If children are more socially active, then the child obesity can be controlled.

If food additives and artificial flavors are controlled, then child obesity can decrease.

Methodology:

The methodology that will be adopted for this research report will consist of two types:

1. Primary Sources: Primary data of this research will be collected through books.

2. Secondary Sources: Internet websites and scholarly articles will be used as secondary source in obtaining data for this research report.

Preliminary findings

The initial findings of this research are as follows:

The trend of parents and schools providing empty calories in the form of junk foods and carbohydrate rich foods are a major contributor of weight gain in kids.

Lack of physical activities of children usually because of working parents

An aggressive publicity campaign by the fast food restaurants and their incentive of giving toys and other gifts to the children upon buying food products is also a very important factor in increasing obesity…...

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References

Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity, Health in the Balance. USA: The National Academies Press.

Kiess, W. (2004). Obesity in childhood and adolescence. Switzerland: Karger Publishers.

National Research Council, & Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2001). Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health. Washington DC, USA: The National Academies Press.

Poskitt.E, & Edmunds.L. (2008). Management of Childhood Obesity. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.

Participants will be recruited with announcements in local newspapers and school newsletters. Flyers are posted in the nurse's offices and in the clinic. esponse cards will be given to parents who indicate an interest in participating in the study. See the participation invitation -- Appendix 1.
Materials

Once enrolled, participants will answer a series of questions related to food choices, influences, physical activities and food and beverage advertisements. The first measure will involve showing the children a set of distinct images. The children will then be asked 1) what company the image belongs to; 2) what they feel about that company; 3) if the images make them feel good/bad/nothing; 4) if they enjoy the food; 5) how they feel after eating the food; and, 6) what their parents think of the type of food or company. The following 15 images are examples of popular logos. These 15 will be used as…...

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References

Caprio, Sonia. (2006). Treating child obesity and associated medical conditions. The Future of Children,16(1), 209+. Gale Group.

Darwin, David. (2009). Advertising obesity: Can the U.S. follow the lead of the UK in limiting television marketing of unhealthy foods to children? Vanderbilt journal of transnational law,42(1), 317+. Gale Cengage Learning.

Enz, C., & Lundberg, C. (1993). A Framework for student case preparation. Case Research Journal,13, 134.

Evans, W. Douglas. (2008). Social marketing campaigns and children's media use. The Future of Children,18(1), 181+. Gale Cengage Learning.

This is an area that receives little attention, but it promises to be fruitful if attention is given to it. The health practitioner will combine attempts to reach this group with administrative policy and in combination; there will be a moderation of the problem at school.
The popular kids at school set the norms of the schools and influence the values within the school. The popular kids are generally not the ones who are obese they may make fun at obese children. An awareness program that allows popular children to observe the impact of their taunts and other unkind comments on their peers may strike within their hearts a desire to become part of the solution rather than the problem. When combined with an administrative approach that encourages more exercise that is physical and coupled with a school climate of support for eating healthy food. This strategy will create changes…...

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References

Anderson, Patricia M. And Butcher Kristin F. (2006). Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential

Causes the Future of Children, 16: (1): 19-45.

CDC Fact Sheet: Foods and Beverages Sold Outside of the School Meal Programs.

Crosnoe Robert & Muller Chandra (2004) Body Mass Index, Academic Achievement, and School Context: Examining the Educational Experiences of Adolescents at Risk of Obesity. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45 (4):393-407.

This association between education, socioeconomic level and obesity has not yet been fully explored, and may be false, since rates of obesity are increasing in high and middle income groups as well.
Medical issues may lead to weight gain, and must be considered in the differential. Conditions such as hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome are often associated with weight gain. Lack of knowledge surrounding the condition may also contribute to rates of obesity. In a recent study published in American Family Physician (2007), Americans were surveyed asking to report approximate height and weight, which was then used to calculate BMI. esponses showed 20% of Americans were obese and 38% were overweight. Since this study is based on self-report, it is quite possible that there is an even higher degree of obesity, since many people underreport their weight. These figures certainly differ from objective data gained from the Centers…...

