" In short, when it comes to the First Amendment, greater issues are at stake beyond the immediate interests of the corporations in question. There must be a compelling state interest to limit freedom of expression.
Why doesn't it make a difference whether the corporate speech is about matters that materially affect its business interests?
It is not the state's place to regulate when and if First Amendment rights apply in certain areas. Rather: "Freedom of discussion, if it would fulfill its historic function in this nation, must embrace all issues about which information is needed or appropriate to enable the members of society to cope with the exigencies of their period.... The inherent worth of the speech in terms of its capacity for informing the public does not depend upon the identity of its source, whether corporation, association, union, or individual." The right to express one's political views was held to…...
mlaMassachusetts cited the state's interest in maintaining the confidence of the people in the democratic populace, and stated that the interests of natural persons under the law were "endangered by corporate participation in discussion of a referendum issue," assuming that corporations could "exert an undue influence on the outcome of a referendum vote" because they are so wealthy and powerful. However, the court noted that "there has been no showing that the relative voice of corporations has been overwhelming or even significant in influencing referenda in Massachusetts or that there has been any threat to the confidence of the citizenry in government"
What is Rehnquist's fundamental argument?
Although for certain purposes, corporations are treated like persons, they are in no way natural persons, and in 1906 the court decided the liberty protected by that Amendment "is the liberty of natural, not artificial persons." Rehnquist believed that the original decision was correct, that "when a State creates a corporation with the power to acquire and utilize property, it necessarily and implicitly guarantees that the corporation will not be deprived of that property absent due process" but these property rights did not mean that corporations had First Amendment rights to express political views about issues that had nothing to do with profitability.
Continental Illinois National ank and Trust Company
Continental Illinois National ank
"Too ig to Fail"
The purpose of this work is to show whether or not Continental Illinois rescue and restructuring successful and if so why it was successful. Further using hindsight and consideration of Professor Kaufman's report, this work will attempt to discover if the decision to restructure was justified and explain why or why not. Furthermore, this work will attempt to discover to what extent did the OCC contribute to the management failing of Chairman and CEO, Mr. Roger E. Anderson & the management team of Continental Illinois and what short- and long-term benefits were expected to raise from appointing David Taylor as the new CEO and Edward ottum as President in the run-up to the restructuring of Continental Illinois. Finally the current status of Continental Illinois will be examined, the main sectors of banking and how these sectors have changed…...
mlaBibliography
Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company (1984) Chicago Illinois Online at: http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/managing/history2-04.pdf
Kaufman, George (1993, 2002) Bank Runs Encyclopedia of Business Online at: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/BankRuns.html
Kaufman, George G. "Bank Runs: Causes, Benefits and Costs." Cato Journal 2, no 3. (Winter 1988): 559-88.
Kaufman, George G. "Banking Risk in Historical Perspective." In Research in Financial Services, vol. 1, edited by Kaufman. 1989.
Google: Don't Be Evil Unless Case Study
In general, the article concentrates on the growth and development of Google right from its original operations within a garage in Silicon Valley in the year 1998 to advancing into one of the most powerful technology-driven corporations in the globe. This particular case study places emphasis on ethical issues that encompass Google. However, whereas this is the basis of the case study, the author does restrict suppositions and offers context that appears to be factual. The author offers a depiction that displays how the Google organization has influenced technology innovations to attain better access to individual users, which, in several cases are more than eager to trade discretion for suitability and free access to competences. There are a number of elements discussed within the case study, including the privacy of individuals, the legal use of maintaining and preserving information conveyed or communication through Gmail,…...
mlaReferences
Balnaves, M., Donald, S., Shoesmith, B. (2009). Media theories and approaches: a global perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmilan.
