Part of the reason this chain of command was both so complex and so ambiguous -- many officers involved in the operation later expressed confusion as to exactly who reported to whom, and where commands were originating -- was that General Frank of CENTCOM had strictly limited the amount of forward deployed command staff and resources he wanted moved to the Shahikot Valley (Grossman 2004; Lambeth 2005). Even without this forward deployed command, however, clearer and better publicized chains of command issuing directly from CENTCOM could have been created, or a single forward deployed coordinating and command unit could have been established. Both alternatives would have been more effective than the command system that was put into place, however haphazardly and unbeknownst to many officers even after the fact.
Given the number of foreign powers attempting to rest control of the area away from stabilizing forces, General Frank's restraint is…...
mlaReferences
Lambeth, Benjamin S. Air Power Against Terror: America's Conduct of Operation Enduring Freedom. Chapter Five. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2005.
Grossman, Elaine. Was Operation Anaconda ill-fated from the start? Inside the Pentagon. (July 29, 2004): http://di.net/grossman/army_analyst_blames.htm .
Appraisal of Operation Anaconda
Kugler (2007) states that Operation Anaconda was the first large-scale battle to be carried out as part of Operation Enduring Freedom, which incorporated joint efforts between Special Forces and multinational partners. These forces worked together in Shahi Kot Vallley in Afghanistan in 2002. The battle took place in a rugged mountainous terrain with extremely complex circumstances for the soldiers. In addition to the complex terrain, the soldiers also experienced numerous challenges that contributed to the failure of the mission. Since then, Operation Anaconda has been used to provide significant lessons in the military. Based on Operation Anaconda case study, this paper appraises the battle using the six principles of mission command. Through these principals, the paper provides insights on what could have contributed to the failure of Operation Anaconda.
Analysis of Operation Anaconda Using the Six Principles
Military commanders have traditionally used variations of two basic concepts of command…...
Case Study: Operation AnacondaThe U.S. military initiated operation Anaconda to vacate the enemy, Al Qaeda, and Taliban, from Shahikot valley in Afghanistan in March 2002 (Kugler, 2007). The launch was planned with a complex approach that involved the hammer and anvil technique for eliminating the enemy from Afghani land. The mission was considered the U.S. army killed a success as hundreds of enemy fighters whereas only 50 U.S. army men were injured and a mere eight men were killed. Much credit was given to the deployment of joint operations and modern information networks utilized for this mission. However, this paper aims at analytically analyzing the seven principles of mission command pertinent to Operation Anaconda.The seven principles of mission command inculcate mutual trust, shared understanding, mission orders, commanders intent, disciplined initiative, competence, and risk acceptance (Nilsson, 2020). The first principle, mutual trust, is the foundational principle for building a team that…...
mlaReferences
Kugler, R. (2007). Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan: A case study of adaptation on battle. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA463075.pdf
Nilsson, N. (2020). Practicing mission command for future battlefield challenges: The case of the Swedish army. Defense Studies, 20(4), 436-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2020.1828870
Patryk, M.D. (2017). Mission command principles in the battle of Chipyong-Ni. Safety and Defense, 3(1), 37-40. https://doi.org/10.37105/sd.23
Pruitt, B.K. (2017). Principles of mission command applied to civil-military relationships. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command, and General Staff College. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1039897.pdf
Summary
Joint functions or warfighting functions are the tasks that systems that are used by commanders to accomplish missions and objectives. Systems refer to people, organizations, processes, and information. There are six warfighting functions namely mission command, movement and maneuver, intelligence, fires, sustainment, and protection. These functions are mostly used to reinforce and complement each other. While each function has its own role to play it cannot be used in isolation of the others. The operation Anaconda demonstrates how each of the functions was used to support each other in order to accomplish the mission. The success of the operation was mainly due to the commanders recognizing and acting on the information received (Fleri, Howard, Hukill, & Searle, 2003). Without reinforcements from the other functions, it would not have been possible for the operation to succeed.
The paper analyzes the 6-warfighting functions and offers information on how it reinforces and complements the…...
