Nervous System:
In order to achieve its function, the nervous system is divided into two major parts i.e. The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The central nervous system is basically made up of the brain and spinal cord and has the main function of receiving information from the body and sending out instructions. While the brain is protected by the skull, the spinal cord is guarded by the vertebral column. On the contrary, the basic structure of the peripheral nervous system consists of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and sensory receptors ("Nervous System," 2001). The system is responsible for sending messages from the brain to other parts of the body. PNS is divided into the afferent and efferent divisions with the afferent division consists of distinctively structured sensory receptor for transmitting information to the CNS about the body's internal environment ("Peripheral Nervous System," 2010). The efferent division…...

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May 2012,

Paul, I (n.d.), Blood Sugar Regulation, Biology Reference, viewed 27 May 2012,

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Nervous System Lymphoma
page literature review "Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

The primary central nervous system lymphoma

The primary central nervous system lymphoma is a cancer type that is very rare, and affects the central nervous system i.e. spinal cord, brain, brain coverings, optic nerves, or the eyes. The cancer being referred to as a lymphoma indicates that its cells are lymphocytes which are a white blood cell type. Primary central nervous system lymphoma has no specific age group, but in most of the diagnosed cases, it is found in patients who are above 50 years. Immunosuppressed patients i.e. patients whose immune system has been reduced, like people living with AIDS or patients after organ transplant who are taking specific drugs, all seem to be more at risk of contracting this cancer Weinberg et al., 2005.

There is poor prognosis for immunocompromised patients.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma represents about 20% of lymphoma cases…...

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References

Gaidano, G., Capello, D., Pastore, C., Antinori, A., Gloghini, A., Carbone, A., . . . Saglio, G. (1997). Analysis of Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Infection in AIDS-Related and AIDS-Unrelated Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 175(5), 1193-1197.

Ivers, L.C., Kim, A.Y., & Sax, P.E. (2004). Predictive Value of Polymerase Chain Reaction of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus to Establish the Diagnosis of HIV-Related Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 39(1), 1629-1632.

Weinberg, A., Bloch, K.C., Li, S., Tang, Y.-W., Palmer, M., & Tyler, K.L. (2005). Dual Infections of the Central Nervous System with Epstein-Barr Virus. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191(2), 234-237.

Yoo, D., Lee, W.H.S., & Kwon-Chung, K.J. (1985). Brain Abscesses Due to Pseudallescheria boydii Associated with Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: A Case Report and Literature Review. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 7(2), 272-277.

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries out the motor commands that are sent from the central nervous system. These commands or signals are then sent directly through the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system to the target organs where they will then be signaled to perform the desired action (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 380).
The peripheral nervous system can be further broken down as being a part of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 375). The efferent division works in both of these systems as they are only possible through the motor commands sent from the central nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement. The signals innervate skeletal muscles that a person can consciously control (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 376). A reflex is also controlled by the peripheral nervous system and the somatic nervous system. When an…...

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References:

Martini, Frederic, Nath, Judi Lindsley, and Bartholomew, Edwin F. Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2012. Print.

hat happens is this over production of neurons results in a kind or "pre-programmed 'suicide' mechanism called apoptosis" (Marino, 2010). So if the brain kills off these neurons on purpose, what happens to the dead neurons? Journalist Melissa Marino asserts that the body must dispose of the dead neurons or else the body's immune system is in trouble.
Interestingly, Dr. Bruce Carter (a biochemistry professor) of Vanderbilt has discovered the brain's "clean-up crew" and the protein that is important to that clean-up crew (disposing the dead neurons) is called "jedi-1" (not to be confused with the science fiction movie "Star ars"). If jedi-1 is not doing its job, the body may suffer from "autoimmune conditions." So there are many interesting things going on with our central nervous system that most people aren't aware of, but are important for good physical and psychological health.

Childhood Survivors of Central Nervous System Cancer Suffer…...

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Works Cited

Chudler, Eric. "Neuroscience For Kids." Washington University. Retrieved January 30, 2010,

From  http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html .

Journal of the National Cancer Institute. "Childhood Survivors of CNS Cancer and Leukemia

Have Lowered Educational Attainment." Retrieved January 30, 2010, from Science Daily

Nervous System
The major structures of basal ganglia are pallidum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and striatum. They are inappropriately named because the name striatum refers to all major components of basal ganglia. However it was used to refer to only one of the structures. The general function of basal ganglia is to take part in learning and motor control.