Rosoff, M. (2011). This Is What Google REALLY Meant by "Don't Be Evil." Business Insider. Retrieved 25 January 2016 from: http://www.businessinsider.com/when-google-said-dont-be-evil-this-is-what-it-meant-2011-8
Regulation of anks
anks are an important aspect of any modern economy. They provide financing for commercial businesses, access to payment systems and a variety of financial services for the economy as a whole. The integral role that banks play in the national economy is demonstrated by the need for and practice of banking regulation and as part of the lessons learnt from the recent global financial crisis, provides a government safety net to compensate depositors when banks fail thus providing depositor protection.[footnoteRef:1] One of the main reasons why banking regulation is vital is because of systemic risks; the risk that financial difficulties at one or more banks spill over to a large number of other banks or the financial system as a whole. Systemic risks were traditionally bank -- based. ank regulators traditionally focused on systemic risk in the banking sector while securities regulators traditionally focused on investor protection and…...
mlaBibliography
Allen, F. And Douglas, G. 2000. Comparing Financial Systems. MIT Press: Cambridge. MA.
Barth, J.R.., Caprio, G. And Levine, R. 2001. "Banking Systems Around the Globe:
Do Regulations and Ownership Affect Performance and Stability?" In Prudential Supervision: What Works and What Doesn't, ed. Frederic S. Mishkin. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL.
Boyd, J.H., Chun, C. And Smith, B.D. 1998. Moral Hazard Under Commercial and Universal Banking. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking. 30: 426-468.
BCCI: Evolution of International Banking
BCCI was a key international bank founded by Agha Hassan Abedi and Swaleh Naqvi, his assistant, in 1972 (APFN 1). The bank was headquartered in London and Karachi, though registered in Luxemburg, and had 400 branches spread across seventy-eight countries in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas (Markham 174). By 1991, BCCI had amassed assets in excess of twenty billion U.S. dollars, and was, by this measurement, the seventh largest bank in the world (Markham 174). Pakistani ISI transformed BCCI into the biggest ever clandestine money network, which resulted in the ignoble closure of the bank's worldwide operations in a scam that illustrated "the disastrous effects of deficient supervision of the international banking system" (Laifer 467).
Pre-BCCI
Concerns regarding the international banking standards started to be raised in 1974, after the failure of prominent banking institutions in the U.S. And Europe (Markham 174). Each of the affected nations'…...
mlaWorks Cited
APFN. " The BCCI Affair." APFN, 1992. Web. 24 February 2014 http://www.apfn.org/apfn/bcci.htm
Laifer, Daniel. "Putting the Super Back in the Supervision of International Banking, Post-BCCI." Fordham Law Review 60.6 (1992): 467-500. Print.
Markham, Jerry. A financial History of the United States: From Christopher Columbus to the Robber Barons: from the Age of Derivatives into the New Millennium (1970-2001). Vol. 3. New York M.E. Sharpe, 2002. Print.
" (p.3)
Despite its problems and issues, single-payer system is still a reasonably good answer to healthcare insurance problems in the U.S. However there are some changes we might need to introduce in order improve single-payer system and to minimize the problems associated with national healthcare insurance. Instead of completely replacing it with multi-payer insurance system, countries like South Africa and Australia have adopted another measure. This measure is meant to improve single-payer system while still fully retaining it. These countries have introduced expansion in the role played by private insurance companies. This means while everyone has access to healthcare with single-payer system, if they still need additional benefits, they can buy private insurance. Preker et al. (2) explains: "Expanding the role of private insurance alongside a universal single-payer insurer is one way of balancing the tradeoffs between single and multi-payer insurance systems….Private insurance coverage can accommodate consumer needs that are…...
