Obesity and Its Consequences
Obesity and its Prevalence Trends

Final esearch Paper: Obesity and Health Problems

Obesity has significantly become an issue in the current century, which requires great intervention of the entire society. The research of this proposal aims at analyzing the situations related to obesity including; its causes, the effects it has on individual health, the manner in which it causes illnesses and related diseases and recommendations for easing the spread of obesity to the global arena. There has to be immediate interrogation of the obesity cases, to determine the best way in which problem could be controlled. The research concerning the obesity was done by consulting websites on healthcare, online databases that had journal research papers on obesity and other internet sources that are all referenced in the last page of the paper. The research done had a positive conclusion, as there was a possibility of controlling obesity by adopting…...

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References

Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D. & Ogden, C.L. (2010). Prevalence and Trends in Obesity among U.S. Adults, 1999-2008. JAMA, 303(3), 235-241.

Crawford, D., Jeffery, R.W., Kylie, B. & Brug, J. (2011). Obesity Epidemiology: from aetiology to public health. Oxford University Press, 1(1), 1.

Stegelin, D.A. (2008). Children, Teachers, and Families Working Together to Prevent Childhood Obesity: Intervention Strategies. Dimensions of Early Childhood, 36(1), 8-15.

Khan, L.K., Sobush, K., Keener, D. & Goodman, K. (2009). Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States. Recommendation and Reports, 58(7), 1-29.

Obese
Obesity is the health disorder in which there is excess proportion of total body fat. An individual is an obese when his or her weight is approximately twenty or more percent above the normal weight. Scientist uses body mass index (BMI) as the common measure for obesity as the health disorder. Obesity affects the development of human beings. If the weight of an individual is between 25 and 30 in relation to BMI, the individual comes out as overweight. Any rating of BMI that is above the approximation of 30 qualifies an individual as obese. hen an individual weighs either 50 or 100% over the normal weight, scientist categorizes the condition as morbid obesity. This degree of obesity indicates that the individual has more than 100 pounds extra weight (40 BMI and above). This condition might interfere with the health or normal functioning of the body of the victim.

There are…...

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Works Cited

Youfa Wang, et al. "Race, Place, And Obesity: The Complex Relationships Among Community Racial/Ethnic Composition, Individual Race/Ethnicity, And Obesity In The United States." American Journal Of Public Health 102.8 (2012): 1572-1578. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 29 Aug. 2012.

Stewart, Laura. "Managing And Preventing Obesity In Infants." Practice Nursing 23.4 (2012): 200-203. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 29 Aug. 2012.

Ahima, Rexford S. "Digging Deeper Into Obesity." The Journal Of Clinical Investigation 121.6 (2011): 2076-2079. MEDLINE with Full Text. Web. 29 Aug. 2012.

Avery, Amanda. "Managing Obesity in Young Adults." Practice Nursing 23.6 (2012): 291-294. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 29 Aug. 2012.

Obesity Hispanic Population
Obesity means more than just being overweight. It should not be taken for granted because it is a medical condition in which the extra fat of the body accumulates at different sites and causes negative effects on the health of the person (Haslam and James, 2005). This leads to various health problems and thus reduces the quality of life and expectancy. When the body mass index, commonly referred to as MI in medical terms, of a person becomes greater than 30 kg/m2, he or she is labeled as obese (WHO, 2009).

Although the incidence of obesity is increasing the world over, in this paper we shall consider the trends that have currently been observed in the Hispanic population in America regarding the health problems related to obesity and obesity as a health problem itself.

According to a WHO report, among Mexican women in America, 78% of them have been labeled…...

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Bibliography:

CDC (2012). Health United States, 2011. Table 74.

Flegal, K.M., Harlan, W.R. & Landis, J.R. (1988). Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult men. Am J. Clin Nutr, 48(3):544-51.

Haslam, D.W. & James, W.P. (2005). "Obesity." Lancet 366 (9492): 1197 -- 209.

Journal Study on Health affairs: Health Affairs, published by Project HOPE, is a bimonthly journal devoted to publishing the leading edge in health policy thought and research.

Therefore, England appears to take the cautious route of employing alternative measures until such time as specific long-term results become evident in the other countries' projects.
The U.K. government's public health policy has been trying to counteract obesity by means of implementing a set of initiatives designed to inform people about the downside of what being overweight and obese involves, and also monitor the average weight of different populations over time. Apart from that, in order to contend with "obesogenic environments" (Colls & Evans, 2010), a series of measures has also been enacted in relation to improving eating habits and enhancing physical activity in targeted communities. For instance, there is the attempt to improve the quality and content of school dinners portrayed in the Channel 4 program series named Jamie's School Dinners, and other national awareness campaigns, such as NHS' Change4Life, which avidly encourages families to eat adequately and take…...