Is called motor cortex, receives its primary input from the ganglia structures

The right and left hemispheres of the brain communicate along inferior fronto occipital fasciculus tract and longitudinal fasciculus tract.

The major brain regions include the diencephalon, the brainstem, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum. These major regions of the brain control each and everything in human body, ranging from blinking and breathing to assisting an individual in memorizing concepts and facts.

The cells which produce CSF are called ependymal cells and they are located in the choroids plexus. The function of cerebrospinal fluid is…...

Parkinson's Disease
The human central nervous system is a miraculously designed functional piece of our bodies that helps us conduct the most essential tasks to help in our survival. It is therefore very important to investigate and understand how this system functions and operates. In this investigation it is also useful to understand how disease and malfunction of this system are affected. The purpose of this essay is to describe the normal and functional anatomical qualities of the human nervous system. To do this, the effects of Parkinson's disease, a disorder of the nervous system, will be analyzed to help contextualize the health of a well regulated nervous system against one that is not working properly.

Components of a Healthy Nervous System

The central nervous system is the command and control center for the nervous system. This physiological component receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. The two main…...

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Works Cited

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. " NINDS Parkinson's Disease Information Page. Retrieved from  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/parkinsons_disease.htm 

National Parkinson Foundation. " Parkinson's Disease Overview." Viewed 2 April 2013. Retrieved from  http://www.parkinson.org/parkinson-s-disease.aspx 

"Parkinson's Disease." The New York Times, Viewed 3 April 2013. Retrieved from  http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/parkinsons-disease/overview.html

human Central Nervous System plays a large role in governing personality. The Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The good deal of our knowledge about how the brain influences personality comes from early studies of how brain damage impacts personality. The case of Phineas Gage demonstrates that link between the left temporal lobe and personality characteristics like working for a delayed the word, aggression, and emotional expression. Techniques like positron emission topography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MI) have also allowed us in insight into the link between the CNS and personality, as high as the study of personality changes in Alzheimer's disease.
The central nervous system (CNS) in humans is made up of the brain and spinal cord. In contrast, the peripheral nervous system includes the peripheral nerves. In the CNS, the spinal cord conducts sensory information from the peripheral nervous system…...

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References

Medline plus. Medical Encyclopedia: Central Nervous System. 15 November 2004.

 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8679.htm 

Dye, Lee. Scientists Seek Personality's Roots in Brain. ABC News, June 27, 2004. 15

November 2004.   page=1http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=97961& ;

Neurological System
The nervous system is composed of an interlocked system of neurons. The neurons conduct impulses to and from the periphery. They also interconnect with each other to deliver impulses to the various parts of the brain. Neurons generate and conduct electrical impulses by selectively changing the electrical gradient of their membrane and releasing neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters may be inhibitory or excitatory. Through time, as new skills are adapted or new information is learned, new circuits are formed. With the repetition of learned information, the new circuits undergo myelination. This enables the neurons to conduct impulses faster. The ability of the nervous system to make or break new circuits is responsible for functions of the mind. (McCance & Huether, 2010)

Visual problems can be either congenital or acquired. The most common visual disorders are errors of refraction, strabismus, cataract and retinopathies. Patients with errors of refraction can either be hypermetropic, myopic or…...

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REFERENCES:

McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2010). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children. (6th ed., p.446-694). St. Louis: Mosby.

Riordan-Eva, P., & Cunningham, E. (2011). Vaughan & asbur'ys general ophthalmology. (18th ed.). London: Mc Graw Hill.

Nervous System
The central nervous system is one of the two parts of the nervous system, which also comprises the peripheral nervous system. These two systems have different roles, functions, and location in the body, which contributes to their significant differences. The central nervous system incorporates brain nerves and spinal cord whereas all the other nerves in the human body are part of the peripheral nervous system. Since it contains brain nerves and spinal cord, the central nervous system is safely guarded in the spine's vertebral canal and the skull. Consequently, the central nervous system is one of the most important parts of the human body that is crucial to the normal functioning of an individual. Actually, the central nervous system controls most of the functions in a person's body and mind since it's made of the brain and the spinal cord ("hat is the Central Nervous System?" par, 1).

The…...

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Work Cited

"What Is the Central Nervous System?" Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation. The Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2016. .

