This is particularly the case in elderly patients who suffer form various debilitating diseases and conditions, where it has been found that music therapy produces positive outcomes.
eferences
Anatomy of Melancholy. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/burton/robert/melancholy/S2.2.6.html
Bhat, M. Udupa S. (2003) the Evolution, Appreciation and epresentation of Music. MCGILL JOUNAL of MEDICINE, 7(2), pp. 190 -195.
Black bile. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://www.answers.com/topic/melancholia.
Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine. etrieved April 9, 2008 at http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/neh051v1.pdf.
Henshaw H. Enhanced Healing Through Music. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://www.naturalhealthweb.com/articles/Henshaw1.html.
Kerr M. Music Therapy. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://ohioline.osu.edu/ss- fact/pdf/0211.pdf.
Music Therapy. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:nNAQQm3uyFIJ:ohioline.osu.edu/ss? fact/pdf/0211.pdf+Music+Therapy&l=en&t=clnk&d=34&l=za]
Music Therapy and Older Adults. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://www.austmta.org.au/Downloadabledocs/AgedCareBrochure.pdf.
Oriental Music Treatment. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://www.musictreatment.8m.net
Penko a. Alternatives to contemporary medicine. etrieved April 8, 2008, at http://www.helium.com/tm/70007/alternatives-contemporary-medicine
Scott E. Music Therapy. etrieved April 9, 2008, at http://stress.about.com/od/stressmanagementglossary/g/MusicTherapy.htm
Sundar, S. Therapeutical usefulness of music. etrieved April 9, 2008, at…...
The shaman's use of animal language, or pre-literate languages, and other ritualistic methods of communication, like music and drumming, have parallels in the 'different space' created by the therapist in his or her office. In therapy, different forms of communication, the formulaic 'text' of conventional analysis, the release of drumming, or rhythmic pounding, and music play therapy for small children may be used to help the patient touch base with his or her emotions. But while the shaman channels the stories of others, as a tribal storyteller who uses different forms of communication for a collective, therapists help patients tell stories about their daily live struggles on an individual basis.
For example, sometimes patient's life stories are ineffectual, like 'I am a failure' or 'my mother never loved me.' (Hart, p.203) Although the therapist provides a kind of objective voice, and directs the person's speech, even the environment of the therapeutic…...
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Works Cited
Aiden, Kenneth. The Voice of the Forest: A Conception of Music for Music Therapy.
Hart, Mickey. "Shaman's Drum.'" Chapters 10 & 12. From Drumming at the Edge of Magic. Pp. 202-210.
Moreno, Joseph. Candomble: Afro- Brazilian Ritual as Therapy.
This contrast in conjunction with the singer's frequent maniacal laughter summons an astonishingly clear image of a woman trapped within herself. Her laughter is crazed with fear and she repeats the words over and over again, unable to move beyond that singular point in time. Once again, a very complex idea is expressed that as quite transparent to analysis.
The final excerpt, entitled "Oh My Child" seems to be about the singer's mother. The beginning of the song steps up and down in adjacent eleventh chords, the dissonance symbolizing her confusion and doubt regarding her mother. Approximately thirty seconds into the song, the singer becomes very emotional, and over the next minute is often either in tears or close thereto. At two minutes, the singers seems to reach a broken catharsis, purging herself of old resentments. The piano remains extremely unobtrusive throughout this time, indicative of the arduous process of…...
According to this conception, the musical meaning of our Beethoven melody would lie in its expressing the feeling of joy, with power far exceeding that of Schiller's poem and of all words. The key to understanding the process that makes the tones of this melody a melody at all, a piece of music, we found not in the relation of the tones to any particular feeling but in the relation of the tone e to the tone d (Zuckerkandl, 1956).
Music and the "life" behind it is so interpretational. The more that I read the writings of Zuckerkandl I realize the significance of something as small as a tone. To truly understand how one piece of music can be interpreted in numerous ways by different people. One piece of music or even a small melody can invoke a conglomerate of emotions, from one person to another. There are pieces of…...
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Reference
Zuckerkandl, V. (1956). Sound and Symbol.: Princeton University Press.
However, this was when the musical elements that were so deeply rooted into my belief system, into my very soul started to appear and I began to clearly recognize that it was possible to pursue the existence of something even stronger and deeper in the world of art, more specifically in the world created by sounds.
Possessing both a keen ability to observe and a very strong aptitude to recall images from memory, I identified the two forces to support my belief that there was something more that would drive me toward the pursuit of self-satisfaction and career enhancement. As the ability of my piano students grew, I noticed that what was happening was much more than simply learning how to interpret a musical piece by Bach or a sonata by Handel. It was the expansion of their emotional and psychological expression as a whole. Something was blossoming; it was…...
Music in the therapeutic context is, as Ansdell puts it, "neither pure feeling nor pure form," (128). Rather, music opens the door for a dialogue and communication between client and therapist that might otherwise never occur.
