New Netherlands
In 1602 The States General of the United Provinces, known as the Netherlands, engaged the United East Indies Company to explore for a passage to the Indies and claim any territories for the United Provinces. Seven years later, on September 3, 1609, the English explorer Henry Hudson entered the area now known as New York in an attempt to find a northwest passage to the Indies. On September 12th Hudson took his ship, the Half Moon, up the river which now bears his name as far as Albany and claimed the land for his employer. Less than 75 years later the Dutch relinquished this territory to England. This paper will examine the factors that led to the Dutch failure to maintain control and establish a permanent presence in this new territory.

Discussion

The First Settlers

hile the elusive Northwest Passage was not to be found, the new lands claimed for the…...

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Works Cited

"Colonial America, The Dutch in New York." United States History. (NDI). 17 July 2011.

"Dutch Colonies." The National Parks Service. U.S. Departmeent of the Interior. (NDI). 17 July 2011.

Goodrich, Charles A. "Colony of New York A Brief History." A History of the United States. (1857). In CelebrateBoston.com. (2011). 17 July 2011.

Jorden, Louis. "A Brief outline of the History of New Netherland" Department of Special Collections, University of Notre Dame Libraries. (1997). 17 July 2011.

Drug Policies of the United States and the Netherlands
Virtually every country in the world has drug prohibition and criminalizes the production and sale of cannabis, cocaine, and opiates, except for medical uses, and most countries criminalize the production and sale of other psychoactive substances, and moreover, most countries criminalize simple possession of small amounts of the prohibited substances (Levine 2002). However, no estern country and few Third orld countries have or have ever had forms of drug prohibition as criminalized and punitive as the United States (Levine 2002). Beginning in the early 1990's, drug policies in Europe, Canada, Australia and elsewhere began to shift away from criminalization of drugs, and no where has the pendulum swayed more than in the Netherlands (Levine 2002).

The United States' drug policy is the best example of criminalized drug prohibition that uses criminal laws, police, and imprisonment to punish people who use specific psychoactive substances,…...

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Works Cited

Levine, Harry G. "The secret of worldwide drug prohibition: the varieties and uses of drug prohibition." Independent Review; 9/22/2002.

Basic Facts about Drug Laws

 http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/basicfax.htm#q1 

History of Legislative Control

Framework Analysis & Review As is also noted in the methodology of this report, the overall basis and goal of this report is to assess the widespread and national-level Dutch construction fraud scandal that erupted and came into full bloom in 2001. As will become clear throughout this framework and paradigm analysis, the presence of fraud within the Dutch construction industry and environment is without question and this was especially true in 2001 and the immediately preceding years running up to the same. Even if the amount of fraud, graft and collusion has tapered off and been regulated out of the system since then, it is still a very real issue and one that authorities and industry executives must remain vigilant about. Indeed, the amount of results found in a swath of academic databases with the search string “Dutch construction fraud” numbers nearly ten thousand and that is just academic and…...

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References

Ang, G, Groosman, M, & Scholten, N 2005, \\\\'Dutch performance-based approach to building

regulations and public procurement\\\\', Building Research & Information, 33, 2, pp. 107-

119, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 August 2017.

Beerepoot, M, & Beerepoot, N 2007, \\\\'Government regulation as an impetus for innovation:

Evidence from energy performance regulation in the Dutch residential building

sector\\\\', Energy Policy, 35, pp. 4812-4825, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 August

2017.

Boelhouwer, P 2011, \\\\'The Dutch Social Housing Model: The Success of Guaranties and

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS International Comparisons - NetherlansThe Netherlans follows a universal health insurance system that inclues public an private coverages (Tikkanen et al., 2020). Accoring to the 2004 Worl Health Assembly (WHA), universal health coverage is efine as access to health intervention for all on an equal basis. Prevention, cure, an rehabilitation are provie at a reasonable price (Kuipers, van e Pas & Krumeich, 2022). Netherlans national government takes responsibility for monitoring access, quality, an setting healthcare costs for the common public. The basic healthcare facilities encompass hospitalization, nursing interventions, home nursing, mental caregiving, an costs of meicines. The government provies total coverage for chilren uner 18 years. Aults pay the premium of their coverage, which is fixe for every iniviual, compare to the high premiums an euctibles otherwise charge from people in other countries.When comparisons are mae with the US, some crucial elements of the Netherlans healthcare system shoul be…...

