NASA Budgetary Analysis
Payroll Forecast

As with any massive bureaucratic entity in which thousands of employees work collaboratively on hundreds of individual projects, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) devotes a healthy percentage of its annual budget to maintaining its permanent and temporary workforce. With an annual operating budget of approximately $17.8 billion for fiscal year 2013, calculating the exact amount paid as compensation to employees is a difficult prospect, but using conservative estimates which take into account budget items like Space Operations ($4 billion) and Cross-Agency Support ($2.8 billion), it is likely that NASA spends well in excess of $12 billion per year on salaries, pensions, and other employee-generated costs. This figure aligns with previous estimates made by NASA in fiscal year 2006, when the agency stated in its annual NASA Office of the Inspector General budget request that

"82.7% of the proposed budget is dedicated to personnel and related costs,…...

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References

Calmes, J. (2010). "National aeronautics and space administration: FY 2013 president's budget request summary." Retrieved from  http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/659660main_NASA_FY13_Budget_Estimates-508-rev.pdf 

U.S. Senate, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (2012). Priorities, plans, and progress of the nation's space program (Senate Hearing 112-576). Retrieved from U.S. Government Printing Office website:   112shrg76351/html/CHRG-112shrg76351.htmhttp://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG -

" (Wong, Desai, Madsen, Ciavarelli, 2005) The notion regarding NASA from outside observers was that the culture within NASA was not reflective of the aforementioned, underlying fabric that governs relationships and unites a workforce toward achieving a common goal.
The practice of change leadership is important to the overall contiguous development and success of programs within NASA. As leadership within successful programs are able to transition to new programs within NASA, new methodologies and a more comprehensive framework that governs and directs the operations of a particular operation become inherent to the operations and administrative fabric of the organization. Management than only needs to ensure that those requiring further training are able to receive training and that process management techniques are adhered to and findings from the results are implemented.

Ostensibly, the human resources deficiency and the design failures that have led to the problems associated with events of disaster or delay…...

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References

Backes-Gellner, U. (2004). Personnel economics: An economic approach to human resource management.Germany, Mering: Rainer Hampp Verlag. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/201559236?accountid=13044 

BROAD, W.J. (1990, Sep 09). Staff problems threaten NASA's goals, critics say. New York Times, pp. A.1-A.1. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/427805807?accountid=13044 

Levine, A.L., Shafritz, J.M., McCurdy, H.E., Lambright, W.H., & Logsdon, J.M. (1992). The future of the U.S. space program: A public administration critique. Public Administration Review, 52(2), 183-183. Retrieved fromhttp://search.proquest.com/docview/197162435?accountid=13044

Maier, M. (2002). Ten years after A major malfunction...: Reflections on "the challenger syndrome." Journal of Management Inquiry, 11(3), 282-282-292. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/203308134?accountid=13044

NASA and the U.S. Space Program
hy did we go through all of the trouble of landing on the moon in the first place?

Going to the moon was more about the culture and events that were occurring during the 1960s than anything else. hen Kennedy announced in 1961 that the U.S. would put a man on the moon, it was more about the Cold ar and showing up the Soviets than merely for scientific discovery. "So we decided to engage in this major scientific and technological endeavor and prove to the world that we were second to none," Roger Launius, the curator of the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum stated (Lamb, 2012). Most of the top scientist in the United States were not at all concern with the moon mission and had other priorities that they felt were more important.

Besides the purely political motivations, it could be said that we…...

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Works Cited

Lamb, R. (2012, October 6). Why Did We Go To the Moon? Retrieved from Discovery News:  http://news.discovery.com/space/private-spaceflight/why-did-we-go-to-the-moon.htm

S. In closing consider that our ability to navigate out of one of the world recessions in 0 years is a result of the cash management and global funding concepts attained during space program development (Maitner Jr., Otero, 58, 59). For America to forfeit this lead and allow for the industrialization of space by another nation (Williamson, 406, 407) is to allow these many strengths of our nation to lapse. The bottom line is that for America to retain its leadership in the world and also learn how to manage its increasing complexity from an economic standpoint, the many lessons learned from investing in space exploration and programs are well worth it.
eferences

S Arepalli, H Fireman, C Huffman, P Moloney, and et al. "Carbon-Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Technologies for Spaceflight Applications. " JOM 57.12 (2005): 26-31.

