scholar of black life in America," W.E.B. DuBois taught and practiced sociology and became one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Although DuBois eventually broke ties with the NAACP due to important ideological differences, the scholar, author, and sociologist had a greater impact on African-American history during the early 20th century than any other person.
The mission and purpose of the NAACP is evident in the title of the organization: the advancement of colored people. Current issues the NAACP addresses include advocacy in the areas of health care and education, as well as media diversity, economic opportunity, and civic engagement. The NAACP has been instrumental in creating real change in law and policy, particularly during the Civil ights era when members like Thurgood Marshall helped to help institutionalized racism and segregation. " In 1954, Thurgood Marshall and a team of NAACP attorneys…...
mlaReferences
"NAACP Legal History," (n.d.). Retrieved online: http://www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-legal-history
Wormser, R. (2002). Jim Crow stories. Retrieved online: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_dubois.html
I agree with Nat Hentoff that the book "Huck Finn" should be read in all public schools across the nation. Whether or not we want to admit it, racism did, and always will, exist within our society. It is only through discussing that racism at a young age, and by confronting the ideas of racism that we can teach children how to accept all colors and creeds.
A also agree that the portrayal of Jim in "Huck Finn" is that of a positive one. While there is no question of the racist world he is living in, Huck doesn't see those issues, and accepts Jim for who he is. That in and of its self is enough of a reason to teach the novel, in my opinion. Children of all ages need to learn to accept others, and the positive portrayal of Jim is a positive experience for all who read…...
mlaReferences
Hentoff, Nat. "NAACP wants Huck Finn Expelled." International Herald Tribune 27 November, 1999: A23.
Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was a pioneer of sociology and a forerunner to civil rights activists later in the 20th century. DuBois used sociology as a tool or lens for viewing structural problems in the society, especially racism and racial inequality. W.E.B. DuBois earned his degree from Harvard University and after that established one of the first sociological research centers in the United States, called the Atlanta Sociological laboratory.
One of the issues that DeBois explored was the phenomenon of "double consciousness." Double consciousness refers to the fact that whites assume they are the normative person, and so have a singular consciousness as an American. Black people, on the other hand, refer to themselves (and are referred to) as African-Americans. The difference is powerful when viewed from a sociological perspective, and can explain a lot about the identity that black people develop in opposition to white dominant culture. Race…...
college major was picked and what career that will lead to. In the second part of the essay describe your most significant contributions to your community.
Evaluating my career decision and how my current activities affect my community.
Selecting the right career will have an impact on your entire life. Sometimes, learning how to volunteer in your own community can provide you with the skills necessary to help you be successful in a future career.
Explain what led to your interest in your particular major and what career you ultimately wish to pursue think that it is important to chose a college major based on your own likes and dislikes and also to consider what industries are doing well in the economy. My college major is twofold: music production and business. I think it's important to have a background in business for any career that I may have chosen. My decision to…...
History of Multi-Cultural America
Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America - Ronald Takaki
What was the result of the 1903 Supreme Court Lone Wolf Decision and the 190 Burke Act? The Lone Wolf Decision came about partly in response to a law passed by Congress in 1902. That law "accelerated the transfer of lands from Indians to whites," according to Takaki (237). The provisions of the 1902 law required that those who inherited the land must sell all allotted lands at public auctions - once the original owners had passed away. Basically, this meant that unless an Indian had the money to purchase their own family lands, they would lose what had been their property. The President (Theodore Roosevelt) was informed that this new law would ensure that all Indian lands will pass into the hands of settlers within a short few years.
But, notwithstanding this injustice, when Chief Lone Wolf (of…...
mla6) Why do you think the author named this chapter, "Through a Glass Darkly"? One can see that the tumultuous times following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor were "dark" times in more ways than one. First, the fear and loathing generated against Japan by the sneak attack on Hawaii was nearly universal and immediate among the American population. And secondly, it is a dark time indeed in American history when pure paranoia is the motivation for "interring" (e.g., placing in concentration camps) tens of thousands of Japanese-Americans. Even so-called responsible media members such as the LA Times (380) behaved with racist spite; "A viper is nonetheless a viper wherever the egg is hatched," the Times editorialized. "So a Japanese-American, born of Japanese parents - grows up to be a Japanese, not an American."
7) To what was the NAACP responding when they said, "A Jim Crow army cannot fight for a free world"? Discuss the effect of the 1941 Executive Order 8802 on the U.S. labor force. The NAACP statement was responding to the fact that a) many blacks felt that they didn't really enjoy all the fruits of democracy in American anyway, so why would they shed their blood to "save democracy" from the Nazis; and b) while fighting for the U.S. In WWII blacks were in general assigned to segregated units because, according to the War Department, "social relationships" between blacks and whites had "been established...through custom and habit." Racial segregation is very much akin to Jim Crow laws from the South's history. When FDR instituted Executive Order #8802, it in effect allowed over a million blacks to take jobs in the defense industry during the war. But more than that, it set in motion the movement of many blacks from the South to better paying jobs in the industrial north.