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de Vries, H., Vahl, J., Muris, J., Evers, van der Horst, H. & Cheung, K.L. (2021). Effects of the reform of the Dutch healthcare into managed competition: Results of a Delphi study among experts. Health Policy, 125(1), 27-33.   T., van de Pas, R. & Krumeich, A. (2022). Is the healthcare provision in the Netherlands compliant with universal health coverage based on the right to health? A narrative literature review. Globalization and Health, 18. doi:10.1186/s12992-022-00831-7The Commonwealth Fund. (2017). 4 healthcare lessons the US can learn from top-performing countries.  https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/other-publication/2017/aug/4-health-care-lessons-us-can-learn-top-performing-countries Tikkanen, R., Osborn, R., Mossialos, E., Djordjevic, A., & Wharton, G.A. (2020). International healthcare system profiles: Netherlands. The Commonwealth Fund.  https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/netherlandshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.10.010 Kuipers,

The promising areas of Dutch expertise are in modeling, risk management, water quality management and also institutional strengthening. The Dutch stakeholders across the board can also contribute through a cooperative and integrated approach to river basin management. All of this has to be taken into account as well as the spatial aspects of water for te new water management to be effective. It is a recognition of the need for wetlands as a water retention resource that has to be maintained in the balance. Then, there will not be a crisis. The water-shed will be most sustainable if it can be developed as a protective barrier ("aterland Information Network") .
The Biesbosch is also becoming as an economic as well as a water retention resource. The future of the area lies in the field of sustainable tourism. In the history of the place, man has worked both with and against…...

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Work Cited

Biswas, Asit K. Water Management in 2020 and Beyond. 1st. New York, NY: Springer, 2009. 190.

De Velliers, Marq. Water: The Fate of Our Most Precious Resource. 1st. New york, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001. 3.

Hobbelen, P.H.F., J.E. Koolhaas, and C.A.M van Gestel. "Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution for detritivores in floodplain soils in the Biesbosch, the Netherlands, taking bioavailability into account." Environmental Pollution . 129. (2004): 40919. Print.

Hopkins, Anna. "Communities and Waterpoint Management." The Chapter Buzz. / blogs.ewb.ca/annahopkin, 21 Oct 2011. Web. 25 Oct 2011.

Euthanasia Is Illegal
Euthanasia otherwise known as assisted suicide refers to the painless extermination of a patient suffering from terminal illnesses or painful or incurable disease. According to Cavan & Dolan, euthanasia is the practice or act of permitting the death of hopelessly injured or sick individuals in a painless means for the purpose of mercy (Cavan & Dolan 12). The techniques used in euthanasia induce numerous artifacts such as shifts in regional brain chemistry, liver metabolism and epinephrine levels causing death. Advocates of euthanasia trust that sparing a patient needless suffering or pain is a good thing. If an individual is hopelessly hurt or ill with no hope of ever getting well, if such a person is in an unending and unbearable pain and cannot experience the things that make life meaningful, the best option for such patients is euthanasia. Euthanasia raises questions on morals, legal and essence of…...

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Work Cited

Baird, R. Caring for the Dying: critical issues at the edge of life. New York: Prometeus Books 2003, pp.117

Cavan, Seasmus, Dolan, Sean. Euthanasia: The Debate over the right to die. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Oct 1, 2000.

Cohen-Almagor, R. Euthanasia in the Netherlands: The policy and practice of mercy killing. Netherlands: Springer, Aug 3, 2004.