Lead as a Toxicant to an Organ or Organ System
Lead is basically a naturally occurring toxic metal whose increased use in the recent past has contributed to widespread environmental contamination and human exposure. The naturally occurring toxic metal contributes to huge public health problems across the globe because of increased human exposure. The effects or toxicity of lead on an organ or organ system has contributed to extensive research as part of measures to develop ways of preventing these effects and minimizing human exposure to lead. One of the researches that have been carried out in the past decade includes a study by a group of researchers on the cellular impact of lead poisoning and its medical picture. Brochin et. al. (2008) carried out the study to examine the effects of lead intoxication on the nervous system, where the toxic metal has considerable detrimental effects as compared to other organ…...

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References

Brochin et. al. (2008). The Cellular Effect of Lead Poisoning and Its Clinical Picture. The Georgetown Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2).

Patel, A. (2002, January 7). How Does Lead Effect the Nervous System? Retrieved from Bryn

Mawr College website:  http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro00/web2/Patel.html

Autonomic nervous system function and depth of sedation in adults receiving mechanical ventilation.
The authors of the article were attempting to discover how the autonomic nervous system affected the depth of sedation which occurred when a patient was placed on mechanical ventilation. The reason for this concern was that patients have been known to have adverse effects due to changes in the autonomic functions during critical illness. The stated thesis of the article is to understand autonomic responses better.

This study was part of a larger study which monitored patients for a 24-hour period "in the medical respiratory and coronary care ICUs at Virginia Commonwealth University." The study chose patients who were not compromised by receiving neuromuscular blocking agents and had no scalp lacerations or skull abnormalities. The patients had to be more than 18 years old at the time of the trial. Patients heart rate variability and sedative state were constantly…...

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References

Engoren, M., & Arslanian-Engoren, C. (2009). Long-term survival in the intensive care unit after erythrocyte blood transfusion. American Journal of Critical Care, 18(2), 124-131.

Gallagher, J.J. (2010). Intra=abdominal hypertension: Detecting and managing a lethal complication of critical illness. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 21(2), 205-217.

McIe, S. Pettite, T., Pride, L., Leeper, D., & Ostrow, C.L. (2009). Transparent film dressing vs. pressure dressing after percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography. American Journal of Critical Care, 18(1), 14-19.

McKean, S. (2009). Induced moderate hypothermia after cardiac arrest. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 20(4), 343-352.

Toxins are poisonous substances that can cause harm to human beings via one or more of its physiological systems. For example, DDT is a toxin used to kill insects but which also affects the human endocrine system. Tetrodotoxin is a toxin found in the venom of animals like frogs and pufferfish, but if it enters the human nervous system can cause paralysis or death. Mercury is a naturally-occurring element like tetrodotoxin, but exposure to the cardiovascular system in human beings can cause hypertension and even worse health effects. Although each of these toxins operates differently in the body, their consequences can be grave.
Whereas DDT is a synthetic chemical compound first developed in the late 19th century, both tetrodotoxin and mercury are naturally-occurring substances. Tetrodotoxin is manufactured in the bodies of venomous animals like pufferfish and certain types of poisonous frogs and stored in their livers or sex organs. Mercury, on…...

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References

Bancroft, D. (n.d.) Venoms and the nervous system. Retrieved online:  http://bigpictureeducation.com/venoms-and-nervous-system 

Blaszczak-Boxe, A. (2014). Facts about Mercury. Live Science. Retrieved online:  http://www.livescience.com/39232-facts-about-mercury.html 

NIH (2015). Endocrine disruptors. Retrieved online: http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=65

NIOSH (n.d.). Tetrodotoxin. Retrieved online:  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750019.html

sensory cells in the human body and delves into the transmission of sensory information from various parts of the body to the central nervous system. This paper uses bona fide scholarly publications as sources for the materials presented.
Sensory Receptors

hen humans respond to various stimuli (cold, pain, heat, light, sound or touch) it is because sensory receptors have transmitted the body's response to those stimuli to the central nervous system. Sensory receptors are specialized cells that are working for humans by detecting environmental stimuli and first passing those stimuli notices to "sensory neurons," and those neurons, in turn, send the messages (information) to the brain (Central nervous system / CNS) (Darpan, 2006). So, to make it easier to picture how this works, it could be said that the sensory receptors are basically "portals through which nervous systems experience the world" (Darpan).

Types of Sensory Receptors

The "mechanoreceptors" receive stimulation from touch, and…...

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Works Cited

Darpan, P. (2006). Competition Science Vision. 8(96).

Freinkel, R.K., and Woodley, D.T. (2001). The Biology of the Skin. Boca Raton, FL: CRC

Press.