8) List three (3) things you learned from your cross-cultural presentation and one (1) you learned from someone else's cross-cultural presentation.
ace in early television programming [...] black women and the roles they played in early television. Two female characters illustrate the great differences in how blacks have been portrayed on television. In "Beulah," the lead character was a bossy, unattractive black woman stereotypical of the ideas of black females in the 1950s. By 1968, ideas had changed, but the character "Julia" was the opposite of Beulah, and she did not seem black at all, but more like a white black woman active in a white society that accepted her because she was almost one of them. These stereotypical characters represent what was acceptable to a mostly white audience, and indicate the distance between reality and television personas.
Beulah" had been a successful radio program before in debuted on television in 1950. It was the first show with a female African-American as the lead character. Beulah was a maid in a…...
mlaReferences
Bodroghkozy, Aniko. "Beulah." The Museum of Broadcast Communications. 2004. 17 May 2004. http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/B/htmlB/beulah/beulah.htm
Caldwell, John Thornton. Bstyle, Crisis, and Authority in American Television. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995.
Giovanni, Nikki. Images of Blacks in American Culture: A Reference Guide to Information Sources. Ed. Jessie Carney Smith. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Jeter, James Phillip, et al. International Afro Mass Media: A Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996.
However, Justice Vinson went further, adding his historical comments to Gaines by saying that the Fourteenth Amendment rights were "personal' which meant that "it is no answer... To say that the courts may also be induced to deny white persons rights of ownership and occupancy on the grounds of race or color."
In Missouri, the state where Gaines had sought to attend law school, his case was significant in that the undergraduate college he attended, Lincoln, seized the opportunity to use the Missouri law and grant money set aside to educate black graduate students, to create a black law school in St. Louis. Less than a year after the Gaines decision had been handed down by the Supreme Court, some thirty students enrolled in the St. Louis law school that had been created for black law students as a result of the Gaines case.
In the years that followed the Gaines decision,…...
mlaWorks Cited
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000944011
Abrams, Kathryn. "The Legal Subject in Exile." Duke Law Journal 51, no. 1 (2001): 27+. Database online. Available from Questia,
black history, the emphasis is on the events leading up to the Civil War or the advances made during the 1960s. Arc of Justice instead covers race relations in the 1920s through the experiences and court trial of Ossian Sweet, a black physician charged with murder for protecting himself, wife and child from a Detroit mob that was terrorizing their home. The event led to the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Legal Defense Fund and nationwide action on residential segregation. The history contained in the book is interesting, but more so are the portrayals of the people involved. The author, Kevin Boyle, shows all sides of individuals as Sweet as well as defense attorney Clarence Darrow, NAACP assistant secretary Walter White, and the prosecutor obert Toms.
Sweet became the tragic hero of an incident that he would have done anything to evade. He was…...
mlaReference Cited
Goodman, Bonnie. "Interview with Kevin Boyle, Winner of the National Book Award."
History News Network. January 24, 2005. 14, November 2005
ace, Discrimination and Education
acism and discrimination have been long-lasting impediments to equality of education in the United States. It was only in the mid-20th century that African and Native Americans won legal access to equal education. Much of America's early history of racism still lingers within the educational system. Today, poverty and poor literacy skills often plague African-American and Hispanic students, and Native American groups continue to pressure the government for self-determination and equality in educational attainment. Groups like the NAACP continue to work to see racism and discrimination in education eliminated in the United States, and significant progress has been made over the last decades, although racism continues to be a problem in American schools.
The history of racism and discrimination in the United States is almost as long as that of America itself. The fledgling nation of the United States reserved education largely for its white, male, children, and…...
mlaReferences
American Indian Education Foundation. History of Indian Education in the U.S. 02 May 2004. http://www.aiefprograms.org/history_facts/history.html
Corley, Mary Ann. Poverty, Racism and Literacy. ERIC Digest, Publication Date: 2003-00-00. ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult Career and Vocational Education Columbus OH. 02 May 2004. http://www.ericdigests.org/2003-5/poverty.htm
Francisco, Richard P. 2001. Racism: the real enemy that will destroy the United States. Black Issues in Higher Education, Oct 11, 2001. 02 May 2004. Available at http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m0DXK/17_18/80087603/p1/article.jhtml
McLean Donaldson, Karen B. 1987. Through Students' Eyes: Combating Racism in United States Schools. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated.
era through the great depression_
The economy of the United States was faced with fair share of challenges towards the close of the 19th century that had to be mitigated lets they got out of control. Other than the economic woes, there were also widespread social injustices. There was eminent war between capital and labor. Progressive era was realized in the very last years of the 19th century up to 1917 (Sage, 2010). The progressive era was a dawn of new ideas and progressive reforms. Some of its advantages are enjoyed to date. Some of the major events that characterized the progressive era were the birth of the American oil industry in 1901 and the initiation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1909.