Devettere, Raymond. Practical decision making in health care ethics: Cases and concepts. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press, 2009.

political framework of EU and OCT
European Union (EU) and Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) are in association with each other via a system which is based on the provisions of part IV of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU), consisting of detailed rules and measures which are laid down in the document issued on 27th November 2001 title Oversees Association Decision. The expiry date of this association decision is 31st December 2013. Stress has been laid down by the European Council in its conclusions issued on 22nd December 2009 that the relationship between OCT and EU should continuously be updated in order to reflect latest developments not only in EU and OCT but thorough out the world. The commission has also been encouraged to make revisions to the Overseas Association Decision and present it in front of the council prior to July 2012 (Hill et al.,…...

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References

Agnew John, "Geopolitics re-vision world politics," Routledge Taylor & Francies Group, pp 1-5

Alan Taylor, American Colonies: New York: Viking, 2001, pp. 57 -- 8.

Baldwin, David. Ed. Neo-Realism And Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.

Balzacq, T. (Ed.). Understanding securitization theory. The design and evolution of security problems. Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

Sentencing in the US versus in Germany and the Netherlands
There is one major difference between the sentencing and corrections policies of the US and the sentencing and corrections policies of Germany and the Netherlands. The former bases its policy on the ideas of retribution and incapacitation, whereas the latter base their policies on the ideas of rehabilitation and socialization (Vera Institute of Justice, 2013). This basic philosophical orientation towards the corrections is what distinguishes the two policies. The US views corrections as a punitive measure while Germany and the Netherlands view corrections in a positive light -- a measure that is designed to return the inmate to society. Indeed, recidivism rate in the US is 40% -- meaning that 4 out of every 10 inmates released will return to prison within the first three years (Vera Institute of Justice, 2013). In Germany and the Netherlands, such a rate is unheard…...

Punitive, and correctional system in the United states of America in contrast with the German, Norwegian and Netherlands systems.
• Introduction to US criminal justice system

• A general outlook of the German, Norway, and Netherlands criminal justice system

• A thesis statement

Similarities

Opening statement

Classification of prisons

• security levels

• Prisons differentiated based on age, and sex.

Operations within incarceration facilities

• Compulsory work duties and vacations

• Compensation for work

Access to amenities

• Leisure activities

• Education and skill improvement opportunities

Differences

Opening statement

Basic and foundational principle of the criminal justice system,

• Rates of imprisonment

• US is punitive/retribution and neutralization

• German, Norway, and Netherlands is rehabilitation and re-integration to society

• Routines and environmental settings of prisons

• Solitary confinement in the US

• Prison sizes are smaller and crowded in the US

• The use of imprisonment

• Netherlands, German, and Norway sparingly used and short

• US mass incarceration and considerably long

• Alternatives to imprisonment used in German, Norway, and Netherlands

2. Length of jail term

•…...

International Peace Conference
The purpose of this work is to examine the First International Peace Conference and identify the background, or what led to the meeting of delegations, the factors, actors and what was as stake. Further to explore the decisions and interactions that took place as well as the outcomes of the conference. Finally to evaluate the outcome and examine what might have been done differently as well as how the effect of a different outcome may have demonstrated itself historically.

The spring and summer of 1899 was witness to the gathering of twenty-six nations of the world for the First International Peace Conference which was held at the "House in the Woods" at The Hague by generous offer of The Netherlands Queen, Wilhemenia. Although the gathering failed to effectively address disarmament the adoption of other important agreements and conventions paved the way for collective efforts to follow.

Elements that Helped…...

