You may be more hospitable to a Christian-Marxian possibility.
The reason that this is the way that things stand in Marxian discussions of such issues, and that there is little argument for naturalism in Marxianism, is that Marxians, like George Santayana, who, politically speaking, was very conservative, just take it as obvious that physicalism and atheism are true (Nielsen, 1971). I think this is so too, but I realize that a good number of knowledgeable people do not, so I have in my writing about religion, my Marxianism notwithstanding, argued for naturalism. If one does not, one just side-steps argument and discussion with theists or Wittgensteinian fideists. That, for good or for ill, is where it is at in "the philosophy of religion game." I wish the philosophy of religion game would wither away (Allen, 1993). It seems to me to pose no intellectually challenging problems, but that notwithstanding, I…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allen, Barry. Truth in Philosophy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

Nielsen, Kai. Contemporary Critiques of Religion. London: Macmillan Press, 1971;

Nielsen, Kai. Reason and Practice. New York: Harper and Row, 1971, 138-257,

Rorty, Consequences of Pragmatism, xiv. He, in this famous remark, is quoting, with acknowledgment, Wilfrid Sellars, Science, Perception and Realty. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976, 19.

" shall come back as soon as I can; I shall find you here."
One more time, she gives into her biological role. During Adele's labor pains, Edna recalls her own childbirth, an event that offered very different kinds of memories of an awakening than she has now. "Edna began to feel uneasy. She was seized with a vague dread. Her own like experiences seemed far away, unreal, and only half remembered. She recalled faintly an ecstasy of pain, the heavy odor of chloroform, a stupor which had deadened sensation, and an awakening to find a little new life to which she had given being, added to the great unnumbered multitude of souls that come and go." As a result,

Edna "began to wish she had not come; her presence was not necessary. She might have invented a pretext for staying away; she might even invent a pretext now for going." However,…...

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The trouble is,' sighed the Doctor, grasping her meaning intuitively, "that youth is given up to illusions. It seems to be a provision of Nature; a decoy to secure mothers for the race. And Nature takes no account of moral consequences, of arbitrary conditions which we create, and which we feel obliged to maintain at any cost.' (110).

Thus, despite Edna's awakening and need to break free, she cannot rectify her two different sides. She cannot go back to her life as just a wife and mother, nor can she completely run away from her present life and forget her children. She remains torn between the responsibility to natural laws and to her personal needs. The only way to escape this dilemma, she believes, is in death. As she swims further and further into the Gulf, "she thought of Leonce and the children. They were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul" (114). She has not been able to overcome the hold which the biology of motherhood and the social codes of marriage have had both on her emotions as well as on the beliefs and actions of others within the life in which she functions. Ironically, it is the sea, a true part of nature, which carries Edna away for the very last time and allows her to disappear forever from her internal conflicts. In the end, according to Chopin, nature wins.

Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. New York W.W. Norton, 1976.

Naturalism in Literature
Naturalism and realism was a literary movement in the late 1800s and early 1900s which focused on trying to recreate the real world in works of fiction. Many works from the period tried to reflect the attitudes and the psychology of their society through fictional characters. During this period, women were treated very poorly by male domination and were not allowed to have power outside of their homes. The cult of domesticity was the predominant idea of the day, forcing women to stay in the home and out of the public sphere. They were not allowed to hold positions of power or to attend higher education and if they chose to do so were considered unladylike and avoided by higher society. In both Ernest Hemingway's "Hills like hite Elephants" and Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" show how repressed women of the Victorian period were by creating…...

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Works Cited:

Chopin, Kate. "The Story of an Hour." Ed. Frank Madden. Exploring Literature. Pearson: New

York, NY. 2008. Print. 35-37.

Hemingway, Ernest. "Hills Like White Elephants Complete Story" Gummyprint Web. 15 Dec.

2010. .

" (Honestly, what more needs to be said?)
Now that it has been established that both Call of the ild and "A New England Nun" have elements of both realism and local order, it's time to present them in terms of their most powerful literary attribute, categorically speaking (of the three aforementioned literary categories): naturalism. As mentioned, naturalism in literature is the notion that social conditions, heredity, and environment unalterably impact and shape human character. Both Buck and Louisa are limited and forged by the social conditions that surround them, their heredity and environment.

