Nursing Ethics
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, medical technology has advanced enough to provide certain measures to keep the body "alive," but not necessarily the brain or the cognitive functions that make up quality of life (O'Keefe-McCarthy, 2009). Despite the fact that death is a cyclical part of life, humans still have a very difficult time dealing with issues surrounding terminal illness: hospice, do not resuscitate, costs for survival, euthanasia, and conversations about end of life planning. For the modern Nurse leader, the core of the philosophical and psychological debate seems to focus on two viewpoints. One believes that the individual has control over their body and the decisions surrounding their quality of life. he other view takes on a more moral and religious stance, believing that life is divinely created and that nurses and doctors, in particular, have society's trust and the responsibility to preserve life at…...

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The nursing argument is really an argument-based ethical issue involving several aspects of medical ethics: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. From a care perspective, nursing can be considered a situationally positive of negative form of appropriate nursing care. Ironically, nursing responsibilities are used in both the pro- and con- arguments. The additional critical issue is that there is no exact answer to the issue -- no complete moral or legal answer that covers every situation and every individual. Legally, the nurse is bound by the overall rules of the State and Nation; nursing ethics may come into the picture, but not if they cause a nurse to break the law (Quaghebeur, et al., 2009).

A Code of Ethics is in place so that professionals have a clear and unambiguous way to help make decisions. With the six fundamental principles of ethics combined with the principles of informatics ethics, we find that there is a duty that is expected of the nurse to provide privacy, openness, security, and support the patient's wishes. In this sense, ethics and legality do not mesh. In the case of euthanasia, for instance, a patient may have the appropriate documentation legally signed (no intrusive measures, etc.), and the nurse must be responsible for maintaining those wishes and keeping the records private. They also have the moral duty of allowing the individual the moral right to choose what is best for them as an extension of the basis on national rights. For the nurse, every Code of Ethics says that suffering and lengthy pain are not moral. Making it easier for the patient to be comfortable when there is no hope for recover is kinder than heroic medical measures that may prolong pain and suffering (IMIA; Information for Research on Euthanasia, 2009).

This is certainly a quandary for legal scholars, moral philosophers, healthcare professionals, and anyone who has a loved one in an untenable terminal and painful, condition. We then have the trend in medical ethics in the 21st century that not seems to focus on deontology more than utilitarianism (the means are more important than the results). But, the combination of care and virtue ethics also means that besides medical ethics, we must also look at the overall benefit to society. Within medical ethics, healthcare

Nursing Ethics
Ethical Dilemma

Ethics

Identify the potential ethical dilemma

A nurse accused of stealing. She is a good nurse but cannot be allowed to continue stealing and breaking the law while she is performing her duties.

Collect, analyze, and interpret data

Nurses must protect clients' well-being, even while they strive to support other nurses. The case study is presented in such a manner which suggests that the nurse manager is fairly certain, given the evidence she has observed, that this individual is the party responsible for the series of thefts.

State the dilemma

A nurse-manager has an unequivocal ethical responsibility to report any suspected crimes. However, this could destroy the goodwill on the ward and impede the community of nurses from working together and getting things done. Also, the crime may be difficult to prove and cause divisiveness on the ward.

Can the dilemma be resolved by the nurse?

The answer to this particular conundrum is 'yes and no.'…...

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Reference

Blais, Kathleen K. & Janis S. Hayes. (2011). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. 6th Ed. Pearson.

In terms of underage drinking, a nurse can act in a public health manner that identifies circumstances and situations that make a population vulnerable, and take steps to either mitigate those circumstances or educate to prevent them in the first place.
Colleagues -- Nursing is never a field in isolation. Instead, it works with a number of colleagues in various disciplines to support health issues. This would include teachers, school administrators, and members of the retail establishment that all might have an effect on underage drinking and the problems associated. Because nurses are advocates for health, they are often consulted by colleagues. In the reverse, nurses should network and advocate programs that seek to reduce situations that make a population vulnerable -- in this case, the buying and selling of alcohol to the underage; restricting venues in which drinking might be allowed; and working with the community to provide an…...

Would the advance(s) keep the patient alive just to keep her/him alive, or would the patient be capable of a productive and enjoyable way of living?
These questions lead right into the code of ethics and the very first one deals with the respect for human dignity.

Human dignity can encompass a variety of components and it must be considered when applying bioethics or ethics in general to prolonging someone's life for the sake of medicine and not for the sake of human dignity. The next item on the list was values held by the patient. Respect for their individual value system should be of ultimate concern for the nurse in regards to treatment. As an example; if the patient's religion affords them the comfort of an afterlife, then it should considered. The patient's beliefs and values should be placed first in priority. Along with that value system is autonomy or…...