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References

International Obesity Task Force (2007) Global Rates of Obesity, 2006. Accessed on the Internet on 14 October 2007 at  http://www.iotf.org/database/GlobalAdultTableJune07.htm 

Davidson M, Knafl KA. (2006) Cultural Analysis on the concept of Obesity. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 3, 342-350

No Author Listed. (2007) Poll Shows Americans Underestimate Obesity Problem. American Family Physician. 2; 15-16.

Katz DL, O'Connell M, Yeh MC, Nawaz H, Nijke V, Anderson LM, Cory S, Dietz W. (2007) Public Health Strategies for Preventing and Controlling Overweight and Obesity in School and Worksite Settings MMWR,

The key to this program's success is changing the way the citizens approach their daily lives, without changing the traditions and practices that are unique to the community.
Teaching children how to cope with this unique conundrum will be difficult but could be the most successful approach in the long run. If the program is successful in slowing down the rate of obesity found in the younger citizens, then it could have longer lasting effects than the same program instituted with older citizens. One study showed that obese children are much more susceptible to diseases, especially diabetes than adults are with the same body mass index.

The study concluded that, "After stratification age and body mass index (BMI) the risk ratio for diabetes in Anti-HCV+ participants increased when age decreased and body mass index levels increased" (ang, ang, Yao, Chang, Chou, 2007, p. 202). Diabetes is currently a non-curable disease and…...

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Works Cited

Bell, a., (2006) the kids are not OK, National Underwriter (Life & Health/Financial Services Edition), Vol. 110, no. 36, p. 41

Callaway, L.K., McIntyre, H.D., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., Najman, J.M., Lawlor, D.A., (2007) the association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with weight gain over the subsequent 21 years: Findings from a prospective cohort study, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 166, Number 4, pp. 421-428

Confessore, N., Farmer, a., (2006) "In Borough Park, the unusual taste of fear." The New York Post, May 10, 2006, pg. B.3

Cooke, R., (2006) When normal is not necessarily good, New Statesman, Vol. 135, Number 9, p. 135

The evidences presented in this regard explain how different studies and research support that obesity can have profound deteriorating psychological effects as well as health effects on children. The changing eating lifestyles leading to increased consumption of fast foods and sodas have contributed greatly in doing so however; children and parents cannot control obesity if it is genetically engineered. Genetics play a role in the bodily structure. If children are obese due to their genetic constitution, reduced consumption of food cannot help however, physical activities such as exercises have greatly shown results in maintaining their weight. Preventive measures can be taken on a broad level to reduce the spread of obesity among children. In this regard, schools can be helpful to plan a balanced diet for children. At lunch, sodas must be banned and replaced with fruit juices or clean water so that children get accustomed to drinking healthy…...

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References

Akhtar-Danesh, N. (2004). Childhood obesity, prevalence and prevention. Nutrition Journal, 4-24.

Bagchi, D. (2010). Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity. London: Academic.

Butcher, P.M. (2006). Childhood Obesity. The future of Children, 3-18.

Cassell, D.K., & Gleaves, DH (2006). The Encyclopedia of Obesity and Eating Disorders. New York: Facts on File.

Childhood Obesity and Its Affects on Self-Esteem, Learning and Development
Childhood obesity has reached alarming proportions in developed nations of the world and its prevalence is continuously rising from 1971. In the Scandinavian countries, childhood obesity is less than compared to the Mediterranean countries; yet, the amount of obese children is increasing in both cases. Even though the highest rates of childhood obesity have been seen in developed countries, and at the same time, obesity is increasing in developing countries as well. Childhood obesity is at increased levels in the Middle East and Central and Eastern Europe as well. As an example, in 1998, The World Health Organization project assessing of cardiovascular diseases had showed that Iran was one among the seven countries, which had the highest rates of childhood obesity. (Dehghan; Akhtar-Danesh; Merchant, 2005, p. 1485)

In UK, observations state that there has been a noticeable enhancement in obesity levels, and…...