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References

Banning, Maggi. Obesity: Pathophysiology and Treatment. (July 2005) the Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, Vol. 125, No. 4.

Colls, R.; Evans, B. Challenging Assumptions: Re-Thinking 'The Obesity Problem'. (Summer 2010) Geography, Vol. 95.

Efrat, M.W., Efrat, R. Tax Policy and the Obesity Epidemic. (Summer 2012) Journal of Law and Health, Vol. 25, No. 2.

Nicholls, S.G., Gwozdz, W., Reisch, L.A.; Voigt, K. Fiscal Food Policy: Equity and Practice. (July 2011) Perspectives in Public Health, Vol. 131, No. 4.

Obesity
The Problem of Obesity

The problem of obesity is important because it affects roughly a third of all adults in the United States (Flegal, 2010, p. 235). Between 30% and 35% of American men and women are believed to be obese in according to the latest study by Flegel, Caroll, et al. (2010). This alarming news indicates that obesity is truly a problem of epidemic proportions. Because obesity does not merely affect one's appearance, it is necessary to understand the problem in all its manifestations. There are a number of health concerns that surround obesity. For example, it is believed to increase one's chances of developing diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure. Excess weight can also be a factor in the decline of one's mobility. From changing one's diet to changing one's lifestyle, there are many ways to fight obesity -- yet, obesity rates continue to rise in the United…...

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Reference List

Bray, G.A. (2013). Why Do We Need Drugs to Treat the Patient with Obesity?

Obesity, 21(5): 893-899.

Burmeister, J.M. (2013). Weight Bias in Graduate School Admissions. Obesity, 21(5):

918-920.

Current United States Strategies to Solve the Obesity Problems

The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity (1991) explained many strategies that can be used to solve the issues of obesity

. These strategies together were called CAE, which means Communication, Action, esearch and Evaluation.

The purpose of these strategies is to focus on giving physical education to all school classes, improving the options of food at the campuses and including low fat and low calorie items at the school events. They also suggest having more vegetables, fruits, non-fat, dairy products and whole grain items at these occasions. CAE strategies also emphasize that facilities should be provided to all the people for physical activity, everywhere, even at the work sites.

This plan further focuses that people of United States must reduce their television watching timings and should also change their behvaiour towards the obese people. esearch on biological and…...

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References

Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Ogden, C., et al. (2010). Prevalence and trends in U.S. obesity among adults, 1999 -- 2008.

Krugmen, P & Wells, R. (2006) .Macroeconomics, Princeton University, Worth Publishers.

Mankiw, G,. (2012). Principles of Macroeconomics. South Western Cengage Learning, 2012, 6th Edition, Printed in USA

Must a, Spadano J, Coakley EH, Field AE, Colditz GA, Dietz WH. (1999). The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. 282(16):1523-29.

Obesity Prevalence
Obesity is a contributing factor to various chronic diseases in the contemporary society. It is a global problem that affects close to 300 million people all over the world. A third of the population in the United States is obese. Obesity is often associated with an increase in the cost of healthcare; a reduction in quality of life as well as an increase in the risk of premature death. Obesity prevalence is increasing in both developing and developed nations. In the United States obesity prevalence is on a record high. This is a serious problem as it can be a predisposing factor of diseases like diabetes, cancers, and diseases of the heart. The paper will look at obesity among African-Americans in NYC. It will also look at the etiology and epidemiology of obesity (acette, Deusinger & Deusinger, 2012).I t will further look at whether or not obesity affects specific…...

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References

Centre for Disease Control, (2012). Obesity Prevalence Among Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children -- New York City and Los Angeles County, 2003 -- 2011.Retrieved April 22, 2013 from  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6202a1.htm 

Department for health, (2013). Obesity Statistics and the Impact of Obesity. Retrieved April 22, 2013 from  http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/obesity/statistics_and_impact/ 

Hollis J., (2012).Obesity rates highest among African -- American Women. Retrieved April 22,2013 from  http://atlantablackstar.com/2012/12/10/obesity-rates-highest-among-african-american-women/ 

Racette S., Deusinger S. & Deusinger, R., (2012). Obesity: Overview of Prevalence, Etiology, and Treatment. Retrieved April 22, 2013 from  http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/83/3/276.long

Obesity and Disability
Overweight and obesity are labels for a wide range of weight that is greater than what is considered healthy for a particular weight. This term also identifies a range of weight that are indicators of the likelihood of development of certain diseases and health problems. Obesity affects different people in different ways and therefore may increase risk of health conditions among people. Obesity is involved with metabolic syndrome at times refereed to as obesity syndrome that involves the enlargement of waist circumference, resistance of insulin, high triglyceride levels and high blood pressure.

For an individual with obesity to qualify as being disabled by social security or SSI disability they need to have more than just a diagnosis of this metabolic syndrome or even diabetes. The obesity has to have caused lot o damage through cardiovascular disease or has to have limited the mobility or an individual's functional ability. The…...