The first American oil was prospected in Texas' Spindletop and this set precedent for evolution of the nation's oil sector. The Texan oil…...
mlaReferences Bridgen, K. (2012). The war on women: Women's right to vote. Retrieved March 14, 2013 from http://www.examiner.com/article/the-war-on-women-women-s-right-to-vote .
Commercial Laws. (2012). What is the Hepburn Act 1906? Retrieved March 14, 2013 from http://commercial.laws.com/hepburn-act .
Grossman, J. (1973). The origin of the U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved March 14, 2013 from http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/dolorigabridge.htm .
NAACP. (2012). National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People Victories. Retrieved from http://www.naacp.org/pages/our-mission .
Q1. Research the sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois and discuss his contributions to society.
W. E. B. Du Bois, the author of The Souls of Black Folk, was one of the most notable African-American activists of the early 20th century. In this seminal work, Du Bois outlined what he called the double consciousness of African-Americans, “the sense of looking at one’s self through the eyes of others” (Du Bois 5). Black people were simultaneously excluded from mainstream American society yet also forced to understand it, given that they were rendered into a state of economic dependence on whites, thanks to the legacy of slavery Du Bois also made a claim for African-American culture to be the most American of all cultures, given that it was a unique hybridization of African and European ideas, religion, music, and life.
Du Bois, who received his doctorate from Harvard University and taught sociology at the…...
In a context in which the majority of the media sources were blaming Shirley Sherrod of racism and bigotry, some journalists showed signs of professionalism and documented the entire situation. One such example is constituted by Matt McLaughlin who sought the tape with the entire video and gave it context. McLaughlin revealed that after the initial delegation of the white farmer to a white lawyer, the latter party failed to help the farmer. The help needed came from Sherrod who learnt the lesson that help was needed not only by the blacks, but by all poor people, regardless of race.
"The farmer called me and said the lawyer wasn't doing anything. And that's when I spent time there in my office calling everybody I could think so to try to see -- help me find the lawyer who would handle this. […] Well, working with him made me see that it's…...
mlaReferences:
Breitbart, a., 2010, Video proof: the NAACP awards racism-2010, Big Government, last accessed on February 9, 2011http://biggovernment.com/abreitbart/2010/07/19/video-proof-the-naacp-awards-racism2010
McLaughlin, M., 2010, Full video vindicates Sherrod, destroys Breitbart's accusations of racism, Media Matters, last accessed on February 9, 2011http://mediamatters.org/mobile/blog/201007200083
Saletan, W., 2010, the lynching of Shirley Sherrod, Slate, last accessed on February 9, 2011http://www.slate.com/id/2261271/pagenum/all/#p2
2010, Video shows USDA official saying she didn't give 'full force' of help to white farmer, Fox News, / last accessed on February 9, 2011http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/07/19/clip-shows-usda-official-admitting-withheld-help-white-farmer
Constraints of Blacks
Discussion the geographic spaces and constraints of Blacks in the United States between 1865 and 2010.
Reconstruction Period
Throughout the reconstruction period several acts were passed that were intended to integrate African-Americans or freedmen as they were referred to in the period in society. Despite the initial goals of the legislative acts, African-Americans faced a significant antagonism from many whites in the south who did not agree to the new freedoms for the former slaves. The first and arguably most significant step move towards a more equal and free society was the 13th amendment to the Constitution.
This amendment was passed in 1865 and was shortly after was followed by the passage of the civil rights act in 1866 and the 14th amendment. The underlying purpose of 13th and 14th amendments as well as the civil rights act of 1866 was to officially designate African-Americans citizens by abolishing slavery and granting…...
mlaLate Twentieth Century through the Present
Martin Luther King was a Baptist minister who became an icon for civil rights across America. He raised public awareness of the civil rights cause but this had a negative effect on his personal life as during the boycott King's house was bombed and during the campaign he was arrested. The importance of Martin Luther King's role in achieving civil rights could not be understated. However, it is less well-known that E.D Nixon, a African-American civil rights leader and union organizer who played a crucial role in organizing the famous Montgomery Bus Boycott and furthering the movement. However, it is MLK's eloquence and conviction of speech that served as a rallying point for millions of sympathetic individuals to protest racial injustices.