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References

Abell, Steven C; Richards, Maryse H. 1996. The relationship between body shape satisfaction and self-esteem: an investigation of gender and class differences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Vol: 25; No: 1; pp: 61-64

Boyles, Salynn; Smith, Michael. 2003. Mental Illness Common in Childhood Obesity; Defiance, Depression Cited in Study. April, 7. WebMD Medical News. Retrieved October 17, 2005, from the World Wide Web:

 http://my.webmd.com/content/article/63/71937.htm?z=1728_00000_1000_ln_03 

Bullying and Overweight and Obese Children. Retrieved October 18, 2005, from the World Wide Web:  http://kidshealth.org/research/bullying_overweight.html

childhood obesity and its correlation to social-economic background. he researchers argued that attention to childhood obesity focuses on genetic and environmental factors, and there is the increasingly prevalent belief that pediatric obesity may be a combination of both. Environmental factors can limit obesity but what -- the researchers wondered - stimulated the influencing environmental factors
Previous study: What has the previous study found out?

A previous study that the researchers had conducted stipulated three prime factors that were environmentally responsible for obesity. hese were: low weekly levels of moderate physical exercise, high levels of daily television viewing, and routine participation in a school lunch program.

Hypothesis:

he hypothesis of this study was that certain socio-economic backgrounds were more conducive for introducing these factors than were others in that -- and this was their hypothesis - median household income influenced nutrition and recreational activities.

Investigation of this suggestion was the purpose of this article.

4. Methodology:…...

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The correlation may be there but it pertains just to Massachusetts and indicates correlation rather than causality.

Source

Eagle, T. et al. (2012). Understanding childhood obesity in America: Linkages between household income, community resources, and children's behaviors. The American Heart Journal, 163, 816-837.

Obesity in Children Birth to 18 Years-of-Age From Lower Socio-Economic Status Compared to Children Birth to 18 Years-of-Age From Upper and Middle Socio-Economic Status? Research Proposal
Research indicates that children from lower socio-economic status are more likely than children from higher socio-economic status to develop childhood obesity, which makes these children more likely to develop health problems later in life. For this reason, childhood obesity is a significant problem. The research proposed in this study is one that recommends that this issue be examined in a research study.

The Prevalence of Obesity in Children Birth to 18 Years-Of-Age From Lower Socio-Economic Status Compared to Children Birth to 18 Years-Of-Age From Upper and Middle Socio-Economic Status?

Research Proposal

Introduction

There is a great dearth of research that indicates that children from lower socio-economic households have a greater risk of developing obesity during their childhood than children from middle and upper socio-economic households. (Gibbs and Forste,…...

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Works Cited

Cecil, JE, et al. (2005) Childhood Obesity and Socioeconomic Status: A Novel Role for Height Growth Limitation. International Journal of Obesity. 29. Retrieved from:  http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v29/n10/full/0803055a.html 

Gearhart, R., Gruber, DM, and Vanata, DF (2008) Obesity in the Lower Socio-Economic Status Segments of American Society. Forum on Public Policy. Retrieved from:  http://forumonpublicpolicy.com/archivespring08/gearhart.pdf 

Gibbs, BG and Forste, R (2013) Socioeconomic Status, Infant Feeding Practices, and Early Childhood Obesity. Princeton University. Educational Papers 130233. Retrieved from:  http://paa2013.princeton.edu/papers/130233 

Ogden, CL, et al. (2009) Obesity and Socioeconomic Status in Children and Adolescents: United States, 2005-2008. NCHS Data Brief. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from:  http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db51.htm

health issue of obesity is gaining attention from diverse groups in society nowadays. For some years now, the many cases of health problems resulting from obesity have been the focus of research and studies of many scientists from different countries. Today, due to the increasing percentage of obese people in many nations, obesity research is among the major programs considered by health service groups and governments.
Obesity is a health problem that refers to excess fats in the body resulting to being overweight. Usually, obesity is caused by improper diet. Some critical illnesses that toll life are associated with obesity. Studies have shown that being obese causes an individual to lose a few years from his life expectancy.