Buck's transformation from a semi-slothful house pet to a high-octane sled dog is prompted not by his own free-will - Buck never really decides to become the leader of the pack - but by his subjugation. hen Buck is taken in by his new owners and they force him to pull a sled, he has very little recourse.…...

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Works Cited

London, Jack. Call of the Wild. Norwood Mass: Norwood Press, 1903. Print.

Wilkins, Mary. A New England Nun. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1891. Web.

This is another example of how truthfulness and realism are not always synonymous. The naturalness of the bathers is shown by making the lines of their bodies similar to the lines of the natural landscape.
Henri Matisse's "The Joy of Life" is not even an arrangement of posed figures like Cezanne and Picasso's works of art, rather it is a cacophony of color and the rounded, nude sensual female figures engage in various activities all over the canvas. The truth of the joy of life is not represented in a singular principle of beauty, or a clear, narrative scene or pose, but in an almost confetti-like fashion of figures. Over Matisse's canvas different women, some with faces, some without faces, engage in traditional activities of joy, like dancing in a circle or playing the pan pipes. These activities might be also found in Renaissance paintings, but the level of enthusiasm…...

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Works Cited

Stokstad, Marilyn. (2005). Art History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.

Idealism refers to the people who claim to be idealists in the popular sense are often convinced that the world is beautiful, everybody is good and you can adopt high ideas and adhere to them. It is also a theory that asserts that reality is ideas, though, mind or selves rather than material forces. There may be a single or absolute Mind or a plurality of minds. It also stresses the mental or spiritual aspects of experience. Naturalism on the other hand is the view of reality that nature alone is real. There is no supernatural source of nature. It implies that man's values and ideas are the product of evolution and therefore, only an expression of the needs of the human species in the world of here and now.
The contrast between naturalism and idealism and also the meaning of this words cause many a misunderstanding and only through laziness…...

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References

Cross, Troy. "Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2003.07.14." World Without

Design: The Ontological Consequences of Naturalism. 2003. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. 9 Feb. 2005 .

Honer, Stanley, and Thomas Hunt. Invitation to Philosophy. Belmont, California: Wadsworth

Publishing Company, Inc., 1968

Analyze how the term "absurdism" is depicted in the play, Proof, by David Auburn and provide 3 specific examples from the play

However, the subject of the play is also fundamentally absurdist as well as naturalistic, as "Proof" is also a debate revolving around the ownership of ideas. The idea of owning an idea is a kind of fiction, as ideas come from previous ideas, just like parents give birth to children. The level of debate and concern over issues that have little significance to anyone's real life, outside of mathematicians, also seems absurd, especially given the gravity of the situation for Robert's family about the loss of his mind, a dilemma as pressing as any issues over mathematical ownership, proof and speculation.

The non-mathematical viewer is forced to ask, surely his life, his daughter's life, and the relationship between the family members should be more important than the mathematical proof --…...

Her means of survival becomes how she responds to the violence and abuse she encounters on a daily basis.
Maggie's choices are made as the result of something that happens to her. She never makes a decision without being forced to make it either by some act of violence or other negative experience. hile she attempts to turn her life around with Pete, we see that she can only get so far because she allows herself to become dependent upon him. hile things look positive for a while, hope vanishes when Pete ends the relationship and Maggie is once again forced to do something as a reaction to a bad experience rather than make a choice in response to the good things that are happening in her life. Maggie's life ends with a dark message about life and how some individuals will never escape their harsh environment and they will…...

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Works Cited

Crane, Stephen. Maggie, A Girl of the Streets. New York: Signet Classics. 1991.

Naturalism
Richard Wright's novel "Native Son" is one of the best descriptions of black people's life back in 1930 ies. The author has made an outstanding literature work revealing to the reader the racist persecutions of blacks with the help of naturalism. Naturalism in this book is seen through showing the reality just as it is, without any "embellishments." The reader sees the truth of the character's life "nude," without any covers on it, he can smell the dirt and feel the hopeless poverty. From the very beginning the influence of naturalism on this book can be easily observed. The author does not give the reader even a tiny hope that he will get an "illusion" of happiness he so much had used to. The novel consists of three parts: "Fear," "Fight," and "Fate." This structure, used by Wright, is very suitable for the use of naturalism in his novel.…...