Bielski, L.. "Telepresence: costly, but very cool. " American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal 100.4 (2008):…...

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References

S Arepalli, H Fireman, C Huffman, P Moloney, and et al. "Carbon-Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Technologies for Spaceflight Applications. " JOM 57.12 (2005): 26-31.

Bielski, L.. "Telepresence: costly, but very cool. " American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal 100.4 (2008): 50-52.

Fischetti, Mark a., and Herbert, Evan. "The Space-Age Materials Challenge/the Art and Science of Ergonomics/Superproject Management" IEEE Spectrum 20.9 (1983): 65-69.

Henry R. Hertzfeld. "Measuring the Economic Returns from Successful NASA Life Sciences Technology Transfers. " Journal of Technology Transfer

NASA Value Chain Analysis
NASA

Inbound

Space

Outbound

Public / Fundraising

Materials

Operations

Relations

NASA Infrastructure

Human Resources Management

R& D

NASA Operations Procurement

NASA From an Outsourcing Consultant's Perspective

From an outsourcing consultant's perspective, NASA is absolutely rife for opportunities that could both grow the off-site provider and increase NASA's core competencies and successes.

NASA's vision is "to improve life here, extend life to there, and to find life beyond." Its mission is "to understand and protect our home planet; to explore the Universe and search for life; and to inspire the next generation of explorers." (www.nasa.gov)

Some commentators and critics such as Mark Wade observe that NASA has really reeled from a 'stop-start' approach to its human spaceflight programs. For instance, the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn family of launch vehicles were dumped in 1970 after billions of dollars had been expended on their development. Then in 2004 the U.S. Government proposed eventually replacing the Shuttle with a Crew Exploration Vehicle that would permit NASA…...

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Bibliography

 http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/rtf_flash/index_noaccess.html 

 http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/104084main_1968main_strategi.pdf 

Reich, R.B. (2005). Plenty of knowledge work to go around. Harvard Business

Review, 83(4).

Debating NASA's Budget and Importance
As the increasingly impotent federal government lurches towards the edge of a self-imposed fiscal cliff, the public and politicians alike have largely accepted the inevitability of deep cuts to the nation's massively inflated budget. hile there is still rancorous debate over exactly how the proverbial belt should be tightened, with conservatives demanding reductions in so-called entitlement programs and liberals countering with decreased military spending, a consensus seems to have emerged regarding the budgetary necessity of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Considered by many symbol of bureaucratic waste, with billions of dollars being devoted to implausible missions and esoteric experiments, NASA has been universally targeted as an expendable asset during economic turmoil. Indeed, the most recent federal budget request for 2013 made by President Barack Obama "cuts NASA's planetary science funding from $1.5 billion to $1.2 billion, with further reductions expected in coming years" (all),…...

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Works Cited

Calmes, Jackie. "$100 Billion Increase in Deficit Is Forecast." New York Times 01 Feb 2010, A9. Print. .

Foust, Jeff. "Gingrich: NASA sits around and thinks space." Space Politics. 13, 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. .

NPR Staff. "Among The Costs Of War: Billions A Year In A.C. ." National Public Radio. Jun 25, 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. .

Rogers, Simon. "Nasa budgets: U.S. spending on space travel since 1958." Guardian [London] 01 Feb 2010. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. .

Weightlessness NASA's
This report is a review of the article in Scientific America, "A Taste of Weightlessness." As a young child I always wanted to do what the author had the opportunity to do - be an astronaut. Once in space, my visions associated with astronauts has them always smiling as they are sending back pictures of themselves to the world. They are always brushing their teeth in these shots while all the while hovering in mid -- well, is it right to say 'air.'

After a space walk, a successful return trip to earth and a landing somewhere in a Utah salt plain, my vision of a true astronaut has him sitting in the back of a convertible waving to his adoring fans during a nationally televised tickertape parade. Of course, the idea of being an astronaut also entails a congratulations visit to the White House to meet the President of…...