mlaReferences
Steven R. Machlin, MS and Kelly Carper, Med. National Health Care Expenses in the U.S. Civilian Non-institutionalized Population, 2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey November 2006
John C. Goodman, Gerald L. Musgrave, Devon M. Herrick, Lives at risk: National Center for Policy Analysis (U.S.) Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.; 1 edition (August 28, 2004)
Alexander S. Preker; John Langenbruner (Editor) Spending Wisely: Buying Health Services for the Poor. "World Bank Publications; 1 edition (June 2005)
Overview of the Uninsured in the United States: An analysis of the 2005 Current Population Survey. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ASPE ISSUE BRIEF September 22, 2005 http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/05/uninsured-cps/index.htm
Baran and Sweezy agreed with Veblen's primary thesis about the "subdued conflict between workmanship and salesmanship," in which workmanship is being pursued in the interests of sales of often superfluous goods rather than those that are socially necessary. Baran and Sweezy went so far as to say that Veblen's view of the matter (published in 1923) "as a description of the situation in the 1950s and 1960s... is 100 per cent on target." (O'Hara, Anthony, 2004)
Under monopoly capitalism, true innovation, according to Veblen, is often separated from sales and profit. The engineers produce innovations that can be used by the whole community and the capitalists often destroy technological progress. Baran and Sweezy stress the sabotage of this industry by businesses wasting capitalism such as planned obsolescence, where engineers design a product, light globes, and other commodities that will break down after a certain length of time or use. Another…...
mlaReferences
Fahrer, Marion. (2005, February 1). "The innovation outlook: Graham Fletcher, a senior executive with IBM, one of the world's leading technology originators, examines the latest technologies and those ahead, as a new on-demand era of innovation emerges.(Innovation Supplement)," Journal of Banking and Financial Services.
O'Hara, Phillip Anthony;Sherman, Howard Jay. (2004, December 1) "Veblen and Sweezy on monopoly capital, crises, conflict, and the state.," Journal of Economic
Issues.
Report shows Europe has trouble narrowing economic gap with United States," AP
CIBC
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is one of the "Big Five" Canadian banks. It was founded in 1961 by the merger of the Canadian Bank of Commerce (founded 1867) and the Imperial Bank of Canada (founded 1875). Today, the CIBC is the fifth-largest of these by total revenue, earning $12.09 billion in FY2010 (PC, 2011). This report will evaluate the CIBC in terms of a number of different factors in order make a judgment about the merits of investing in the bank's stock. The analysis will comprise of an industry analysis, a company analysis, and a valuation analysis.
According to the company's 2011 Annual Report, the CIBC earned total revenue of $12.249 billion in FY2011. This was split between interest income (51.8%) and non-interest income (48.2%). From this, the bank earned a net income of $3.079 billion. The recession years of 2008 and 2009 saw a sharp decline in…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Alexander, D. (2010). CIBC may have C$211 million debt writedown in third quarter, Mihelic says. Bloomberg. Retrieved April 2, 2012 from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-22/cibc-may-have-c-211-million-debt-writedown-in-third-quarter-mihelic-says.html
CIBC 2011 Annual Report. Retrieved April 2, 2012 from
Commonwealth Bank of Australia
etail Banking Service
Premium Business Services
Wealth Management
Marketing Strategies at CBA
Suggestions
Competitor Analysis
National Australia Bank
Australian and New Zealand Banking Group
Western Pacific Bank
Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Mobile Application
One Stop Solution
Commonwealth Bank of Australia
Commonwealth Bank of Australia:
Headquartered in Sydney, Australia, Commonwealth Bank of Australia or CBA is one of the four large banks of Australia. The bank was established in 1911 as a government bank, since then, it has seen tremendous growth. Today, Commonwealth Bank of Australia is a multinational bank with operations across United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Fiji, New Zeeland and Asia. The bank got privatized in 1996, with issuances of shares worth 1.2 Billion USD in 1991, 1.7 Billion USD in 1993, and 5 Billion USD in 1996. As of January, 2008, Commonwealth Bank of Australia was the second largest Australian listed company on Australian Stock Exchange (Commbank.com.au, 2014).