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Bibliography:

Wright, Richard "Native Son" Perennial 1987

Flaubert / Dostoevsky
Examples of Naturalism and Symbolism in Madame Bovary

In Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary, the narratorial voice carefully avoids direct comment upon the story. Flaubert maintains a tension between Naturalism and Symbolism by leaving it up to the reader to determine if certain episodes are intended to be read symbolically. Flaubert's contemporary readers, however, found the book scandalous -- in some sense, Flaubert's determination to present certain aspects of reality directly was understood as almost obscene. This certainly links him with the goals of the literary movement of Naturalism, which presented human life as being socially determined and a product of heredity and environment, and did not flinch in presenting disgusting details. But Flaubert's goals as an artist are bigger than those of mere Naturalism: the episode in which the adulterous title character experiences a sudden interest in religion demonstrates this.

We may observe that Flaubert seems to be writing almost…...

John Rawls / Mencius
John Rawls's A Theory of Justice is concerned with distributive rather than retributive justice: there is precious little discussion of crime and punishment in Rawls's magnum opus, but plenty of discussion about equality and fairness. Rawls seems to be embarked on a Kantian ethical project of establishing universal principles, but his chief concern is to establish his principles without requiring, as Kant does, an appeal to God as the ultimate guarantor of the moral necessity of his conclusions. In place of God, Rawls offers a thought experiment, which he calls the "Original Position." The reader is asked to imagine himself or herself before birth, being offered a comprehensive survey of the different types of lives into which he or she could potentially be born. Rawls wants the reader to consider whether the available permissible options in a given society are, in themselves, an existing critique of the…...

ince neither of those explanations is likely (let alone knowable), philosophical naturalists would have to doubt that the universe exists at all; yet, very clearly, it does. The most likely explanation for the existence of the universe is simply that some force or consciousness (i.e. God) caused whatever the so-called "first cause" of existence was.
The second major philosophical assumption of philosophical naturalism presupposes that all philosophical postulates must, necessarily, fit the scientific model. However, that supposition clearly closes off many possible explanations simply because they may lie outside of human understanding. Again, that position is an a priori assumption that also violates the first major philosophical assumption of philosophical naturalism. In essence, it suggests that scientific concepts provide the only possible set of tools for understanding phenomena, including phenomena that obviously defy scientific explanation such as miracles and faith. Most importantly, it automatically (and in a manner that is…...

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Sources Consulted

Friedman, M. (1997). "Philosophical Naturalism." Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association. Accessed online, October 15, 2011, from:

 http://galileo.fcien.edu.uy/philosophical_naturalism.htm 

Hawking, S. (1990). A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. Bantam Publishing: New York.

egionalism, Naturalism, ealism, and Modernism --
egionalism, Naturalism, ealism and Modernism

eview of "Cat in the ain" by Ernest Hemingway and "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin

Cat in the ain by Ernest Hemingway and the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin

Cat in the ain and The Story of an Hour are short and straightforward pieces of literary work. The titles apparently leave little to imagination behind the concept of the stories, but in reality there is something important going on within these stories.

Hashemi and Ahmadi (2010) comment that Cat in the ain is the story of an American couple who are on holiday in Italy. It is centered on a young female fixating on a cat trapped in the drizzle. Her husband, in contrast, is not in the least inclined to accede to her wish. The title has been mysterious; we are led to ask ourselves, just why this…...

