Nuclear Weapons
Knowing why states build nuclear weapons is important for us in order to determine the future of international security and to direct foreign policy efforts in such a way so as to limit the spread of such dangerous armaments. Nuclear weapons are explosives which derive their ability to destroy from chemical reactions, either fission or fusion or a combination of both reactions. These reactions release an enormous quantity of energy, having the capability to destroy even vast cities even if the mass containing the explosive is very little. Such is the power of nuclear weapons.

Since the Soviet Union's dissolution, the key foreign policy interest of several powerful states has been to control the spread of nuclear arms. Those states which are armed with nuclear weapons or are associated with nuclear arm possessing countries continuously pressurize non-nuclear states to not develop their own weapons. The reason these states do so…...

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References:

Hansen, Chuck. Us Nuclear Weapons the Secret History. Crown.

Hoffman, David. The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy. Anchor, 2010.

Pavil, Podvig. Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces . 2004.

Polmar, Norman. U.S. Nuclear Arsenal: A History of Weapons and Delivery Systems Since 1945. Naval Institute Press, 2009.

This debate is stated to have been lost by ethe and he finally agreed to work as a consultant since he had failed to dissuade the building of a thermonuclear bomb and provided contributions to the effort focused toward design of the bomb. In contrast the physicist Teller had "been obsessed with the need to develop the hydrogen bomb ever since Enrico Fermi, suggested the possibility to him in 1941." (Arms Control Association, 2005) it is reported that Teller was "lionized by the right as the "father of the H-bomb and became the leading proponent of the need to stay ahead of the Soviets in the arms race and for the deployment of ballistic missile defenses." (Arms Control Association, 2005) Prior to these events ethe and Teller, were very close friends and remained on the opposite sides of the debates for arms control through their entire lives. In 1945,…...

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Bibliography

Byers, Nina (2002) Physicists and the 1945 Decision to Drop the Bomb. Physics Journal archives 13 Oct 2002. Online available at  http://arxiv.org/html/physics/0210058 

Bethe, Hans a. (1950) "The Hydrogen Bomb: II," Scientific American, April 1950.

Hans Bethe (1906-2005) Arms Control Today - Arms Control Association. 2005 April. Online available at;  http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2005_04/Bethe.asp 

Hans Bethe et al. (1984) "Space-Based Ballistic-Missile Defense," Scientific American, October 1984.

Nuclear eaponry
Nuclear weapons have had a profound impact upon the world at large, as well as upon the United States of America, since they were researched and created within the middle of the 20th Century. The political ramifications of the possession of, monitoring of, and even the occasional use of such weapons have drastically influenced the way nation states conduct themselves towards one another. There was a prolonged time period in which most of the world was actually anticipating, and dreading, the day a full scale nuclear war would take place due to the deployment of such weaponry. International conflicts such as orld ar II -- in which nuclear weapons were first used -- the Cuban Missile Crisis, as well as the prolonged Cold ar that largely pitted the Soviet Union against the United States helped to fuel this conception and to place nuclear weapons at the forefront of some…...

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Works Cited

Bernstein, Barton. "The Uneasy Alliance: Roosevelt, Churchill, and the Atomic Bomb, 1940 -- 1945." The Western Political Quarterly 29 (2): 202 -- 230. 1976. Print.

Epperson, Ralf. The Unseen Hand. Tucson: Publius Press. 1985. Print.

Faria, Miguel. Cuba in Revolution: Escape from a Lost Paradise. Macon: Hacienda. 2002. Print.

Smyth, Henry. Atomic Energy for Military Purposes: the Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940-1945.Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Nuclear eapons
An analysis of the Intelligence Community's efforts against the Soviet Nuclear arsenal during the Cold ar

The Cold ar was one of the defining periods in U.S. history. Going to the moon was more about the culture and events that were occurring during the 1960s than anything else. hen Kennedy announced in 1961 that the U.S. would put a man on the moon, it was more about the Cold ar and showing up the Soviets than merely for scientific discovery. "So we decided to engage in this major scientific and technological endeavor and prove to the world that we were second to none," Roger Launius, the curator of the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum stated (Lamb, 2012). However, the race to achieve a technological domination was not limited to space alone. Each country had developed nuclear technologies that were promoted because of the competition between the countries. This analysis…...

