edition. Springer Publishing Company.

After all, the company rationalized that new menu items had always been a part of McDonald's innovative image, and keeping on the cutting edge of restaurant trends, as had been the case with the introduction of its innovative breakfast sandwich items like the Egg McMuffin in 1976 and Chicken McNuggets in 1980 ("McDonald's Case Study,"2008).
Effectiveness of the Decision-Making Process

One problem with initiating changes like the "Made for You" campaign in the fast food industry is that customers are not always cognizant that the changes have occurred, as they are not usually connoisseurs of the food, only apprehending vaguely a decline or improvement in quality. "It seems a little bit better," observed one consumer when prompted by a reporter, noting "the bacon looks like it's just been cooked." Another frequent McDonald's patron was more complementary: "it seems like the Quarter Pounder is juicier," declared Rosemary Frigo, a nurse from Downers…...

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Works Cited

Barett, Larry. "McBusted." Baseline. Jul 2, 2002. Jul 15, 2008  http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Projects-Supply-Chain/McDonalds-McBusted/ 

Buscemi, Eric. "McDonald's vs. Burger King: Battle of the Brands." Blogging Stocks. Apr 9, 2007. Jul 15, 2008. p:/ / www.bloggingstocks.com/2007/04/09/mcdonalds-vs.-burger-king-battle-of-the-brands/

Burger King." Official Website. Jul 15, 2008.  http://www.burgerking.com/bkglobal/ 

Canedy, Dana. "McDonald's burger war salvo: Is 'Made for You' the way folks want to have it?"

oganizational decision making best explains decision making in an ideal-Typical Webeian bueaucacy?
In a classical Webeian bueaucacy, decisions ae made in an impesonal manne. People mean vey little, in tems of the functionality of the oganization. Pocesses athe than people ae impotant. In a classical Webeian model, even when the pesonnel within the bueaucatic stuctue might change, the oganization would still emain equally efficient. Subodinates follow the diections of thei supeios, but technical qualifications, athe than favoitism detemines pomotions. This could be called 'bounded ationality,' o ationally opeating to achieve optimal outcomes within imposed constaints and the limited knowledge available.

'Following the ules' in a blind fashion can be disastous, if the ules ae not set up coectly. But in the Webeian model of ationality, given that the ules ae ational, legal, "eliable and clea" this "allows the subodinate moe independence and discetion" than would exist othewise ("Bueaucacy (Webe)," Babson College,…...

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references, options, and outcomes, the influence of competing interests can create very different perceptions of what is rational.

Of course, it should be noted that Weber merely stated that bureaucracies pursued the best possible courses of rational actions for themselves, not for the world as a whole. But even that cannot fully explain why some organizations take actions that are profitable in the short-term (such as selling subprime loans) and fail to rationally anticipate likely negative long-term consequences that will harm the organization and cause it to implode because of the likely fall-out. Furthermore, decision-makers may not have optimal knowledge of 'the rules' and imperfectly follow them, causing the organization to behave irrationally in the absence of sufficient constraints (like laws on the banking industry).

Reference

"Bureaucracy (Weber)." Babson College. [27 Jul 2012]

 http://faculty.babson.edu/krollag/org_site/encyclop/bureaucracy.html

Organizational Decision-Making: Situational/Contextual Frameworks Different contexts call for different leadership approaches. For this reason, Snowden and Boone (2007) emphasize the importance of recognizing the context at a specific time before deciding what action or decision to take. As a guide, the authors developed the Cynefin framework, which categorizes the issues that leaders face into four contexts defined by the nature of the cause-and-effect relationship: simple, complicated, complex, and chaotic. This text analyzes the applicability of different decision-making approaches in each the four contexts.
Applicability of Tools of Rational Economics
Rational economics is an economic theory that assumes that individuals will always make decisions that offer the highest possible level of utility given the choices available (Bruce, 2016). The cornerstone of rational economics is that individuals have perfect information about all available alternatives and their features (Bruce, 2016). Under rational decision-making, an individual identifies a problem, establishes decision criteria, generates alternatives, weighs alternatives, and…...