Commonwealth Bank of Australia is also regarded as the Commbank,…...
mlaReferences:
Anz.com. 2014. Personal - Online Banking | ANZ. [online] Available at: / [Accessed: 29 Mar 2014].http://www.anz.com/personal
Commbank.com.au. 2014. Personal - Commonwealth Bank. [online] Available at: / [Accessed: 29 Mar 2014].https://www.commbank.com.au
Commbank.com.au. 2014. Tools - Commonwealth Bank. [online] Available at:
Making loans to high-risk borrowers, engaging in risk or faulty investments, and otherwise managing money in a sloppy way is a surefire way to get derision from regulatory bodies and/or the public. The figures for the competition bear out that remaining in proper fiscal shape in banking operations is possible even during these uncertain times and there is no reason why egions Bank cannot do the same.
Over the next twelve quarters, customer service initiatives to drive and retain recurring business are important as this is the best thing egions Bank can do to get some breathing room. Attracting high-quality borrowers that are willing to borrow money during uncertain times is also important and at a premium nowadays. A barrier to both of these ideas is that people often become paralyzed and are hesitant to make major fiscal decisions in the midst of economic uncertainty. The potential loss of a…...
mlaReferences
Annual 10(k). (2011). Birmingham, AL: Regions Bank.
Competition. (2012). Online: Bankers GPS.
Forecast With Drift. (2012). Online: Bankers GPS.
Forecast With No Drift. (2012). Online: Bankers GPS.
Federal eserve Bank
Financial services as an industry has progressed to become one of the widely transforming sectors of the global economy, having significant changes in information transference and processing, innovation in terms of commodities and processes, and rapid competition among the financial institutions -- among themselves and also among their several customers. The industry and its part in the transformations in the economy show that the supervising and regulatory structure also needs to be reevaluated periodically. The aim of bank regulation is mostly the same -- to attain maximum static and dynamic efficiency levels in the midst of a politically and economically permissible framework which is stable and equal. However the profits are always associated with a cost by means of stability and equity. A more stable and equal financial system usually need sacrifices with regard to efficiency. (Saunders, p. 3)
A properly functioning, effective banking system is necessary for the…...
mlaReferences
Federal Reserve System. Encyclopedia Article. Accessed on 7 May, 2005http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574452/Federal_Reserve_System.html
FR 2644- Weekly Report of Selected Assets. Accessed on 7 May, 2005http://www.chicagofed.org/banking_information/financial_institute_reports_fr2644_instructions_and_worksheets.cfm
FR 2900 Commercial Banks -- the Federal Reserve Board. WhichCategory=4 Accessed on 7 May, 2005http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/reportforms/ReportDetail.cfm?WhichFormId=FR_2900cb& ;
Garbade, Kenneth D. Recent Innovations in Treasury Cash Management. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Current Issues in Economics and Finance. Vol: 10; No; 11; pp: 2-11.
Compensation in Wachovia Bank's Base Employee Tier
Bank Teller Pay
Compensation in Wachovia Bank's Base Employee Tier
Banking Industry Practices
etention ates for Tellers
Opportunity Cost for Promotion
Enabling Cross-Selling
Consideration of Drawbacks
Compensation of tellers at Wachovia Bank is closely tied to turnover rates. Employee turnover is costly because resources must be expended to replace employees who leave. ecruitment and training can be expected to be approximately one-third of an employee's salary. In the banking industry, the turnover rate for tellers also impacts the bank's ability to efficaciously cross-sell investment products. High turnover rates of promotable employees contribute to increased expenditures by the human resources department since searches must be orchestrated with outside executive search consultants. The banking industry is in survival mode. In order for Wachovia Bank to survive in this industry, we must take care of our frontline. The frontline of Wachovia Bank is our tellers. A recommendation to implement a tiered increase in teller…...