Operation Anaconda and the Six Principles of Mission CommandIntroductionMission command is defined in the Army Doctrine Publication 6-0 as the exercise of authority and direction by thecommanderusing missionorders to enable disciplined initiative within thecommander\\\'sintent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations (McBride & Snell, 2017). To achieve this objective, six principles of mission command serve as guiding lightsand are: 1) establishing mutual trust to develop cohesion in the team, 2) creating a sense of shared understanding, 3) providing clarity on the commanders intention for the mission, 4) bringing discipline to the initiative, 5) applying mission orders, and 6) accepting prudent risk (Hutchings, 2018). In brief, mutual trust, shared understanding, clarity of purpose, disciplined initiative, mission orders, and prudent risk are the pillars of mission command. This paper will explain how the six principles of mission command were used during Operation Anaconda, which General Franks…...
mlaReferencesHutchings, P. (2018). The Philosophy of Mission Command and the NCO Corps. Retrieved from R. L. (2007). Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan: a case study of adaptation in battle. NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY.Lambeth, Benjamin. (2005). Airpower Against Terror America’s Conduct of Enduring Freedom.Lang, K. (2019). US Department of Defense. Medal of Honor Monday: Navy Master Chief Britt Slabinski. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/Explore/Features/Story/Article/1736210/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-master-chief-britt-slabinski/ McBride, D. & Snell, R. (2017). Applying mission command to overcome challenges. Retrieved from https://www.army.mil/article/179942/applying_mission_command_to_overcome_challenges Mission Command. (2012). Army Doctrine Publication 6-0 [ADP] .Sharpe, J. & Creviston, T. (2013). Understanding mission command. Retrieved from https://www.army.mil/article/106872/understanding_mission_commandhttps://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/NCO-Journal/Archives/2018/February/Philosophy-of-Mission-Command/Kugler,
Union achieve victory in these years?
The way that Union was able to achieve victory between 1863 and 1865 was: through a war of attrition, dividing the Confederacy along with taking the fight to the heart of the South. A war of attrition would take place, once Grant was given command of all Union forces. Where, he would continue to pursue Lee in game of cat and mouse. What happened was Grant's processor; (McClellan) was reluctant to engage Lee, as he was waiting for the right moment. This would allow Lee to continue to escape a number of near defeats. Once Grant became the Supreme Commander of all Union forces, he would not make the same mistake that McClellan would, by pursing Lee until he would no longer have the will to fight. This meant that Grant would have to engage Lee in bloody battles, whittling his army down to…...
mlaBibliography
Civil War. Encyclopedia, 2005. Web. 31 Oct. 2010
North Carolina and the American Civil War. Tripod, n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2010
Hickman, Kennedy. "American Civil War." About, 2010. Web. 31 Oct. 2010.
The decisive moment in the Virginia theater came down to this: on the first day of the ilderness, the new commander Grant stood behind the line and met Union troops that had been routed. Rather than ordering them to return to ashington as McClellan might have, admitting defeat, he merely sent them back down a transverse road to attack at another point. All that was left was a battle of attrition which the South could never hope to win.
Ambrose Bierce was one of the leading American literary figures of his generation, approaching the rank of his contemporary, Mark Twain. He was the only first class author to fight in the Civil ar and to write extensively about it in both fiction and non-fiction genres. He enlisted as a private a few days after Fort Sumter fell and served until wounded in early 1865, reaching the rank of major. Decorated…...
mlaWorks Cited
Bierce, Ambrose. n. d. "The Nature of War," in Russell Duncan and David J. Klooster, eds. 2002. Phantoms of a Blood-Stained period: the Complete Civil War Writings of Ambrose Bierce. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 309-10.
Elmer Ellsworth and the Zouave Craze. 2000. (Accessed Apr. 26, 2008).http://192.220.64.117/craze.html
Famous American Duels. 2005. (Accessed Apr. 26, 2008).http://www.law.gwu.edu/Burns/rarebooks/exhibits/duel_american.htm
Keegan, John. 1987. The Mask of Command. New York: Viking.