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Works Cited

Atom Central. (N.d.). The Cold War. Retrieved from Atom Central:  http://www.atomcentral.com/the-cold-war.aspx 

Lamb, R. (2012, October 6). Why Did We Go To the Moon? Retrieved from Discovery News:  http://news.discovery.com/space/private-spaceflight/why-did-we-go-to-the-moon.htm 

Tarantola, A. (2013, November 8). 10 Cold War Weapons That Terrified U.S. Military Intelligence. Retrieved from Gizmodo:  http://gizmodo.com/10-cold-war-weapons-that-terrified-u-s-military-intell-1459669357 

Valois, K. (1970). The Cuban Missile Crisis: A World in Peril. Auburndale: History Compass.

At some point one must recognize that even if we identify a strategy to convince North Korea to cease its nuclear programs, history has shown us that their agreement means very little. Further, critics of attempts to neutralize North Korea point to the lack of sanctions that have been imposed for non-compliance with agreements (Kim, 2010).
Major concerns for the international community when addressing this issue is their ultimate willingness to engage in a war with North Korea should it become necessary. Due to the failure of strategic negotiation and hard line tactics there is little that can be done to ensure that negotiations do not result in war. Yet a war would surely lead to catastrophic results including deaths of thousands of soldiers including U.S. troops and the potential for nuclear activity by North Korea (Muravchik, 2003). One must consider the fact that North Korea has accepted the possibility…...

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References

Barry, M.P. (2007). North Korea requires long-term strategic relationship with the U.S. International Journal on World Peace, 24(1), 37-41.

Kim, S.S. (2010). North Korea's nuclear strategy and the interface between international and domestic politics. Asian Perspective, 34(1), 49-85.

Laney, J.T., & Shaplen, J.T. (2003). How to deal with North Korea. Foreign Affairs, 82(2), 16-25.

Morgan, P.M. (2006). Deterrence and system management: The case of North Korea. Conflict Management Peace Science, 23, 121-138. doi: 10.1080/07388940600665768

Nuclear Weapons Issue:
Comparing Two Articles

Nuclear Weapons are not to be trifled with. These monsters can, in fact, annihilate the Earth in minutes. Though many applaud the progress of technology in achieving such powerful weapons, most people lobby against nuclear weapon use, which can be detrimental on land, vegetation, animal life, sea life, water life, and, of course, humanity at large. From previous examinations, it is necessary to note that nuclear weapons have harmed those that were nowhere near where they were detonated, thus proving the incredible extent of damage that they can provoke. This paper will analyze two articles, both of which deal with this issue and will examine the purpose, content and goals of each author.

First Article - Content

In the first article, the author describes nuclear weapons testing in the United States. He states by stating the as the 1970's cane to an end, American that had become…...

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Referenced:

Millson, C. (2010). Nuclear Weapons Testing in the United States: Sacrificing Health for National Defense. Student Pulse. <  http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/535/2/nuclear-weapons-testing-in-the-united-states-sacrificing-health-for-national-defense >.

Williams, T.T. (2004). Clan of One-Breasted Women. NY: Busic Books. (resource provided by customer).

nuclear weapons, as they relate to United States history. It will begin by first examining the circumstances surrounding the development of fissile materials, and will continue by speaking about the Second World War, as well as what prompted the U.S. - Germany - ussia race for developing nuclear weapons. Then, the paper will also examine lasting effects of the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and will comment upon the influence that nuclear weapons issues have on foreign policy as well as how much harm they could cause today, and how the world can and should stop these weapons from existing in the world. With regards to this latter point, the paper will have to examine a short chronology of the development of these weapons and will therefore include those countries that are utilizing such technologies today, as well as how the U.S. sees these countries and what policies are…...

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References:

"Our History." National Nuclear Security Administration. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. .

"N Korea Helping Iran with Nuclear Testing - Telegraph." Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph Online, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph - Telegraph. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. .

ACH
The United States and the Soviet Union participated in a unique standoff that sought to achieve dominance through the use of technological weaponry and the ideas of mutually assured destruction (MAD). The intelligence community during this time was often caught up in ways to truly understand the enemy and find ways of deflecting the political and military impact that this weapons race produced during the Cold War. Looking back on the situation, it appears that there were many ways to interpret the actions of this enemy and provide new and important insight that could contribute to the common defense of this country and its way of life.

The purpose of this essay is to re-evaluate the Intelligence Community's effort against the Soviet Union during the Cold War. This will be accomplished by utilizing a system of Analysis of Competing Hypothesis to determine the actions and behavior of the Soviets in regards…...

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References

Central Intelligence Agency (nd). Analysis of Competing Hypotheses. Viewed 30 Aug 2014. Retrieved from  https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/psychology-of-intelligence-analysis/art11.html 

Nitze, P.H. (1997). Is it time to junk our nukes?. Washington Quarterly, 20(3), 97-101.