Obesity and Health Problems
The Solution, First eason

To ensure that the approach adopted in the management of obesity is workable and to avoid the adoption of a potentially discriminatory position against those who prefer a bigger body size; obesity should be classified as a contributing factor to ill health rather than a disease. Those branding obesity a disease can be seen as trying to solve a prevailing problem using the wrong approach. In seeking to classify obesity as a disease, they hope the condition will attract the attention it deserves via insurance and/or enhanced governmental health financing. While the intention in this case is noble, the approach remains untenable in the long-term. McKnight (2006, p.72) points out that it is highly possible that unnecessary focus is being "placed on the impact of medication and not lifestyle changes…" Branding obesity a disease will effectively increase the number of those seeking "treatment" for…...

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References

Crawford, D., Jeffery, R.W., Ball, K. & Brug, J. (Eds.). (2010). Obesity Epidemiology: From Aetiology to Public Health (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dalton, S. (2005). Our Overweight Children: What Parents, Schools And Communities Can Do to Control the Fatness Epidemic. Berkeley: University of California Press.

McKnight, T.L. (2006). Obesity Management in Family Practice. New York: Springer.

Obesity has become a health concern for American households. In as much as pundits would argue that obesity is an issue in many industrialized countries, the American rates call for attention as it ranks as the highest in the world. America is ranked as having the second highest rate of obesity after Mexico. In the early 1960s, the average American adult male weighed 168 pounds. Today, he weighs nearly 180 pounds. Very pertinent questions should be asked about such revelations. Is it the habits that have changed or the types of food that people consume that have changed? Over the same time period, the average female adult weight rose from 143 pounds to over 155 pounds (Cutler, Glaeser & Shapiro, 2003). In the early 1970s, 14% of the population was classified as medically obese. Weights of adults and children alike were also on the upward trend throughout the twentieth century.…...

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References List

Cutler, D.M., Glaeser, E.L., & Shapiro, J.M. (2003). Why Have Americans Become More

Obese? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(3), 93-118.

Rauh, S. (2013). Is Fat the New Normal? Retrieved from  http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/is-fat-the-new-normal 

Sifferlin, A. (Feb. 22, 2013). Americans Are Eating Fewer Calories, So Why Are We Still

Obesity in Santa Barbara County
We usually think of pandemics as serious diseases that have the potential to hurt thousands if not millions of people through disease. Ironically, a 21st century pandemic is that many in the developed world, through a combination of a sedentary lifestyle, a high-fat diet, and sugary drinks, become obese to the point in which it having a serious negative affect on their health. There is no disagreement in the literature about the link between our overall health concerns and what we eat and drink. Billboards, television, movies and the Internet all sell us a combination of fast and quick foods and diet aids (Fumento, 1998).

On June 22, 2010, President Obama issued an Executive Order to promote fitness in the schools and workplace and has proclaimed May as "National Physical Fitness and Sports Month." The Executive Order states a presidential request that "Americans work toward meeting the…...

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REFERENCES

A Brief History of Santa Maria. (2011). Retrieved from: http://www.ci.santa-maria.ca.us/history.html

Obesity Related Statistics in America. (2008, June). Retrieved from Get America Fit: http://www.getamericafit.org/statistics-obesity-in-america.html

Unhealthy America. (2006, September 1). Retrieved from The New Economist:  http://neweconomist.blogs.com/new_economist/2006/09/unhealthy_ameri.html 

Center for Disease Control. (2011). Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults Between 1985

Obesity Education
Community healthy living lesson plan

Main concepts

The community members will come to know what constitutes healthy and unhealthy snacks. They will also figure out why many people are addicted to unhealthy snacks that often lead to obesity and what alternatives could be introduced in their homes in place of the unhealthy snacks.

To be able to sort out the unhealthy snacks from the unhealthy ones as well as telling why they are considered unhealthy.

To be able to find alternatives to the unhealthy snacks as a group or community members.

Key Terms

Calories: the unit used to measure the value that the food holds in terms of the energy.

Nutrition: the valuable nutrients that the body gets.

Healthy living: the habit of eating the right foods within the community

Junk food: foods high in fats, calories, sugar and sodium yet very low in nutritional value.

Obesity: overweight or too fat for comfort of the individual.

Time schedule

One hour educational…...