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References

Satleite Today (1999). ESA SEEKS VOLUNTEERS FOR WEIGHTLESSNESS EXPERIMENT. Phillips Publishing, Inc.,.

Wright, Jerry. (n.d.). Astronaut Biographies. Retrieved April 28, 2004, at  http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/ 

Zorpetta, Glenn (1999). A Taste of Weightlessness. Scientific America, 281(5), 26. November 20, 1999.

Gemini
Throughout history, the idea of modern space travel has captured the human imagination. This began when early astronomers first started looking up at the sky and wondered about the universe. By the 1950s, these ideas became more realistic with development of rockets. This set the stage for a space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. At the heart of these objectives, was to see which nation would be the first to walk on the moon. The Gemini project was critical in helping America to reach these goals. This is despite the short-term costs increases from $161 million to $242.70 million. What was learned during this process set the stage for the U.S. To go to the moon and beyond. Moreover, many of the breakthroughs helped to advance scientific understanding of the universe and the world. These ideas are still being utilized as a foundation for various…...

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References

Gemini I. (2000). NASA. Retrieved from:  http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/gemini/gemini-1/gemini-1.html 

Gemini 2. (2000). NASA. Retrieved from:  http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/gemini/gemini-2/gemini-2.html 

Gemini 3. (2000). NASA. Retrieved from:  http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/gemini/gemini-3/gemini-3.html 

Gemini 4. (2000). NASA. Retrieved from:  http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/gemini/gemini-iv/gemini-iv.html

NASA and Integrated Financial Management Project
Like most government organizations, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) passed through several stages of development and bureaucracy. Upon its creation in 1958, the agency was run with a combination of research freedom and tight management. This combination helped foster a strong, integrated organizational culture within NASA.

Since then, however, NASA has grown into ten separate research agencies situated around the country. Each agency was run as an autonomous unit, with its own vision, research tasks, staff and organizational culture.

The last few years have seen another shift in NASA's organizational culture, as the organization implements "ONE NASA," a plan to move towards a more implemented space organization.

This first part of this paper examines the current structure of NASA, and the problems that are spawned by its fragmented structure. The paper then looks at the goals, obstacles and potential benefits of the One NASA program, paying…...

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Works Cited

Bell, Mary F. (2002). NASA's Organization: Introducing NASA Personnel, Programs, and Facilities. Washington, DC: NASA Headquarters Department of Public Affairs.

Bromberg, Joan Lisa (1999). NASA and the Space Industry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Integrated Financial Management Program (2003). IFMP Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved 10 February 2003 at http://ifmp.nasa.gov/faq/faq.html.

McCurdy, Howard E. (1993). Inside NASA: High Technology and Organizational Change in the U.S. Space Program. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press

Apollo 13 analysis and diagnosis using the 1995 film "Apollo 13" starring tom hanks
Apollo 13 analysis and diagnosis

Executive summery

The exploration of the space brought a lot of excitement. The super power countries, each has sought to establish its dominance and security by exploring the space. NASA is the United States agency for exploring the space. This report has evaluated the Apollo 13 incident in view of the film that was released of the same. The discussion centers on the two groups that is the ground and space teams.

The exploration of the space began in the late 1950s. It started after the Second World War ended. It was as a result of the United States and the Soviet Union having a cold war (McCray 2013). The space exploration hence provided the arena for this competition. Hence, this was the basis for the need for an organization that would foster the challenge…...

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References

Gorn, M.H., & Aldrin, B. (2005). NASA: The complete illustrated history. Norwalk, CT: Easton

Press.

Goodloe, A.E., Person, S., & International Symposium on Nasa Formal Methods, NFM. (2012).

Nasa formal methods: Third international symposium, NFM 2011, Pasadena, CA, USA,

Case Study: NASA Collaborative Transformation AssignmentIntroductionIn recent years, there has been a growing movement towards collaborative transformation in public administration. This approach emphasizes the need for public servants to work together with citizens and other stakeholders in order to effect real change. One of the key advantages of this approach is that it helps to ensure that all voices are heard and that everyone has a stake in the outcome. Additionally, collaborative transformation can help to build trust between the government and the community, as well as improve communication and transparency. Ultimately, this approach can lead to more effective and efficient government that is better able to meet the needs of its citizens. This paper will use the NASA case study to show how collaborative transformation takes place in public administration, and it will apply a Biblical perspective to bring a Christian focus to the issue.Biblical PerspectiveOne of the best…...