Parrington, A.J. (1997). Mutually Assured Destruction Revisited. Strategic Doctrine in Question. AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL AIRPOWER JOURNAL.

Shultz, G.P., Perry, W.J., Kissinger, H.A., & Nunn, S. (2007). A world free of nuclear weapons. Wall Street Journal, 4, A15.

Wilson earned a doctorate degree in Johns Hopkins University, and became a professor of political science. Wilson experience and academic background influenced his thought. Wilson focused on peace and international cooperation, and envisaged a new world order based on the rule of law, formation of international organizations and acceptance of shared values. Wilson also advocated for the covenants of peace by reducing armaments among nations. 28.
The idealists thought led to the formation of League of Nations to bring about cooperation among states as well as guarantying peace and security of all countries.29. Between 1920s and 1930s, idealist doctrine dominated international relations and the idealist believe made Britain to be slow in re-arming itself in the face of German with the believe that the League of Nation would prevent the outbreak of Second World War . 30. While idealist doctrine reigned between 1920s and 1930s, idealistic thought was struggling to…...

Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Facilitators and Detractors
Ever since the first atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the world has been polarized into two different groups: one that supports nuclear proliferation, and another that vehemently campaigns against the piling up of nuclear material in the world. Both groups have their own arguments to justify their stand. While those who oppose nuclear weapons argue that nuclear proliferation endangers the very existence of the world and international peace, the supporters of nuclear weapons argue that nuclear weapons are required as a deterrent force. The American policy of minimum deterrence echoes this sentiment. However, considering the fact that the world reached dangerously close to an all out nuclear war way back in the eighties during the cold war years, points to the fact that the policy of minimum deterrence can, in the hands of hot-headed heads of states, become a very dangerous…...

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References

GCSE History, 2003, "The Cold War: Causes," retrieved at On July 6, 2003http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/classroom/gcse/cold_war.htm.

Dukes Paul, 2001, "A long view of the cold war," History Today, Issue: Jan, 2001

John Lewis Gaddis, Russia, the Soviet Union and the United States: An Interpretive History, Wiley, 1990

It should be noted, from the onset, that uranium could be enriched for two main reasons. To begin with, uranium could be enriched with the intent of building a nuclear weapon. According to the BBC (2020), “highly enriched uranium has a concentration of 20% or more and is used in research reactors… weapons-grade uranium is 90% enriched or more.” If Perelandra is enriching uranium so as to build a nuclear weapon, this move would be a threat to the safety and wellbeing of Narnia. In such a case, Narnia would be justified to intervene in an attempt to secure its interests. It is, however, important to note that Perelandra could be enriching uranium for peaceful purposes, such as civil nuclear power generation. If this were the case, the nation would be seeking to advance the interests and wellbeing of its citizens. As a sovereign jurisdiction, this would be well within its…...

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References

BBC (2020). Iran nuclear deal: Why do the limits on uranium enrichment matter? Retrieved from

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48776695

Nuclear weapons became a tool of American policy that goes far beyond protection of national interests, for American national interests depend on the propagation of American ideals. The United States is, in the words of Harold Lasswell, a "garrison state;" a crusading nation that seeks to combat all enemies real and imagined and to remake the world in its own image. (Flint 86-87) Under the new doctrine, nuclear strategy becomes a means of enforcing an ideology - all dissent, or supposed dissent, is rooted out through the threat of ultimate and complete destruction. Terrorism is made the defining characteristic of immorality. States that support terrorism become the ultimate evildoers. The Bush Administration redefined international relations in terms of an axis of good led by the United States and its allies, and an axis of evil consisting preeminently of Iraq, Iran, and North Korea and their terrorist associates. Alone among these…...

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References

Botti, Timothy J. Ace in the Hole: Why the United States Did Not Use Nuclear Weapons in the Cold War, 1945 to 1965. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996.

Flint, Colin, ed. The Geography of War and Peace: From Death Camps to Diplomats. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Hilsman, Roger. From Nuclear Military Strategy to a World without War: A History and a Proposal. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999.

Hirschbein, Ron. Massing the Tropes: The Metaphorical Construction of American Nuclear Strategy. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2005.

The development of the atomic bomb as well as its perceived success rate however made further development in chemical and biological weaponry unnecessary.
It is worth noting that biological weapons were never employed significantly in World War I and World War II. The effects of biological weapons even if crude has been pointed out by Spiers (2010) when he mentioned how Japanese surrendered in 1945 abut six of their soldiers released several plague-infested rates as well as sixty horses that were infested with the deadly glanders into the relatively quite and safer Chinese countryside. This left Changchun as well as its environs unsafe for habitation until the 1950s

Conclusion

A review of literature indicates that the United States never actively used chemical or biological weapons as part of its military operations. In its history of military development and its rise to be the world superpower. There are cases however when these weapons…...