This is more complicated by the prevalence of other mental disorders like dementia and drug induced mood swings. Nurses need to be well trained in pattern recognition and logical assessment of the condition and take suitable action to solve these problems. [Steve Lliffe, 107]
The failure to manage these symptoms would result in increased suffering and poor quality of life in the end stage. In a 1993 study conducted on 295 patients admitted for palliative care it was found that 99% of the patients had asthenia (fatigue) while more than 76% reported pain. Another study by Coyle et al. In 1990 revealed that in 75% of patients in palliative care there is usually a combination of symptoms. (Fatigue, pain, anorexia) etc. [Kim Kubler] Asides DNR, there are other morally distressing issues for the nurses to handle. For example, food intake would stop during the final hours of the patient as…...

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Bibliography

1) EPEC Team, "Last Hours of Living," Accessed on March 16th, 2007,  http://www.ama-assn.org/ethic/epec/download/module_12.pdf 

2) Field D, James N. 1993 "Where and How People Die: The Future of Palliative

Care," Open University press

3) Steve Lliffe, Linda Patterson & Mairi M. Gould, 1998, "Health Care for Older

Nursing Ethics
A strong ethical component undergirds the nursing profession. Nurses have an express duty to care, and we are driven by the desire to help others. When completing the "My Nursing Ethic" questionnaire, I was asked to search for the roots of my passion and motivation. I was also asked to consider who or what inspires me, and to whom I am loyal. It is this latter question that becomes the most challenging, because nurses will often discover they have conflicting loyalties. Most of the ethical challenges I have encountered as a nurse stem from my grappling with conflicting roles, duties, and responsibilities.

Although we may try to cultivate objectivity, our background, beliefs, and worldviews prevent nurses from being completely unbiased in our approach. We are human beings, not robots. The personal, cultural, and spiritual values that have contributed to my worldview, and continue to do so, shape my philosophy of…...

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References

"My Nursing Ethic." Survey. Grand Canyon University.

Trevizan, M.A. et al. (2004). Spirituality: the basis for nurses' ethics. Medical Law 23(4).

Winslow, G.R. & Wehtje-Winslow, B. (2007). Ethical boundaries of spiritual care. Medical Journal of Australia 186(10).

Ethics and Morality
Ethical Analysis: A Nursing Situation

Ethical Analysis

Identify the nursing issue

In ancient times, nurses used to take orders from other senior professionals where they were then permitted to initiate routine procedures. Their intellectual skills and reasoning were not valued or fostered. The approach to nursing made any decision regarding medical and ethical issues at the discretion of the doctors. However, nurses in modern settings have realized the therapeutic potential where patients are involved in treatment decisions and course of care. Changes within the nursing profession reflect their desire to be contributory and responsible to the patients' welfare (Peirce & Smith, 2013). Therefore, people who face influences from major decisions dislike policies from unilateral decision-making process. The diversion appears when nurses have good reasons to act and face treatment consequences during daily works.

A 42-year-old woman had malignant breast lump, which was realized after numerous tests were done. Her consultant called for…...

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References

Butts, J., B. Rich, K., (2013). Nursing Ethics: Across the Curriculum and Into Practice. New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers

Fry, S., T. Veatch, R.M. Taylor, C., (2010) Case Studies in Nursing Ethics. New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers

Peirce, A.G., & Smith, J.A. (2013). Ethical and Legal Issues for Doctoral Nursing Students: A Textbook for Students and Reference for Nurse Leaders. New York: DEStech Publications, Inc.,

Nurses can help family members by educating them on the dying process and the various signs to look for so they can plan their hospital time accordingly (Life Support http://www.deathreference.com/Ke-Ma/Life-Support-System.html).
It is important for nurses to recognize individual beliefs and traditions when it comes to the dying process and respect those in the families they work with. If a family believes a dying family member should have oil placed gently on the forehead the nurse can help the family accept the pending death of their loved one by allowing anything non-intrusive to be done. Whether the nurse agrees with the belief or not is not important, what is important is that the nurse respects the wishes of the family as much as possible while still providing required medical care.

Machines and medications keeping life support viable does not mean the person is still alive. Nursing professionals often have to help family…...

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References

Do the poor deserve life support? - By Steven E. Landsburg - Slate (www.slate.com/id/2133518/?nav=navoa)

Life Support http://www.deathreference.com/Ke-Ma/Life-Support-System.html)

Life Support (http://www.canada.com/topics/lifestyle/fitness/story.html?id=5b0c3099-be0e-4119-81ae-02caba26ffa6&k=75397)

Her carative elements strive to "honor the human levels of nursing's work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of individuals we serve" (Watson, 1997, p. 50). The 2 instances of these carative elements, which were later on altered to caritas consider 2001, in medical practice are "establishing and sustaining a helping-trusting, genuine caring relationship" and "existing to, and supportive of, the expression of favorable and adverse sensations as an association with deeper spirit of self and the one-being-cared- for" (Watson, 2001, p. 347).
Ethical decision-making model

To develop this faithful, caring connection with the client, the registered nurse has to be self-aware of any critical sensations that can promote his/her crossing limits into intimacy. Caring needs the registered nurse to have a meaningful relationship within themselves and to the spirit within the client. Watson's caring model needs the registered nurse to appear at the individuality of the specific and…...