Currently, countless of health articles, news, and journals regarding obesity are disseminated to bring attention to the public about its consequences. ecause of this, questions have been raised if such exposure of issues…...

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Bibliography

Curtis, Tom. Glasgow and Edinburgh Named UK's Fattest Cities.

News Scotsman. 07 June 2003.  http://www.news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?id=288892003&tid=677 

Josling, Leanne. Obesity: A Curable Epidemic.

World Socialist Web Site. 05 June 2003.  http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/apr2000/obes-a29.shtml

Should the first solution be called upon, it will be limited by the fact that the public may rebel, failing to re-elect those senators and congressmen who are in favor of the legislation. Indeed, the Supreme Court may even find some of the more extreme forms of legislation unconstitutional. The second solution, however, is limited by time and the fact that it could lead to the ridiculing of obese students who already suffer from low self-esteem. However, the limitations facing the second solution, or education in order to change culture are less far-reaching than the limitations of legislation. Educational programs could quickly be implemented both in schools and in adult learning centers that focus on whole wellness, including emotional wellness, and that instruct students that obesity is a disease, not unlike cancer or diabetes, conditions that one would never find amusing or laughable. Further, through education, the problem of…...

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References

Centers for Disease Control. (2009, July 24). U.S. Obesity Trends. Retrieved August 7,

2009, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web Site:  http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html#State 

Frankenfiled, G. (2000, Jan. 14). Obesity Plus Low Self-Esteem May Lead to Risky

Behavior in Teens. Retrieved August 7, 2009, from WebMD:  http://www.webmd.com/news/20000114/obesity-plus-low-self-esteem-may-lead-risky-behavior-teens

Child Overweight or Obese?
A study performed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1977 reported that approximately seven percent of children in the United States were overweight. A similar study done in 2000 reports that twelve to fourteen percent of children aged six to nineteen are considered overweight. While this number may seem insignificant, what it really means is that one out of every eight children in the United States are obese while another one in five are overweight. This same study goes on to say that overall about fifty percent of Americans are overweight/obese, equating to approximately ninety seven million people in the entire country. This number is increasing every year at an alarming rate. The health risks which are associated with obesity and being overweight is a significant cause for concern because in the United States alone, the number of deaths attributed to obesity is approximately…...

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Bibliography

www.weightlossmd.com/parentingand child obesity.com http://www.geocities.com/nutriflip/Diseases/obesity.htmlhttp://members.iglou/dgruth/childobesity.html

 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=58057&tocid=Oquery=obesity&ct= 

 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?cu=114994&tcoid=35918&query=obesity&ct

Childhood Obesity
Obesity in Americans has been a topic of debate over the last decade. Americans are among the most obese people in the world. Obesity causes a variety of health problems that cost American billions each year. In recent years there has also been an increase in obesity in children. The purpose of this discussion is to investigate obesity in children. The discussion will focus on poor eating habits and lack of exercise as the primary causes of obesity in children. The paper will also focus on ways to prevent childhood obesity.

Obesity in Children

According to an article found in Childhood Education there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in children over the past few decades. The article reports that the increase in obesity has occurred over all ethnic, racial, gender and age groups (Hoot & Lynn-Garbe). In addition nearly 10% of children from the ages of 2 to 6…...