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References

Anderson, F (F) ed. The Oxford Companion to American Military History

Black.J (2002) America as a Military Power: From the American Revolution to the Civil War

Chambers, JW (1999)ed., The Oxford Guide to American Military History

Doughty, R., Gruber, I, Flint, R, Grimsley, M and Herring, G (1995)American Military History and the Evolution of Western Warfare. Wadsworth Publishing

It has been viewed to manipulate the treaty for its gains in terms of securing security. After the treaty was signed, the international community's interest to agree to rules that had been accepted created a source of safety. The current world has termed the treaty as a regime.
In the U.S. context, their aim is to provide security for their citizens because of the nuclear weapons threat. The treaty has been signed by more than 180 states worldwide. In order to ensure that there is safety while nations continue with their nuclear program, a separate organization was created to oversee the process of monitoring such activities: the International Energy Atomic Agency (IAEA). U.S. As the hegemonic state has the power to protect other nations from harm: other nations view this as a mutual benefit. While the U.S. gain more power plus safety from states that are within the NPT treaty,…...

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References

Forsberg, R. (2005). Nonproliferation Primer: Preventing the Spread of Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons. Michigan: MIT Press

Gallacher, J, Blacker, C. & Bellany, I. (2005). The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. New York:

Routledge

Kessler, J. (2005). Verifying Nonproliferation Treaties: Obligation, Process, and Sovereignty.

Weapons Proliferation, simply defined, is the rapid increase or spread of weapons in the context of global security. If we are to measure the weapons capabilities of the world, the United States retains the lion's share: in 2002 the Economist estimated that American military spending would exceed 379 billion in 2003 (Economist, 6/18/2002.) For comparison's sake, Russia, the world's second largest nuclear power, had a total GDP of merely 346.6 billion in 2002 (Economist, 7/22/2003.) However, the "balance of terror" that underscored the cold war era was in many ways much safer than the current situation. Whereas 'weapons proliferation' once referred to the number of weapons in existence, it has taken on a new meaning; it now is usually meant to reflect the number of political entities capable of using weapons of mass destruction. The number of such countries has increased beyond UN Security Council permanent members to include India,…...

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Be Afraid. Economist, September 4th, 2003

Lord Hutton's Eyebrows. Economist, September 4th, 2003

Brecher, Gary. Bezerkers with Red Stars: North Korean Scenarios. The Exile, June 2, 2003.

One of the most interesting issues in international relations is the role that nuclear weapons play in the effort to obtain peace.  Many people suggest that nuclear weapons can preserve peace.  The United States was the first country to actively deploy nuclear weapons in an effort to shorten a war by dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The widespread destruction, which was unlike anything ever experienced in a war up to that point, is often credited with ushering in the end of World War II, at least in the Pacific....

The possession and proliferation of nuclear weapons pose a significant threat to global security, and immediate steps must be taken to halt their development and disarm existing arsenals in order to preserve peace and prevent catastrophic consequences. One approach to formulating a strong thesis statement on nuclear weapons could be to focus on the impact of nuclear weapons on international relations and the balance of power. For example, you could explore how the possession of nuclear weapons by certain countries influences their interactions with other states and shapes the dynamics of conflict and cooperation on the global stage. By emphasizing the....

Crafting a Compelling Nuclear Weapons Thesis Statement

In the realm of nuclear policy, formulating a strong thesis statement is paramount to crafting a persuasive academic argument. A well-constructed thesis statement provides a clear roadmap for your research, guiding the development of your ideas and evidence while captivating your audience. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you draft a powerful nuclear weapons thesis statement:

Understanding the Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is a concise declaration of your stance or argument regarding a specific topic. In the context of nuclear weapons, a strong thesis statement should:

Make a clear and arguable claim: Your thesis should....

Should the Military Help Taiwan? A Comprehensive Analysis

The question of whether the United States military should intervene to defend Taiwan in the event of an attack by China is a complex and contentious issue with far-reaching implications. This analysis aims to provide a balanced assessment of the potential benefits and risks associated with military intervention, taking into account both the geopolitical dynamics and the legal and ethical considerations involved.

Background: The Taiwan Situation

Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China (ROC), is a self-governing island that has been de facto independent from mainland China since 1949. China, however, continues to claim....