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References

Bruce, P. J. (2016). Understanding Decision-Making Processes in Airline Operations Control. New York, NY: Routledge.

Miner, J. B. (2007). Organizational Behavior 4: From Theory to Practice – Volume 4. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Snowden, D. J., & Boone, M. E. (2007). A Leader’s Framework for Decision-Making: A Leader’s Framework for Decision-Making. Harvard Business Review, 85(11), 68-76.

Steward, D., & Cavazos, R. (2019). Big Data Analytics in US Courts: Uses, Challenges, and Implications. New York, NY: Springer.

Still, MIT countered "Our mission statement talks about principled, innovative leaders and we take the principled part seriously." (AP ire, 2005)
Part II. The impact of technology on work-related stress

ork should be growing less stressful -- given the ubiquity telecommuting, and the increased swiftness and interconnectedness of technical innovation that connects the individual to the workplace via the Internet. (Olson, 2003) However, the easier it becomes to get 'connected' to work, quite often the more the stress of the workforce bleeds into the quality life of one's home and the higher the expectations demanded of conscientious employees.

Cite a specific example (from work, industry, media etc.) where technology played/will play a role in an organizations behavior

For example, the connective nature of work enabled by the Internet, specifically with high-speed connections such as broadband, and when complimented with wireless phones, video conferencing, and other technologies, have enabled some workers to be better…...

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Works Cited

AP Wire. (9 Mar 2005) "Harvard rejects those who saw Admissions." The New York Times. Retrieved 10 Mar 2005 at  http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/business/AP-Business-School-Hacker.html 

Olson, Elizabeth. (24 Aug 2003) Executive Life; at Home (of Course) With a Telecommuter." The New York Times. Retrieved 10 Mar 2005 at  http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60F1FF83F5D0C778EDDA10894DB404482

Organization Decision Making
Within an organization, there have to be many changes taking place at all times, without which the organization may stagnate and start to decline. These changes would have to be organization-wide, rather than small changes like changing the program, adding a new person, and so on. Some examples of organization-wide change are a change in the mission of the company, or a restructuring of operations, or maybe an addition of a new technology, or a merger, etc. In general organizational change is provoked by a need for accomplishing some preconceived goal, or it is caused by some outside force like for example, a need for cutting costs within the organization, or a need to increase declining productivity. Although it is a fact that organization wide change is difficult to accomplish, primarily for the reason that many people are afraid of change of any kind, even though it is…...

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References

Are You a Good Decision Maker? Retrieved From

Accessed on 14 July, 2005http://www.onlinewbc.gov/Docs/manage/decisions.html

Best Corporate Change Resources. Retrieved From

http://cor-ex.com/sites/bestchng/Sites/Change-Consultants.htm

Decision making is a term that can be described as the process of choosing between alternatives and entails identification, development, and selection. Based on academic literature decision making and analysis can be widely divided into two schools of thoughts i.e. analytic and experiential or incremental decision making processes (Sipp & Carayannis, 2013, p.18). The analytic school of thought on decision making and analysis primarily focuses on problem definition and identification, assessment and selection of alternatives. In this school of thought, implementation in the decision making process basically entails simple execution of the cautiously selected alternative. On the contrary, even though experiential or incremental school of thought incorporates the two major steps in decision making just like the other school of thought, it focuses more on the execution of the alternative. This school of thought on decision making also utilize feedback to make necessary adjustments to the selected alternative in order…...

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References

Barnard, M. & Stoll, N. (2010, October). Organizational Change Management: A Rapid Literature Review. Retrieved from Bristol Institute of Public Affairs website:  http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/cubec/migrated/documents/pr1.pdf 

Choi, M. & Ruona, W.E.A. (2011, March). Individual Readiness for Organizational Change and Its Implications for Human Resource and Organization Development. Human Resource Development Review, 10(1), 46-73.

Manuela, P.V. & Clara, M.F. (n.d.). Resistance to Change: A Literature Review and Empirical Study. Retrieved from University of Valencia website:  http://www.uv.es/~pardoman/resistencias.PDF 

Mykkanen, M. & Vos, M. (2015). The Contribution of Public Relations to Organizational Decision Making: Insights from the Literature. Public Relations Journal, 9(2), 1-17.