As with any form of creative expression, music ultimately depends on an audience. Otherwise, music cannot be used in a therapeutic setting because the medium is instrumental in helping the client "to get beyond this bubble of self," (126). Yet while the creator, or in the psychotherapeutic setting, the client, is undoubtedly using the medium of music for self-expression, the therapist should take care not to over-speculate about the "product." Music can be a symbolic "language of feeling," as Langer explains, but that language of feeling could take years to decipher (221). If the therapist infers that a drone piece created by the client denotes sadness then the therapist infers too much and does…...
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Works Cited
Ansdell, Gary. "Expressing." Chapter 15. Music for Life.
Kivy, Peter. "The Paradox of Musical Description." Chapter One. Sound Sentiment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.
Kivy, Peter. "To Express and to be Expressive." Chapter Two. Sound Sentiment. Philadelphia: Temple University, 1989.
Langer, Susanne K. "On Significance in Music." Chapter 8. Philosophy in a New Key. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Music is sound, which enters the outer ear and passes through the middle ear into the inner ear and the brain by means of electrical energy. In the brain, it can generate motor responses, draw emotions, release hormones and trigger higher-order processes. The brain develops its response as it perceives the sound. If a loud sound creates fright, calm music can soothe.
Records on music therapy date as far back as Aristotle and Plato. Egyptian and iblical documents also bear out that music was used to lighten illness and sorrow. American and European researchers in 1800 discovered the connection between music and the states of the body and the mind. They measured the connection in terms of cardiac output, rate of breathing, pulse and blood pressure. Numerous studies on the effect of music on health have been conducted since the 80s. Dr. Susan Hallam of the Department of Psychology and…...
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Bibliography
Allen, G. (2007). Effect of music therapy on stress response to day surgery. 2 pages.
British Journal of Surgery: Association of Operating Room Nurses, Inc.
Ambroziak, P. (2003). Use music to improve health and performance. 3 pages. American Fitness: Aerobics and Fitness Association of America
Christian M.A. (2006). The positive power of music. 3 pages. Jet: Johnson Publishing Company
Melanie's frequency of inappropriate behavior was not consistent; she experienced unpredictable increases and decreases in hair pulling, screaming, scratching, and tantrum behavior.
The study occurred in a self-contained classroom for children and youth with autism, which was housed within the special education department of a large state medical center. The classroom included four students, one certified classroom teacher, and three paraprofessionals. Students received one-on-one instruction; group instruction; speech-language, music, art, and adaptive physical education; and occupational therapy
An ABAB design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic entrainment as a calming technique. The first and third phases of the study were baseline conditions during which Melanie interacted in her structured classroom environment as was typical for her schedule. This included walking into the classroom, hang'rag up her backpack, reviewing her daily schedule, eating breakfast, checking her schedule, going to the rest-room, rechecking her schedule, and participating in calendar time. During…...
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References
Akerley, M.S. (1992). The last bird. In E. Schopler and G.B. Mesibov (Eds.). High functioning individuals with autism (pp. 266-275). New York: Plenum Press.
Alvin, J. & a. Warwick (1991) Music Therapy for the Autistic Child.: Oxford University: Oxford.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC:
Barron, J., and Barron, S. (1992). There's a boy in here. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Once this occurs, is when everyone will be more focused, because this is opening their minds to new ideas. Over the course of time, this will lead to an increase in the total amounts of learning comprehension. This is when there will be a transformation inside the classroom.
ibliography
"Music Research," OOHOI, Internet, available from http://www.oohoi.com/physical_therapy/music_therapy/effectiveness_edu.htm, accessed18 December 2011.
Music Therapy in Health and Education. London: Oxford University Press, 1993.
ruscia, Kenneth. Defining music therapy. Spring Lake, PA: Spring House ooks, 1989.
Hall, John. "The effect of background music on the reading comprehension of 278 eighth and ninth grade students." Journal of Educational Research, 45 (1952) 451 -- 458.
Michael Kiger. "Effects of music information load on a reading comprehension task."
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 69, (1989) 531 -- 534.
Pellitteri, John. "Music therapy in the special education setting." Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 30, no 4 (2000) 379-391.
Music Therapy in Health and Education. London: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Bruscia, Kenneth. Defining music therapy. Spring Lake, PA: Spring House Books, 1989.
Hall, John. "The effect of background music on the reading comprehension of 278 eighth and ninth grade students." Journal of Educational Research, 45 (1952) 451 -- 458.
music therapy reduce the level of sundowning agitation of the elderly dementia in-Patients in comparison to standard care only or to no music therapy?
Sundowning is a phenomenon that occurs within elderly people showing middle stages of dementia. Many treatments have been studied and offered to help reduce the level of sundowning agitation in these elderly patients. Some have used standard care only while other facilities se music therapy. Music therapy has been researched for quite some time and has resulted in some level of reduction in regards to sundowning agitation. However, it is important to compare the results to standard care in order to see which is more effective, or if a combination of both is the best treatment option.