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Bibliography

Low, S. "The International Conference of Peace" The North American Review 516 (Nov. 1899) 626 Cornell, Making of America [Online] available at:  http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?bitusud=ABQ7578-0169-53 

Mahan, Captain A.T. "The Peace Conference and the Moral Aspect of War. The North American Review 515 (Oct. 1899) 439-440. Cornell, Making of America [Online] available at http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin?ntisid=ABQ7578-0169-38

Paterson, T. et.al. (2000) "American Foreign Relations" V.1. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company 239

Low, S. "The International Conference of Peace" The North American Review 516 (Nov. 1899) 626 Cornell, Making of America [Online] available at http://cdl.library.cornell.educgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABQ7578-0169-53

Counterterrorism Strategies
Terrorism is a 21st century' problem to the entire world. It has led to many lives lost eventually. Global instability in of the world in terms of social, economic, and political spectra has also been witnessed because of terrorism. For this reason, the world's nations have come together to devise methods and means of countering the problem. However, on top of the global stand that courtiers adopt a similar and coordinated approach to fighting terrorism, there are still instances where specific countries adopt unique strategies to fight the menace (Sisk, 2011). Counterterrorism strategies among the most hit countries thus differ. In this paper, an analysis of the similarities and difference between the counterterrorism strategies among the three European nations is put forth. The countries under focus here are Spain, Sweden, and The Netherlands. Each of these countries has been facing similar terror threats and has devised ways to…...

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References

Haberfeld M.R., King, J.F., & Lieberman C.A. (2009). Terrorism within Comparative International Context: The Counter-Terrorism Response and Preparedness. New York: Springer DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-88861-3

Hammond, P. (2014). Slavery, terrorism, & Islam: The historical roots and contemporary threat. Cape Town, South Africa: Christian Liberty Books.

Sisk, T. (2011). Between terror and tolerance religious leaders, conflict, and peacemaking. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

36). The United States is very much a patchwork of different approaches.
The Netherlands is a much smaller and more homogeneous country, especially in terms of the major factors that have the most immediate impact on urban planning (unhaar, Driessen, & Soer, 2009). The country is indeed -- as the name suggests -- a low-lying nation, a fact that has required central planning over generations to avoid catastrophic flooding and to ensure that the nation has sufficient arable land. Unlike the United States, which includes lands ranging from desert to tundra and densely population urban areas to very sparsely population plains, the Netherlands as a nation is bound together by its shared geography as well as by a population that has until recently been highly homogeneous. This has meant that almost all planning takes place on the national level and reflects shared cultural ideals about what the nation should and…...

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References

Garvin, a. (2002). The American City: What Works, What Doesn't. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Runhaar H., Driessen, PJ., Soer, P. (2009). Sustainable urban development and the challenge of policy integration: An assessment of planning tools for integrating spatial and environmental planning in the Netherlands. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 36(3): 417 -- 431.

With the exception of Washington and Colorado, U.S. laws forbid the possession of even small amounts of marijuana, whereas Netherlands has been entertaining a liberal policy for two decades. In this light, Americans would be expected to have a small rate of marijuana usage, while the Dutch due to their expanded availability of cannabis, should have an increased rate of usage. The empirical evidence to support these conclusions, though, is scant.
Dutch drug policy may appear radical, but let there be no misunderstanding, their laws state clearly that marijuana is illegal. In 1976, it had been decided to take the course of de-penalization, a formal non-enforcement policy for offences involving possession of up to 30 grams, and this quantity limit was dropped to 5 grams in 1995. During the 1980s the de facto legalization started, with the inauguration of small retail outlets known as coffee shops that were allowed to…...

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References

Cohen, Peter J. Medical Marijuana, Compassionate Use, and Public Policy: Expert Opinion or Vox Populi? (2006, May-June). The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 36, No. 3

Metrik, J. et al. Acute Effects of Marijuana Smoking on Negative and Positive Affect. (2011, April 1). Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol. 25, No. 1

Mikos, R.A. On the Limits of Supremacy: Medical Marijuana and the States' overlooked Power to Legalize Federal Crime. (2009, October). Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 62, No. 5

Pew Research Center. Majority Now Supports Legalizing Marijuana. (2013, April)

Companies and Diversification
Akpinar, O, and Yigit, I. (2016). The Relationship Between Diversification Strategy and Firm Performance in Developed and Emerging Economy Contexts: Evidence from Turkey, Italy And the Netherlands. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 3(2), 78-86.