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ReferencesBromberg, J. L. (2000). NASA and the Space Industry. JHU Press.Casini, A. E., Maggiore, P., Viola, N., Basso, V., Ferrino, M., Hoffman, J. A., & Cowley, A. (2018). Analysis of a Moon outpost for Mars enabling technologies through a Virtual Reality environment. Acta Astronautica, 143, 353-361.Clinton, R. G., Edmunson, J. E., Fiske, M., Effinger, M. R., Jensen, E., & Ballard, J. (2021). Overview of NASA\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Moon-to-Mars Planetary Autonomous Construction Technology (MMPACT). In ASCEND 2021 (p. 4072).Krige, J., Maharaj, A., & Callahan, A. L. (2013). NASA in the world: Fifty years of international collaboration in space. Springer.Lambright, W. H. (2014). Why Mars: NASA and the politics of space exploration. JHU Press.MacLeish, M. Y., Thomson, W. A., Moreno, N., Smith, R. B., Houston, C. W., Sognier, M., ... & Vogt, G. L. (2008). Education for the journey to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Acta Astronautica, 63(7-10), 1158-1167.Smith, M., Craig, D., Herrmann, N., Mahoney, E., Krezel, J., McIntyre, N., & Goodliff, K. (2020, March). The Artemis program: an overview of NASA\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s activities to return humans to the moon. In 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference (pp. 1-10). IEEE.

Summary of work completed

To help ensure that affected personnel had an opportunity to communicate their needs for the solution, a telephonic interview with a work coordinator at Ames Central Travel Office was conducted recently; in addition, this telephonic interview was followed by a personal visit to the Ames esearch Center in order gain a clearer understanding of the current workflow process. The end users of the solution provided very insightful suggestion as to what features they would like incorporated in the system. This meeting was highly productive and helped illuminate the numerous steps that were involved in travel request processing and administration that were unclear or unknown prior to the visit.

Because the software development team for this project is currently working on other initiatives, a meeting has been scheduled with them to discuss the scope and duration of the entire project. Preparatory to this meeting, hard copies of current travel…...

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References

Ames fact sheet. (2010). NASA. Retrieved from  http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/pdf/ 

283944 main_NASA-Ames-factsheet-2008.pdf.

Center overview. (2010). NASA. Retrieved from  

Challenger Launch Decision
JOE KILMINSTE'S ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE CHALLENGE DISASTE

On January 28, 1986, the Challenger, one of the reusable space shuttle by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA, was launched off at the John F. Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida but exploded 72 seconds after liftoff. The launch was approved and ordered by the management of the Morton Thiokol, Inc., an aerospace company, that manufactures solid propellant rocket motors for big clients, including the NASA, and per NASA's urging despite the objection of Morton Thiokol's engineers that the 30-degree F. temperature was inclement to the shuttle's boosters. The launch was a publicized event as NASA's 25th mission and had a selected teacher, Christa McAulifee and six astronauts on board. All these passengers perished (Jennings 1996).

The launch was repeatedly postponed because the engineers of Thiokol notes the failure of an O. ring assembly in the rockets they used…...

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References

Benner, L. (1996). The Challenger Launch Decision by Diane Vaughan. Book Review, International Society of Air Safety Investigators: ISASI Forum. http://www.ipri.org/Reviews/Vaughan.html

Jennings, MM. (1996). Summary of the "Challenger" Episode. Case Studies in Business Ethics, second edition. West Publishing.  http://www.calbaptist.edu/dskubik/nasa.htm 

Stubley, G. (1998). Engineers and Integrity. The Objectivist Center. http://www.ios.org/tex/gstubley_engineers-integrity.asp

Vaughan, D. (1996). The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture and Deviance at NASA.. Paperback. University of Chicago Press.