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References

Edwards, S.D. (2009). Three versions of the ethics of care. Nursing Philosophy, 10, 231-240.

Edwards, S.D. (2011). Is there a distinctive care ethics? Nursing Ethics, 18, 184-191.

Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

The Free Dictionary. (2002). Definition of caring. Retrieved from  http://www.thefreedictionary.com/caring

ethics provided key inspiration for others looking to apply a more practical application of the ethics within a 21st century organization. The article essentially attempted to redefine ethics and the role ethics play, or should play, within the context of organizational leadership. This pedagogical approach to ethical inclusion within leadership style is highlighted throughout this article and new models, approaches and philosophies are introduced to help guide the reader through this author's writings.
To help give the new understanding of the idea of ethics in the modern world, the idea of globalization is used to help contextualize how ethics may be approached according to this author. A key definition is introduced that premised the article when the author wrote " the lack of universal, organizational ethical standard has prompted the exploration of what is right and what is wrong, often resulting in the crossing of known and perceived boundaries with…...

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References

Bishop, W.H. (2013). The Role of Ethics in 21st Century Organizations. Journal of business ethics, 118(3), 635-637.

Ells, C., & MacDonald, C. (2002, November). Implications of organizational ethics to healthcare. In Healthcare Management Forum (Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 32-38). Elsevier.

Lutzen, K. (1997). Nursing ethics into the next millennium: a context-sensitive approach for nursing ethics. Nursing Ethics, 4(3), 218-226.

Vanlaere, L., & Gastmans, C. (2007). Ethics in nursing education: learning to reflect on care practices. Nursing Ethics, 14(6), 758-766.

This is a theoretical approach which assumes that the nurse will base all treatment decisions on an interest in achieving the patient's best overall health outcome. In light of this, there may be great value in approaching treatment with a cultural sensitivity to the diversity of needs which accompany the inherent diversity of individuals to be treated. Here, the healthcare practitioner must be particular immune to prejudices of an ethnic, racial, sexual or personal nature, with equal treatment quality and personal attention expected for all patrons of the medical system. This is why it is important for members of the healthcare community to be acquainted not just with the idea of a multitude of groups in its public, but with some level of understanding as to how different ethnic groups endure different health scenarios. The way that the nursing professional approaches healing -- with respect to the balance of personal…...

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Works Cited:

ANA. (2004). The Nurses Code of Ethics. The Center for Ethics and Human Rights.

President's Council on Bioethics (PCB). (2010). Being Human: Readings from the President's Council on Bioethics-Chapter 3: To Heal Sometimes, To Comfort Always. Georgetown University.

Ethics
Nursing Ethics

Professional Nursing Ethics

It is not a good idea, but it is possible to become a nurse today without knowing what the Nightingale Pledge is and more important, what it represents. The reason it is not a good idea is simple; nursing is a field that carries with it a great social, moral and ethical responsibility. This accountability is now guided by the Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements; however, the original blueprint was the Nightingale Pledge. We could consider that original pledge as nursing's equivalent to the physicians' Hippocratic Oath. In other words, the modern version of the Nightingale Pledge, the Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements, is a thorough guide that helps both new and old nurse's alike carry out their responsibilities in a way that also meets all ethical duties required by the profession. The Nightingale Pledge has evolved for more than a century and over that…...

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An area where being a nurse can become difficult in regard to ethics is in the area of personal values vs. professional ethics. Nurses must maintain their competence even if they do not live by the same values of their patients. A client's race, sex, or religion, for example, must not interfere with the understood obligations of the nursing community. Everyone should be treated equally. What comes to mind about this ethical obligation is the poor judgment that was shown by some healthcare workers throughout the nation immediately following September 11, 2001. This date is famous for the terrorist attacks that were perpetrated on the nation by individuals of the Muslim faith and of Middle Eastern decent.

For several weeks after that tragic day, however, many Muslim and Middle Eastern families, and anyone who looked like they could be of Middle Eastern decent, became the victims of blatant profiling and racism. What was worst about this news is that in some of these cases of obvious hate crimes, the racism was performed by hospital emergency room staffs because they refused to treat potential terrorists (as they were considered). When performing nursing duties, nurses must have a blind eye to the differences of the client's life values. A homosexual male should not be treated poorly because of his sexual orientation. A black woman who has been raped must not be judged to be immoral anymore than a white woman. Nurses must exercise sound ethical judgment and accept the responsibilities of the profession.