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REFERENCES

Childhood Obesity. American Obesity Association. 27 October 2005 http://www.obesity.org/subs/childhood/prevention.shtml

Department of Education. 2004. Carol M. White Physical Education Program

Grunbaum, J.A., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Ross, J., Lowry, R., et al.. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance -- United States, 2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53(SS-2), (2004) 1-95.

Irwin, Carol C., Cynthia W. Symons, and Dianne L. Kerr. "The Dilemmas of Obesity: How Can Physical Educators Help?." JOPERD -- The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 74.6 (2003): 33+.

Specifically, the objection is that govenment has a legitimate inteest in potecting individuals in society fom one anothe and may egulate o estict choice fo that eason in many ways. Howeve, thee is a cucial distinction between egulating behavio fo the public good and doing so as extensively fo the good of the individual. Accoding to that view, the choice to consume iesponsible quantities of fast food is, howeve inadvisable, stictly a pivate matte of individual choice in which govenment authoities have absolutely no business intefeing (Balko, 20__).
In geneal, it is difficult to ovecome the objections expessed by Balko, at least with espect to competent adults who pay fo thei own medical cae diectly o though health insuance. Howeve, Zinczenko's concens may pevail ove the competing inteests of pesonal choice and autonomy with espect to two classes of people: (1) adults making nutitional choices fo mino childen, and (2)…...

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references for satisfying foods (Orbach, 20__). There is substantial empirical literature detailing the manner in which obesity is sometimes a consequence of unconscious impulses, particularly in relation to maintaining emotional distance from others or of reacting to specific threats, such as in connection with long-term post traumatic responses to sexual violation. In other instances, obesity may be largely a function of a defensive (pre-emptive or reactive) response to social vulnerability or rejection (Orbach, 20__).

Even more fundamentally, standards and perceptions of body type and composition are intimately connected to social values and norms pertaining to attractiveness and sexual desirability (Orbach, 20__). Furthermore, those perceptions take on greater significance by virtue of their place within the power differential and the dynamics of gender superiority in society. At the simplest level, males enjoy much greater leeway with respect to deviating from the supposed ideal male physical prototype whereas females have considerably more difficulty avoiding serious consequences of being overweight completely outside of any health-related issues or concerns (Orbach, 20__).

Conclusion

As between the two different concerns of human health and the autonomy of the individual, the latter interest is more important than the former, at least as regards independent adults. However, even adults may rightfully relinquish certain autonomous rights as conditions of eligibility for public resources, at least with respect to choices that increase their reliance on those resources. Likewise, the rights of parents are rightfully less autonomous when it comes to choices that affect their minor children. Ultimately, issues of nutritional choices and obesity may involve much deeper concepts than human physical health. They may also represent important issues in connection with personal psychological impulses, social constructs about definitions of physical attractiveness, and even inter-gender relationships in society.

Government Health Initiatives:
Obesity and public health

Given the rise in obesity rates in the United States, prioritizing reducing the prevalence of this illness has become a critical cornerstone of many federal, state, and local health agencies. Because the federal government encompasses the USDA and the FDA which set health and safety standards for the foods consumed in the U.S. As well as offer nutritional guidelines, the federal government can exert a profound influence upon consumption habits. The government has also overseen a number of anti-obesity campaigns. First Lady Michelle Obama's "Let's Move" initiative is perhaps the most notable of these: it focuses on increasing physical activity and improving the diet of America's children. "esearch indicated that kids needed less sugar, salt and fat in their diets, so we revamped school lunch menus accordingly. When data showed that the lack of nearby grocery stores negatively affected people's eating habits, we worked to…...

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References

Conflict of interest in USDA nutrition guidelines, doctors say. (2011). IBTimes

Retrieved from:  http://www.ibtimes.com/conflict-interest-usda-nutrition-guidelines-doctors-say-364426 

Lohr, K. (2014). Controversy swirls around harsh anti-obesity ads. NPR.

Retrieved from:  http://www.npr.org/2012/01/09/144799538/controversy-swirls-around-harsh-anti-obesity-ads