Working With a Dispersed Employee Base
Identify and explain the considerations you would take into account in developing a strategy for managing the remote employees in the case study.

There are a number potential issues to consider when managing remote employees. The consideration are based on control, motivation, and communication.

Control

Remote employees are not subject to the same level of direct observation and supervision as employees working the same office as their superiors. An important element within any organisation is the ability to develop, implement, and maintain specific performance standards and operating practices. Remote employees operate away from direct observation, and it is possible divergence from the predetermined standards/practices. Therefore, it is necessary for employers to trust the remote employees, as well as provide them with the relevant resources and support so they understand and can maintain relevant standards/practices. Furthermore, additional strategies may be implemented in order to gather feedback from customers in…...

Decision Making Model
Decision making is defined as the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives (Wikipedia, 2004). Effective decision making, however, is contingent on an individual or group's ability to select the course of action, which is most likely to result in goal or task accomplishment. In the business world, this is easier said than done since most decisions involve taking into consideration a myriad number of variables such as environmental factors, competitive activities, customer needs, internal goals and organizational constraints. Therefore, most organizations deem it advisable to use decision making support systems or models, which have been developed specifically to assist in the through analysis and evaluation of various alternative courses of action.

One such model is the Force Field Analysis. It is the objective of this paper to describe how the Force Field Analysis model helps weigh the pros and cons of any decision,…...

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References

Ashley, W.C., & Morrison, J.L. (1997, September -- October). Anticipatory Management:

Tools for Better Decision Making. The Futurist. Vol. 31:5, p. 47+ Retrieved Nov. 24, 2004: www.questia.com

Bauer, G.J., Baunchalk, M.S., Ingram, T.N., & Laforge, R.W. (1998). Emerging Trends in Sales Thought and Practice. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.

Bounds, G.M., & Stahl, M.J. (1991). Competing Globally through Customer Value: The

decision making tool.
Forced Field Analysis: a decision making tool

In business applications, health care, or private life there arise many occasions when one is faced with making a major decision. Although many individuals face such instances with their wits alone, relying on his or her "gut feelings" to assist them in their quandary, many find that such an unscientific approach can lead them to the wrong action. Indeed, when one lacks a basic "tool" approach to decision making, the odds of coming to the correct or workable solution is significantly reduced in most circumstances. Having a method such as the "Forced Field Analysis" tool is extremely useful.

In simple terms, Forced Field Analysis involves identifying, compiling a list concerning, discussing and evaluating the possible "forces" in favor of as well as against a possible change or decision. In essence, the technique helps the decision maker see the true context of the problem…...

In the case of Kava island issue, we shall reach the decision in the following manner.
White Hat / Hat #1:

This is where a person needs to consider all the available data on the issue at hand. For example we know that Kava is a land of richness. It is a place with multiple possibilities because it has a sizeable young population, is rich in petroleum, coffee, sugar and other such important items. It has people from diverse backgrounds who add to the richness of its culture and almost 15 languages are spoken in this area. But at the same time, the country is plagued with numerous problems including ever-increasing cases of HIV.

Red Hat / Hat #2:

This is where a person needs to focus on intuition. Intuitively for example we can say that Kava can be seen as a great tourist destination if developed properly. Nik's firm can invest in…...

The dominant, goal-oriented person can focus on the ultimate objective, the influence-based person can examine the interpersonal dynamics of the decisions that must be made, the steady person can foster harmony and a positive atmosphere, and the conscientious person can stay on task in a reliable fashion. hile clashing personalities can thwart reaching positive and goal-directed solutions, they can create a better solution and check the excesses of one another, like the selfishness and refusal to consider the human element in the dominant personality, the disorganization of the influence-based person, the risk-adverse views of the steady person, and the rule-bound contentious type. Communication can be facilitated through email and other constant types of technological contact on a daily basis -- this can create better group bonding, although there is always a risk that the brevity and informality of the format can create rather than break down barriers.
Modern decision-making theory,…...