Nurses provide services that include respect for human dignity and they should not change their responsibility to the patient because of some social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of the medical condition. This scenario of personal values and professional ethics then can also be tested when it comes to working in an extremely hazardous environment. Nurses are exposed to communicable diseases on a daily basis and there are often patients who are violent or show other ideals of noncompliance. "It was an opportunity to learn about the challenges nurses encounter in their everyday practice -- health and social inequalities, HIV / AIDS, TB, poverty and compromised

Specifically, they failed to change gloves in-between cleaning incontinent patients and subsequently applying ointment to other parts of the body, and handling patients' clean bed linens, food trays, and personal belongings. One several occasions, I witnessed nurse's aides fail to change gloves in-between different patients. I saw a phlebotomist unnecessarily contaminate sterile dressings by careless handling. When questioned, she responded that her method was more time efficient. I also noticed everyone from nurse's aides to senior residents routinely place containers used for waste collection onto food carts, in some cases after picking them up off the floor.
In general, it seems to me that the routine of sometimes mundane or repetitive tasks -- even in the healthcare profession -- leads to carelessness and an apathetic attitude on the part of people entrusted to ensure the health and welfare of vulnerable patients.

Without condemning any of my colleagues for their lapses, I…...

2008).. This points to the ethical responsibility of nurse educators -- it is not enough to treat the disease, bit one must treat the patient.
Failure to provide the proper level of education to a patient is certainly one way to fail them both ethically and medically, bit the opposite can also be true. That is, it is possible to provide too much care -- what is deemed "medically futile care" -- and this also raises very serious ethical issues in the realm of respiratory illnesses (Sibbald et al. 2007). This particular stuffy found that insufficient communication among the medical team was one of the primary causes for prolonging futile care, which often means increasing and/or prolonging a patient's discomfort without any reasonable expectation of an improvement in their condition (Sibbald et al. 2007).

The ethical choice here, of course, is to end care (with the consent of the patient and/or…...

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References

Efraimsson, E.; Hillverik, C. & Ehrenberg, A. (2008). "Effects of COPD self-care management education at a nurse-led primary health care clinic." Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 22(2), 178-85.

Selecky, P.; Eliasson, A.; Hall, R.; Schneider, R.; Varkey, B. & McCaffree, D. (2005). "Palliative and end-of-life care for patients with cardiopulmonary diseases." Chest 128(5), pp. 3599-610.

shiao, J.; Koh, D.; Lo, L.; Lim, M. & Guo, Y. (2007). "Factors predicting nurses' consideration of leaving their job during the SARS outbreak." Nursing Ethics, 14(1), pp. 5-17.

Sibbald, R.; Downar, J. & Hawryluck, L. (2007). "Perceptions of 'futile care' among caregivers in intensive care units." Canadian medial association journal, 177(10), pp. 1201-8.

Ethics in Nursing
Every professional in the field of healthcare has a special responsibility and obligation to treat patients with care and dignity -- and at all times there should be an ethical approach as well. Nurses, too, is a vitally important component of healthcare, are nurses are certainly bound by ethical rules and values, and this paper delves into the various aspects of ethics in nursing.

Ethics and Nursing

"Codes of ethics refer to systems of rules and principles by which a profession is expected to regulate the moral behavior of its members and demonstrate its responsibility to society" (Numminen, et al., 2011, p. 710).

Ethics in nursing boils down to taking responsibility for providing good care to patients, being fair, professional and just, Zane olf writes in the peer-reviewed journal Nursing. But there is more to it than just offering professional care, olf continues. The author, who is the Dean and Professor…...

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Works Cited

Kangasniemi, Mari. (2010). Equality as a central concept of nursing ethics: a systematic literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 24(4), 824-832.

Lachman, Vicki D. (2012). Applying the Ethics of Care to Your Nursing Practice. Nursing.

21(2), 112-115.

Numminen, O.H., Leino-Kilpi, H., van der Arend, A., and Katajisto, Jouko. (2011).

1. The Historical Impact of Joyce Travelbee's Theory on Nursing Practice

2. Exploring the Evolution of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Nursing

3. The Influence of Joyce Travelbee's Theory on Nurse-Patient Relationships

4. A Historical Overview of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Nursing Care

5. Examining the Legacy of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Contemporary Nursing

6. Joyce Travelbee's Theory: A Historical Perspective on Nursing Philosophy

7. Uncovering the Historical Context of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Nursing Education

8. The Enduring Influence of Joyce Travelbee's Theory on Nursing Research

9. Joyce Travelbee's Theory: A Historical Analysis of Its Impact on Nursing Ethics

10. Tracing the Historical Development of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in....

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