This research encompassed a close look at data from 166 firms in the Netherlands, 265 firms in Italy, and 128 firms in Turkey (using data from 2007-2011). The point of the research was to explore the difference between various types of diversification and production performance in those three nations. Akpinar (professor, Kocaseli University in Kocaseli Turkey), and Yigit (business faculty member at Marmara University in Turkey) explain that "Related Diversification" is market expansion into new areas, and "Unrelated Diversification" is expansion into a new market "having no relation with the existing one" (Akpinar, et al., 2016).

The hypothesis used by the authors: there would be a positive relationship between "performance and related entropy index" vis-a-vis…...

It sheds light on why the financial results deviated from expectations and what remedies can be included in the next strategic plan in order to ensure that the company improves performance in the next period.
There are differences among budgeting techniques in different companies and it may well be that some generalizations can be made between the budgeting techniques in different countries. In the Netherlands, for example, budgets are often a compilation of departmental budgets set by lower-level managers (De ith & Dijkman, 2008). Yet within that country, there is considerable divergence among public companies. The same is true for companies in other major estern nations as well -- a wide range of techniques is used in any given sample of companies.

It should be noted that in the U.S., there is a move towards post-budgeting techniques, such as Beyond Budgeting, Activity-Based Costing or the Balanced Scorecard (Becker et al., 2010).…...

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Works Cited:

Becker, S., Messner, M. & Schaffer, U. (2010). The evolution of a management accounting idea: The case of beyond budgeting. WHU Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management.

De With, E. & Dijkman, A. (2008). Budgeting practices of listed companies in the Netherlands. Management Accounting Quarterly. Retrieved November 3, 2011 from  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0OOL/is_1_10/ai_n31369438/?tag=r%20bxcra.2.a.33

I. Introduction
A. Brief explanation of physician-assisted suicide (PAS)
B. Importance of the topic

II. Background
A. Historical context of PAS
B. Legal status of PAS in different countries

III. Arguments in Favor of Physician-Assisted Suicide
A. Autonomous decision-making
1. Patient's right to choose
2. Respect for individual autonomy
B. Alleviating suffering
1. Relief from unbearable pain
2. Improving quality of life

IV. Ethical Considerations
A. Medical ethics
1. Beneficence and non-maleficence
2. Respect for patient's autonomy
B. Religious and cultural beliefs
1. Views on the sanctity of life
2. Impact of diverse beliefs on PAS acceptance

V. Arguments against Physician-Assisted Suicide
A. Slippery....

1. The history and significance of Schokland as a former island in the Zuiderzee
2. The impact of the reclamation of the Zuiderzee on the people and landscape of Schokland
3. The cultural heritage and archaeology of Schokland as a UNESCO World Heritage site
4. The relationship between Schokland and the surrounding polders in the Netherlands
5. The role of Schokland in Dutch folklore and legends
6. The environmental challenges facing Schokland and its future sustainability
7. The architectural and archaeological remains on Schokland and their preservation
8. The significance of Schokland as a symbol of the struggle against water in the Netherlands
9. The community and daily....

Critical Discourse Analysis: Unraveling Power Dynamics and Ideological Influences in Language

Introduction

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a multifaceted approach to linguistic inquiry that investigates the ways in which language is used to construct and perpetuate social and political power dynamics. CDA scholars contend that language is not merely a neutral medium of communication, but an active agent that shapes our perceptions, ideologies, and the ways we interact with the world.

Key Principles

CDA is grounded in the following principles:

Language is inseparable from power: Discourse is embedded in social contexts and reflects the power relations that exist within them.
Meaning is socially constructed:....

Impact of Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge on Students' Academic Achievement
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), a complex interplay of content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge, plays a pivotal role in shaping students' academic achievement. Teachers with strong PCK are better equipped to design and implement effective instruction that enhances student understanding and performance.
1. Improved Content Comprehension:
PCK allows teachers to select and organize content in a meaningful manner that aligns with students' prior knowledge and cognitive development.
They can connect concepts and ideas across different content areas, making learning more coherent and relatable.
By understanding the nuances and complexities of the subject matter,....