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REFERENCES

Hashemi, M. R., & Ahmadi, H. S. (2010). A Cross-Cultural Analysis Of Hemingway's Cat In The Rain For The Iranian EFL Context. Journal of Lingusitic Intercultural Education, Vol 3, 101. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com

Eident, M. (2014, February 27). Character Analysis of "The Story of an Hour." Retrieved March 14, 2016, from Academia:  https://www.academia.edu 

Higham, J., & Guarneri, C. (2001). The Reorientation of American Culture in the 1890s [1965]. In J. H. Guarneri, Hanging Together: Unity and Diversity in American Culture. Connecticut: Yale University Press.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is perhaps the best example of Realism in literature because of how Twain presents it to us. Morality becomes something that Huck must be consider and think out as opposed to something forced down his throat. He knows the moral thing to do would be to report Jim, noting, " "People would call me a low down abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum -- but that don't make no difference. I ain't agoing to tell" (Twain 269). Furthermore, he cannot send Miss atson his letter he because his friendship with Jim trumps the morality he knows. Similarly, Jim wrestles with issues of good vs. bad. This is evident because of they way he decides to escape. He even begins to understand what Huck is going through when Huck does not turn him in. His revelation forces him to realize that Huck is "de bes'…...

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Works Cited

Crane, Stephen. Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. New York: Random House. 2001.

The Red Badge of Courage. New York: Aerie Books Ltd. 1986.

Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men and Cannery Row. New York: Penguin Books. 1986.

Clemens, Samuel. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Lauter, Paul, ed. Lexington D.C. Heath and Company. 1990.

3).
The naturalist position is further "bolstered" by a fundamental faith in the veracity of sensory inputs and human cognitive processes, a faith that is woefully misplaced. In fact, the naturalist belief in random evolution undermines any belief in the ability of human senses to derive truth about the workings of the universe (Plantinga 2). Those who believe in a supernatural deity often believe that said deity imbued human beings with the ability to acquire and understand knowledge. If this is the case, it is possible for human beings to use their minds to discern the nature of reality. But if instead humans are simply the product of randomly accrued changes through natural selection, then there can be no such guarantee. Our physical senses and cognitive processes wouldn't have developed with reliability in mind, but rather with survivability. The mind or the senses are only important, in the naturalist context,…...

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Works Cited

Dubray, C.A. "Naturalism." Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. X. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1991. 3 Mar. 2007  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10713a.htm .

Johnson, Phillip E. "Evolution as Dogma: The Establishment of Naturalism." Access Research Network. 1990. 3 Mar. 2007 http://www.arn.org/docs/johnson/pjdogma1.htm.

Plantinga, Alvin. "Naturalism Defeated." Calvin College. 1994. 3 Mar. 2007 http://www.calvin.edu/academic/philosophy/virtual_library/articles/plantinga_alvin/naturalism_defeated.pdf.

Popper, Karl. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Routledge, 2002.

## Literary Analysis Essay Topics for "Désirée's Baby" by Kate Chopin

1. The Role of Race and Identity in "Désirée's Baby"

Explore the complex racial dynamics at play in the story, considering how they shape the characters' identities, motivations, and relationships.
Examine the significance of the baby's ambiguous race and how it reflects societal prejudices and the fluidity of racial categories in the antebellum South.

2. Desire and the Destruction of Innocence

Analyze the destructive power of desire in the story, particularly in relation to Désirée's desire for motherhood and Armand's desire for a white child.
Consider the ways in which their....

1. A Comparison of Realism in the Works of Balzac and Zola: Analyzing the depiction of society and human nature in their novels.

2. The Influence of Social Class on Character Development in Balzac's and Zola's Novels: Exploring how societal structures shape the behavior and decisions of their protagonists.

3. The Portrayal of Women in Balzac and Zola: Examining the role of gender and femininity in their works and how it reflects the social norms of the time.

4. The Use of Naturalism in Zola's Works and its Contrast with Balzac's Realism: Analyzing how Zola's focus on determinism and environmental influences differs from....

Balzac and Zola: Literary Mirrors of French Society

Introduction:
Honoré de Balzac and Émile Zola, towering figures in French literature, left an enduring mark on the literary and social landscape of 19th-century Europe. Both novelists were pivotal in the development of realism, a literary movement that aimed to depict life as it was, without idealization or artifice. This essay will delve into the complexities and thought-provoking ideas explored by Balzac and Zola in their works.

Balzac's Human Comedy: A Panoramic Tapestry of French Society

Balzac's monumental work, "The Human Comedy," is a vast literary panorama that spans the social hierarchy of France during the....