mlaReferences
Careers: Teller, (2011). Wells Fargo / Wachovia [Web] Retrieved https://www.wellsfargo.com/careers/fit/opportunities/teller
Hourly rate snapshot for bank teller jobs, PayScale. (n.a., n.d.) [Web] Retrieved http;//www.payscale.com/research/U.S./Job=Bank_Teller/Hourly_Rate
Looking for research on the cost of staff turnover? (2011). LinkedIn. [Discussion] Retrieved http://www.linkedin.com/answers/management/business-analytics/MGM_ANA/
612746-20209499 [Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) in the UK]
Contributions of Mohamed Talaat Pasha Harb to Egypt’s National Development and Banking System
Brief Biography
Born on 25th November, 1867 in Cairo’s El- Gammalia, Mohamed Talaat Pasha Harb is considered one among the greatest personalities who contributed to Egypt’s overall national growth and development. He studied art, science, economics, literature, and French. After acquiring a law degree, he commenced his career in the role of translator in the Royal Circuits’ Lawsuits Section, responsible for state- owned farmland. Though favoring free enterprise, he was quick to climb the rungs of the career ladder, landing the position of lawsuits section manager (53-75)3.
His subsequent posts as manager were at various organizations including Kom Ombo Company (a firm that actively reclaimed and sold land) and the Egyptian Real- Estate Company (where he ensured citizens of Egypt held most of the shares). He penned numerous books, including “The Economic Remedy of Egypt and Creating the bank for Egyptians…...
Forming a ank Holding Company - Structure, Governance, and Regulations
Understanding anks
Forming and Expanding a ank Holding Company
Financial Holding Company Requirements
HC Regulations
Capital uilding Options for ank Holding Companies
Pros and Cons of Forming a ank Holding Company
Stocks and Governance
Corporate Governance and anking Law
The Role of ank and Holding Company Audit Committees
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Forming a ank Holding Company - Structure, Governance, and Regulations
This research paper describes the process of forming a bank holding company in the United States. The behavior of a bank holding company is strongly linked to the success of the banks it holds. Therefore, if business leaders can pinpoint how to set up a successful holding structure, they may have a better chance of successfully progressing their business.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Over the past few decades, the banking industry has undergone some difficult economic times. In the 1980s, banks were failing, and capital…...
mlaBibliography
Adams, Renee. Mehran, Hamid. (April 2003). Is Corporate Governance Different for Bank Holding Companies? Economic Policy Review, Volume 9, Number 1.
Bankers Online. (2003). Regulation Y. Retrieved from the Internet at http://www.bankersonline.com/regs/225/225-82.html .
Baxter, Thomas. (March, 2003). Governing the Financial or Bank Holding Company: How Legal Infrastructure Can Facilitate Consolidated Risk Management. Federal Reserve Bank of New York: March 2003, Volume 9, Number 3.
Clodfelter, Mark. (February 27, 2003). U.S. Department of State.
When the Employer Sanctions provision of the Immigration Reform and Control ct of 1985 was passed by Congress, there followed widespread discrimination against foreign-looking merican workers, especially sians and Hispanics. Failure to carry a national I.D. card would likely come to be viewed as cause for search, detention or arrest of minorities. The stigma and humiliation of constantly having to prove that they are mericans or legal immigrants would weigh heavily on such groups.
On the other hand Bolton (2010) reports Senate Democratic Whip Dick Durbin (Ill.), calculates mericans have become more comfortable with the idea of a national identification card. "The biometric identification card is a critical element here," Durbin said. "For a long time it was resisted by many groups, but now we live in a world where we take off our shoes at the airport and pull out our identification. People understand that in this vulnerable world,…...
mlaAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). 2003. 5 problems with national id cards. ACLU, 8, September, (accessed August 4, 2010)http://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty-/5-problems-national-id-cards
Alexander Bolton. 2010. Dems spark alarm with call for national ID card. The Hill, 30, April, (accessed August 4, 2010)http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/95235-democrats-spark-alarm-with-call-for-national-id-card
Alexander Bolton. 2010. Dems spark alarm with call for national ID card. The Hill, 30, April,
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