Hockenbury, DH, and Hockenbury, S.E. (2008). Psychology. New York, NY: Macmillian.

Lead and the Central Nervous System
Lead is a highly toxic substance that particularly affects the central nervous system of all people of all ages. Because of its great toxicity, much research attention has been given to these effects and how they can be mitigated. Of particular importance are the effects of lead exposure in young children. Because their central nervous system is in a rapidly developing stage, children are at particular risk when it comes to the potentially harmful effects of lead. This is then also why numerous studies have been conducted to determine the causes of lead poisoning, the effects of different levels of lead exposure, mitigation methods for these, and measures to prevent lead poisoning.

The stated purpose of Lidsky and Scheider's (2003) article, "Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates" is to suggest policy modifications that would encourage prevention methods regarding lead poisoning. The authors spend…...

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References

Flora, G., Gupta, D., and Tiwari, A. (2012, Apr. 20). Toxicity of Lead: A review with recent updates. Toxicology. 5(2). Retrieved from: http://www.versita.com/science/medicine/it/

Lidsky, T.I. And Schneider, J.S. (2003, Jan 1). Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain: A Journal of Neurology. Retrieved from:  http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/126/1/5 

World Health Organization (2010). Childhood Lead Poisoning. Retrieved from:  http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/leadguidance.pdf

Cognitive DevelopmentIn A Conversation with obert Sapolsky, the interviewee discusses the role that stress hormones play on neurons in the brain, and how they might affect the onset of Alzheimers or stress patients. His first goal in research is to understand this connection, and in his own words he states, I am trying to understand, on a cellular level, how one class of hormones released during stress can damage neurons, and what that has to do with which of us have lots of brain damage after a stroke or seizure, or who succumbs to Alzheimers (Brain Connection, n.d.). His focus is on that part of the brain used in learning and memory, and his aim is to see how stress impacts the nervous system.Once understanding that relationship between stress hormones and neurons in the brain, Sapolsky wants to focus on saving the neurons from damage due to stress-related factors. One…...

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ReferencesBrain Connection. (n.d.). A conversation with Robert Sapolsky. Retrieved from https://brainconnection.brainhq.com/library/interviews/

1. The Enduring Impact of Childhood Trauma: Exploring the Long-Term Consequences

This essay could investigate the profound and lasting effects of childhood trauma on individuals throughout their lives. It might examine the psychological, emotional, and physical health implications, as well as the impact on relationships, social functioning, and overall well-being.

2. Trauma and Resilience: Uncovering the Protective Factors that Foster Recovery

This essay could focus on the remarkable capacity of individuals to overcome and thrive despite traumatic experiences. It could explore the protective factors that contribute to resilience, such as positive coping mechanisms, supportive relationships, and personal meaning-making.

3. The Role of Culture in....

The Biopsychosocial Perspective: A Holistic Approach to Health and Well-being

The biopsychosocial perspective is a comprehensive approach to understanding health and well-being that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. This perspective recognizes that health is not merely the absence of disease but a dynamic state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

Biological Factors:

The biological component of the biopsychosocial perspective encompasses physiological processes, genetics, and neurobiological mechanisms that influence health. These factors include:

Genetic predispositions: Inherited genes play a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases.
Physiological health: Physical health refers to the overall functioning of the body's organs and....

Essay Topic 1: The Role of Chiropractic Care in Relieving Long COVID-19 Symptoms

Introduction:
Discuss the impact of long COVID-19 on patients and the potential role of chiropractic care in alleviating its symptoms. Explain how chiropractic adjustments can influence the nervous system, immune function, and musculoskeletal system.

Body Paragraphs:
1. Describe the common symptoms of long COVID-19, such as fatigue, headache, brain fog, and muscle pain.
2. Explain how chiropractic adjustments can improve nerve function, reduce inflammation, and enhance blood flow to affected areas.
3. Provide evidence from case studies or research supporting the efficacy of chiropractic care for long COVID-19 symptoms.

Conclusion:
Summarize the potential benefits of....

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have damaging effects on fetal development and lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). When a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, it crosses the placenta and enters the developing fetus's bloodstream, affecting its growth and development in various ways:

1. Alcohol interferes with the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, leading to growth restrictions and low birth weight.
2. Alcohol exposure can disrupt the development of the fetus's brain and central nervous system, resulting in cognitive and behavioral impairments, learning disabilities, and developmental delays.
3. Alcohol can cause structural abnormalities in the fetus's facial features, such as....