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Works Cited

DISC: Explanations and preferences. (2005). Changing minds. Retrieved August 20, 2009.

 http://changingminds.org/explanations/preferences/disc.htm

Not even the most brilliant, ethical, and rational person has the ability to research every conceivable implication and alternative before making every decision in life.
Group decision-making is another method of decision-making, where the decision is often arrived at by consensus or committee, such as coming to a decision as to where to take a family vacation. The decision is often time-consuming, because ideally it must please everyone, although quite often no one is fully pleased (Petress, 2002). Multiple levels of irrationality are injected into the process, even if the 'team leader' (the parents who are paying for the vacation) have the final veto. To make the group decision-making process more efficient, often a vote is taken at the end of the discussion if the effort is supposed to be democratic. It can be superior to individual decision-making in that individuals can point out when group members are being irrational,…...

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Works Cited

Baker, G. (2004). "Decision Making." University of Florida. Retrieved 20 Oct 2007 at  http://www.unf.edu/~gbaker/Man6204/Decision.PDF 

Levitt, Barbara & Clifford Nass. (Jun 1989) "The lid on the garbage can: institutional constraints on decision making in the technical core of college-text publishers." Administrative Science Quarterly. Retrieved 20 Oct 2007 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4035/is_n2_v34/ai_7376934 

Petress, Ken. (2002). "An alternative model for decision-making." Journal of Instructional Psychology. Retrieved 20 Oct 2007 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCG/is_3_29/ai_91707794/pg_1 

Williams, Tim. (Mar 2004). "Setting Impossible Standards."

Decision Making
Decision-making

Scenario

Anderson Children's Hospital (ACH) is an internationally known and recognized pediatric hospital that provides the full range of services from primary to critical care units, located in San Francisco, CA with affiliated care centers throughout the Bay Area. The board of directors at ACH would like to create a mobile-crisis program to be piloted in the City of San Francisco and eventually grow to service the entire Bay Area. The following sections present the process through which the Board of Directors is trying to navigate towards its final decision.

Core question

At the core of the following proposal is this 2-part question: Should ACH create a mobile crisis program to be piloted in the City of San Francisco for (up to) one year with the intent of expanding its funding, personnel, and service area over the next 3-5 years throughout the entire Bay Area and if so, what does the process…...

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References

Liese, Friedrich and Miescke, Klaus-J. (2008). Statistical Decision Theory: Estimation, Testing, and Selection. Springer.

Bernardo, JE & Smith, Adrian (2000). Bayesian theory. New York: Wiley.

Ahrens, J., & Dieter, U. (1982). Computer Generation of Poisson Deviates. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 8 (2): 163 -- 179.

Decision Making
Barnes and Noble Inc. is one of the most successful bookstores in the world. The company operates throughout the United States and boasts roomy inviting stores. In addition to books, the company also sells DVDs and music. The company operates both brick and mortar stores and it is also the largest internet bookstore. Furthermore, Barnes & Noble, Inc. is a Fortune 500 company and the largest bookseller in the world. In addition, "The company is a leading content, commerce and technology company that provides customers easy and convenient access to books, magazines, newspapers and other content across its multi-channel distribution platform. As of January 29, 2011, the company operates 705 retail bookstores in regional shopping malls, major strip centers and freestanding locations in 50 states, and 636 college bookstores serving nearly 4 million students and faculty members at colleges and universities across the United States (For Investors)." The purpose…...

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Works Cited

Barnes & Noble Annual Report 2010. Retrieved from;  http://www.barnesandnobleinc.com/documents/bn_annual_report_2010.pdf 

Corporate Governance Guidelines. Retrieved from;  http://www.barnesandnobleinc.com/for_investors/governance/Corporate_Governance_Guidelines/Corporate_Governance_Guidelines.html 

For Investors. Retrieved from;  http://www.barnesandnobleinc.com/for_investors/for_investors.html 

Forman C., Ghose, A., Goldfarb, A. (2009) Between Local and Electronic Markets: How the Benefit of Buying Online Depends on Where You Live. 55(1)