While the present circumstances for an African-American in the United States is still fraught with hardships, there is still much progress that is continually being made. In 2008 the United States elected their first African-American president; a feat that many predicted would not be possible until well into the future. However, at the same time there are a plethora of challenges that still face the African-American communities. In many of the urban centers, such as Chicago for example, there is still a significant amount of segregation. Furthermore, African-Americans generally have less employment opportunities, lower pay rates, higher incarnation rates, and fewer opportunities for education than their racial counterparts. Therefore, even though an enormous amount of progress has been made, there is still much more work to be done.
Case Study: Avoiding Partnership Pitfalls
On its official website, La Piana Consulting identifies its core mission as improving leadership and management practices within the nonprofit sector so that nonprofits can change the world. As noted in the Andreasen & Kotler (2007), La Piana is motivated by his belief that nonprofits function best when they are run like for-profit organizations. Strategic planning, business planning, corporate restructuring, change management, and governance are all examples of services La Piana’s firm provides to nonprofits that have been, until now, traditionally associated with for-profit entities.
Some of La Piana’s client firms include Habitat for Humanity, which it enabled to engage in organization-wide restructuring to the NAACP, which La Piana assisted in enabling the organization to refine its vision and mission statement, centered around the core tenants of “Economic Sustainability, Education, Health, Public Safety and Criminal Justice, and Voting Rights and Political Representation” (“NAACP,” 2018, par.1). What is…...
This is why people that had financial resources to move away from the agitated center often chose Harlem. At the same time however,
On the periphery of these upper class enclaves, however, impoverished Italian immigrants huddled in vile tenements located from 110th to 125th Streets, east of Third Avenue to the Harlem iver. To the north of Harlem's Italian community and to the west of Eighth Avenue, Irish toughs roamed an unfilled marshlands area referred to by locals as "Canary Island."
In this sense, it can be said that in the beginning, Harlem represented the escape place for many of the needy in search for a better life. From this amalgam, the Jews represented the largest group, the reason being the oppressive treatment they were continuously subject to throughout the world. Still, the phenomenon that led to the coming of a black majority of people in this area was essential for…...
mlaReferences
African-American Odyssey. "World War I and Postwar Society." Library of Congress Web site: 16 September 2007)http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart8b.html ,(accessed
Ames, William C.. The Negro struggle for equality in the twentieth century. New dimensions in American history. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company.. 1965, 90-1
Black Americans of Achievements. "Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.." Home to Harlem website. 16 September 2007)http://www.hometoharlem.com/harlem/hthcult.nsf/notables/a0d3b6db4d440df9852565cf001dbca8,(accessed
Capeci, Dominic. The Harlem Riot of 1943. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1977.
Title: Ida B. Wells - A Crusader for Justice
Introduction:
- Briefly introduce Ida B. Wells as an influential African-American journalist, suffragist, and civil rights activist.
- State the thesis statement: Ida B. Wells dedicated her life to fighting against racial injustice and gender discrimination, leaving a lasting impact on the path towards equality.
Body:
I. Early Life and Education:
A. Provide a brief overview of Ida B. Wells' childhood and family background.
B. Discuss the impact of the Civil War and the Reconstruction era on her upbringing.
C. Describe her educational journey and the obstacles she....
I. Introduction
A. Hook: Begin with a compelling statement about Ida B. Wells's life and legacy as an investigative journalist and civil rights activist.
B. Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument of the essay, which will explore the significance of Wells's work in the context of her time and its ongoing relevance today.
II. Early Life and Education
A. Wells's childhood in rural Mississippi and her experiences with racism and discrimination.
B. Her education and early career as a teacher and journalist.
C. The influence of her family and community on her social and political consciousness.
III. Investigative Journalism and Anti-Lynching Campaign
A. Wells's groundbreaking investigative journalism....
The educational philosophies of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Carter G. Woodson all aimed to uplift African Americans through education, but each man had a unique approach. This essay will compare and contrast the effectiveness of their educational philosophies in promoting social and economic advancement for African Americans. Booker T. Washington believed in vocational education and economic self-sufficiency for African Americans. His philosophy emphasized practical skills and training for jobs that were in demand, such as agriculture and trades. Washington's Tuskegee Institute in Alabama was a model for his educational philosophy, teaching students skills that would enable them to....
1. People often think of prison as a place for rehabilitation, but in reality, it often serves as a breeding ground for further inequality and injustice.
2. The American prison system is supposed to ensure justice and safety, but instead, it perpetuates disparities and mistreatment within its walls.
3. From racial profiling to lack of access to education and mental health services, inmates face numerous barriers to achieving equality within the prison system.
4. The cycle of poverty and incarceration is fueled by the inequalities present in the American prison system, trapping individuals....
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