Perhaps the Puffin project could be incorporated into the Spaceship 2 project in the future by allowing the six passenger Spaceship 2 craft the unique ability to give individual passengers the option of individual exploration of space or the air.
Technology

Technologically speaking, the Spaceship 2 project represents a hybrid of humans' best technologies. Since the ship itself would be carried to high altitudes by the White Knight, it does not have to incorporate any fuel weight into the flight vehicle itself. Considerations like these allow for greater scope of development of the passenger vehicle itself, as well as a roomier, more comfortable experience. The Puffin vehicle, while environmentally friendly, would be difficult to use in space without large fuel sources or solar panels. The technologies that are being developed and tested by NASA and the Ames esearch Center are more forward-looking.

These future technologies include ion engines, which would run much…...

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References

Ames Research Center (2011). "Advanced Propulsion." White paper found online July

22, 2011 at:

 http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/teacher/lessons/contributed/thomas/Adv.prop/advprop.htm .

NASA (2011). "NASA Issues Announcement For Solar Electric Propulsion Studies."

In addition, the Rogers Commission made specific recommendations related to these issues. They suggested that NASA restructure its management system, including bringing astronauts into management positions, which will increase attention to flight safety issues. They suggested a full examination of all critical systems before conducting any more shuttle launches. They were instructed to establish an Office of Safety, Reliability and Quality control. These suggestions bring safety back to prominence in decision-making, and should downplay the effect of pressure to meet deadlines (Harwood, 1986).

The Rogers Commission also criticized NASA's communications and instructed them to devise ways that information flows from bottom to top as well as from top to bottom. In addition they expressed concern about a tendency for management to be somewhat isolated from others, further interfering with communication (Harwood, 1986). If middle management had been able to communicate effectively with upper levels in 1986, the GDSS would have heard…...

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Bibliography

Eberhart, Jonathan. 1986. "Challenger disaster muddles NASA's future." Science News, March 15.

Editorial. 2003. "Bad News Rising." Air Safety Week, Feb. 17. (Editorial, 2003)

Forrest, Jeff. 1995. "The Challenger Shuttle Disaster," in Aviation & Aerospace. Accessed via the Internet 11/1/05. http://frontpage.hypermall.com/jforrest/challenger/challenger_sts.htm

Harwood, William. Voyage Into History. CBS, 1986. Accessed via the Internet 11/1/04. http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/51Lintro.html

To begin writing an essay about upper respiratory tract infections, you want to think about the approach you want to take.  Do you want to describe upper respiratory tract infections, discuss causes of these infections, focus on symptoms, or look at different treatment methods?  Perhaps you want to do a combination of those things and write a comprehensive essay on the topic.  Next, you want to consider your audience.  Are you writing a generic essay for a lower-level course in a non-scientific discipline or is your essay for an audience that is....

Global climate change is a very interesting topic for an essay.  While the scientific evidence for climate change is extremely strong, there has been a push by many to deny or minimize the science.  This is not a science-driven approach, but an economic one.  There are negative short-term economic consequences that come with attempting to mitigate climate change. However, this position is short-sighted, as the long-term negative economic impact of climate change could be devastating.

In fact, because most climate change essays focus on the science, the economy is a great topic for....

Creating a 900-word essay on global warming is a substantial task. However, we can certainly help you get started with an outline, key points, and some sources that you can use to expand your essay.

Title:

"Global Warming: Understanding the Crisis and Seeking Solutions"

Introduction (Approx. 150 words):

• Definition of global warming.
• Brief overview of how global warming has become a critical issue in the 21st century.
• Thesis statement: This essay explores the causes, impacts, and potential solutions to global warming.

Causes of Global Warming (Approx. 250 words):

1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Explain how carbon dioxide, methane, and....

Key Symptoms of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Guide for Easy Identification

Introduction

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global pandemic, affecting millions worldwide. Understanding the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate management. This outline provides a detailed overview of the key symptoms associated with COVID-19, guiding healthcare professionals and individuals in recognizing and seeking medical attention when necessary.

Common Symptoms

Fever or Chills: A temperature above 100.4°F (38°C) or a subjective feeling of fever.
Cough: A new, persistent cough, either dry or producing mucous.
Shortness of Breath or Difficulty Breathing: A perceived lack of air or....