International egulation of Tourism in Antarctica
Since the mid-1980s, Antarctica has been an increasingly popular tourist destination, despite the relative danger of visiting the largest, least explored -- and arguably least understood -- continent on earth. Beginning with the 1959 treaty establishing Antarctica as an international zone free of claims of sovereignty by nation's that had been instrumental in establishing research stations there, there has been almost constant negotiation about how to administer regulations pertaining to the preservation of life forms on the continent, what those regulations should be, and what sanctions should be applied and by whom.
To understand the depths of the negotiations, and the potential for discord, it is necessary to understand what the continent offer the 65% of global nations that are party to the 1959 and all subsequent treaties. To understand the possible future of Antarctica, it is necessary to outline treaty attempts to minimize commercial interests…...
mlaReferences
Antarctica. Siyabona Africa Web site. Retrieved September 28, 2004 at http://balule.krugerpark.co.za/africa_antarctica.html
Chile Web site. Retrieved September 17, 2004 at http://www.visit-chile.org/antartica/antartica.phtml
Australia urges regulation as tourism to Antarctica escalates. (2004, March 24) Agence France Presse English. Retrieved September 14, 2004 at http://www.highbeam.com .
Bulgaria in Antarctica. Retrieved September 15, 2004 at http://www.bluelink.net/antarctic/ant_en/BGant.htm
ehavioral Finance and Human Interaction a Study of the Decision-Making
Processes Impacting Financial Markets
Understanding the Stock Market
Contrasting Financial Theories
Flaws of the Efficient Market Hypothesis
Financial ubbles and Chaos
The stock market's dominant theory, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been greatly criticized recently for its failure to account for human errors, heuristic bias, use of misinformation, psychological tendencies, in determining future expected performance and obtainable profits.
Existing evidence indicates that past confidence in the EMH may have been misdirected, as the theory's models do not show a thorough understanding of trading operations in a realistic light.
Researchers have suggested that a variety of anomalies and inconsistent historical results demand that traditional financial theories, namely the EMH, be reconstructed to include human interaction as a key decision-making process that directly affects the performance of financial markets.
This research paper aims to determine whether or not there is a need for a refined financial model that incorporates the…...
mlaBibliography
Barrett, Larry. (January, 2001). Emotional investing a recipe for disaster. CNET News.com.
Bernstein, Peter. (1998). Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Brennan, Phil. (March 12, 2002) The Great Stock Market Scam. NewsMax.com.
Business Week. (September 29, 1997) The Perils of Investing Too Close to Home.
Free grazers were the ones that utilized this land in order to feed their cattle throughout the way to the cattle markets which were located in Kansas. Many of the settlers were inspired to bring some kind of settlement to this area by the government which in no time started making aggressions among the grazers and settlers. The grazers were not fond of them at all due to them taking away the grasslands and then putting up fences made of barbwire which in return restricted where the cattle would be able to roam. Therefore, the grazers would cut graze and fence upon the terrestrial of the colonist. These actions would then guide to a person shooting another individual for some crime they did. Since there was no state to rule, the ruling was taken up by local vigilante crowds.
Section 3
At the set of the revolutionary ar the Army had…...
mlaWorks Cited
Allan R. Millett, Peter Maslowski, and William B. Feis. For the Common Defense. New York: Free Press, 2012.
Ash, Stephen V. When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861-1865. New York: Univ. Of North Carolina Press, 1999.
Mark Clodfelter. The Limits of Air Power: The American Bombing of North Vietnam. New York: Univ. Of Nebraska Press,, 2006.
Piehler, John Whiteclay Chambers & G. Kurt. Major Problems in American Military History. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
Operation Anaconda was, at the time, the largest combat operation in Afghanistan as part of the War on Terrorism that was declared after the 9-11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. It was launched on March 2, 2002. Major General F.L. Hagenback, the commander of the U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division, was responsible for leading an offensive attack on al-Qaeda and Taliban forces that were located in the Shahi-Kot Valley/ Arma Mountain region near Zormat in Afghanistan. It was the first major battle after the Battle of Tora Bora and was the first battle to feature American....
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now