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Resources

Racette S., Deusinger S. & Deusinger, R., (2012). Obesity: Overview of Prevalence, Etiology, and Treatment. Retrieved September 29, 2013 from  http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/83/3/276.long 

Red Ashram, (2013). Obesity & Fast Food. Retrieved September 29, 2013 from  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IUQoh_wuMQ

Obesity in America: A rhetorical analysis of three articles
According to The Journal of Economic Perspective as well as many popular news articles -- and the Centers for Disease Control -- Americans are getting fatter. Cutler, Glaeser & Shapiro (2003) begin their analysis of the subject with the stark image of the average American man and woman: "in the early 1960s, the average American adult male weighed 168 pounds. Today, he weighs nearly 180 pounds. Over the same time period, the average female adult weight rose from 143 pounds to over 155 pounds"( Cutler, Glaeser & Shapiro 2003: 92). Medical rates of obesity have doubled. The Journal seeks to determine the real reasons for this climb, which has profound consequences for the economy as well as individuals.

Although all nations have experienced a rise in obesity, America's rise has been particularly precipitous, they note. The authors propose what could be called 'the…...

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References

Cutler, D, Glaeser, E, & Shapiro, J. (2003). Why have Americans become more obese? Journal

of Economic Perspective 17 (3): 93 -- 118. Retrieved from:

 http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/jesse.shapiro/research/obesity.pdf 

Pollan, M. (2009). Out of the kitchen, onto the couch. The New York Times Magazine.

Obesity
Healthy People 2020 and Obesity among children in California

The obesity epidemic has extensive implications for our public health, both as a state and as a nation. Unfortunately, this epidemic is not limited to adults. To the contrary, the number of children in California who are clinically obese has been on a steady rise as well. According to the U.S. Department of Human Health Services, between 1994 and 2010, "the obesity rate among children and adolescents age 2 to 19 increased by 69% from 10.0% to 16.9%."

This trend means that the future generations of California will be increasingly susceptible to hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and stroke. This in turn dictates a negative pattern for our collective public health interests. This is one imperative underlying the Healthy People 2020 website maintained by the United States Department of Health, as well as the associated Healthy People 2020-page maintained by the California Department of…...

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Works Cited:

California Department of Public Health (CDPH). (2012). Healthy People 2020. CDPH.ca.gov.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). (2012). Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity. Healthypeople.gov

The quality of the food brought into the home can increase caloric intake. For example, calorie-dense foods such as regular milk, sugar sweetened beverages, high-fat foods, and fast foods are potential sources of excess caloric intake. Family food preparation practices such as the use of cream, butter, or high-fat cheeses in recipes can be another source of excess caloric intake. An individual's physical activity is also an important factor in the development of obesity (Malnor, 2006).
Impact of Obesity on Society

Evidence of the considerable costs of obesity to individuals and society is rich. At the individual level, obesity is associated with health care costs that average about 30% above those for normal weight individuals. Overall, obesity-related direct and indirect economic costs exceed $100 billion annually, and the number is expected to grow. "In relative terms, obesity accounts for six percent to 10% of U.S. health care spending, compared with two…...

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Bibliography

Blackburn, G., & Walker, W. (2005). Science-based solutions to obesity: what are the roles of academia, government, industry, and health care? American journal of clinical nutrition, 259-261.

Blackwell Publishing. (2007, August 2). Rise of obesity exacerbated by 'social multiplier' effects. Retrieved April 16, 2009, from Science daily:  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070801112150.htm 

Cawley, J., Olson, C., & Wilkins, J. (2008). Obesity research in the college. Human ecology (peer-reviewed), 19.

Economic impact of obesity. (2008). Retrieved April 16, 2009, from Yale univeristy Rudd center:  http://www.yaleruddcenter.org/what_we_do.aspx?id=82

1. A diet or lifestyle related disease is one that is brought about specifically because of the type of diet the person has or the lifestyle he or she chooses to live. 2. Obesity causes many health issues. The most common are sleep apnea, type II diabetes, and heart disease. 3. Obesity is linked to both diet and lifestyle. Someone who overeats and also does not exercise can become obese over time. 4. In society, obesity causes higher health care costs, "fat shaming," and discomfort for many people because of a lack of ability to accommodate larger-sized people (think airplane and bus seats,....

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Many people have suggested reasons that obesity remains prevalent in Salford, UK.  The low level of adult physical activity is believed to be the primary cause, but it is important to recognize that childhood obesity is also a factor in Salford.  In addition, one must compare other health measures in Salford to the rest of the UK to get a full picture.  In general, Salford is simply less healthy than the English average, with higher rates of adult smoking, smoking-related deaths, alcohol-related hospital stays, mental health conditions, dementia, and learning disabilities.  This seems to be directly linked to issues....

Much has been made of the possible relationship between obesity and gut bacteria. Rather than the simplistic view of obesity that once posited that obesity was always simply a matter of consuming too many calories or being too sedentary, modern research has revealed that a number of factors contribute to obesity. This has helped lead to epidemic levels of obesity, which has a domino effect on other health issues.  Determining which factors help influence obesity is one of the keys to fighting this epidemic. Gut bacteria is one of these factors. 

The human....