In order to understand efficacy of treatments, especially in relation to elderly dementia in-patients, it's important to understand what sundowning is. Astonishingly, it is a question with a complex answer.…...
Cohen-Mansfield, J. (2001). Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Inappropriate Behaviors in Dementia: A Review, Summary, and Critique. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9(4), 361 -- 381. doi:10.1176/appi.ajgp.9.4.361
Cooke, M.L., Moyle, W., Shum, DH, Harrison, S.D., & Murfield, J.E. (2010). A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 14(8), 905-916. doi:10.1080/13607861003713190
Janata, P. (2012). Effects of Widespread and Frequent Personalized Music Programming on Agitation and Depression in Assisted Living Facility Residents With Alzheimer-Type Dementia. Music and Medicine, 4(1), 8-15. Retrieved from http://mmd.sagepub.com/content/4/1/8.short
Music Therapy and Aging
Summary
Grief, pain, and distress can become unbearable for the bereaved although death is an experience that every individual goes through. Many therapeutic interventions have been developed to help the bereaved cope with death including music therapy interventions. These interventions have shown positive impacts on the cognitive and emotional well-being of the bereaved and older adults with terminal conditions or under hospice care. However, the impact of these interventions on the aging process remains unknown and understudied. The proposed study will look at the effect of music therapy interventions on aging, especially on the frailties brought by old age. The scope of the proposed research is to look at the link between music therapy interventions and the quality of life of elderly people without any chronic or terminal conditions.
This study is expected to provide insights on how to cope or deal with frailties of old age that could…...
Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Population in Music Therapy
We are influenced by music as intensely as everything we feel. Music by now is a true therapy for numerous people; regardless they perform it or hear it. It attains its highest implication when it assumes an element of religiosity. Almost every important sacred custom has music that exemplifies the religiousness and yearning of the individuals. It has been described that music is the science or art of the formation of sounds, which are understandable by the human brain as being pleasant and entertaining. There have been several researches that have studied the influence of music on the anxiety of clients. A research observed the influence of music use in several clinical field, comprising anesthesiology, surgery, orthopedics, dentistry, and obstetrics. Patients were given to choose the music they liked and listened to it prior to undergoing operation. Till the patients fell asleeep,…...
Pain & Therapy
The purpose of this research is to investigate whether music therapy intervention can reduce the effects of pain in subjects who have chronic pain from minor injuries. This research builds on past investigations of the potential role of music in pain therapy. There are often significant side effects to the use of pharmacological treatments for chronic pain, so it is important to evaluate properly any potential alternatives to such treatments. The null hypothesis for this study is that music therapy can reduce the pain experienced by patients. The alternative hypothesis is that music therapy is unproven as a means of pain reduction in patients suffering from chronic pain.
The literature shows that music therapy might be able to relieve pain from those who suffer from chronic pain, but there is not yet a substantial body of evidence to support this conclusion. The study will seek to add to the…...
Music Therapy on Psych Patients
Effects of Music Therapy on Psychiatric Patients
Music therapy can be defined as such: "the controlled use of the influence of music on the human being to aid in physiological, psychological, and emotional integration of the individual during the treatment of an illness or disease" (Choi, Lee, & Lim 2008). Within music therapy there is an active and a passive form. In active music therapy, the patient is involved in playing an instrument or using the voice as an instrument. In passive music therapy the patient is at rest, envisioning peaceful images while listening to music (2008). The usual course of treatment for psychiatric patients consists of medication and psychotherapy, but in patients with severe mental illness, these types of treatment oftentimes have very limited effects. Psychotherapy requires that patients not only be intellectually able to benefit from it but also they must be motivated to…...
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References
Choi, A., Lee, M.S., & Lim, H. (2008). Effects of group music intervention on depression, anxiety, and relationships in psychiatric patients: a pilot study. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine,14(5), 567-570.
De Sousa, A. & De Sousa, J. (2010). Music therapy in chronic schizophrenia. JPPS,7(1):
13-17.
Gold, C., Heldal, T.O., Dahle, T., & Wigram, T. (2008). Music therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses. Cochrane schizophrenia group. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004025.pub2
Music therapy involves incorporating music into therapist-patient relationship development for promoting the latter's physiological, psychological, emotional and social health. One can consider music therapy to be a part of creative arts treatment, clinical treatment, or supplementary treatment relative to the conventional medical model. It encompasses numerous techniques such as playing a musical instrument, singing a song, listening to music and improvisation (McCaffrey 42). Autism spectrum disorder represents a lasting developmental disability which evolves at different levels of severity. The condition has been marked by the following three key characteristics: challenges when it comes to forging social bonds; intense limited fanatic interests; and issues when communicating verbally and non-verbally (National Autistic Society 1)
The Benefits of Music Therapy for Children with Autism
Autistic kids depict greater sensitivity to anxiety as compared to non-autistic ones, since they cannot effectively filter out any triggering stimulus. Steady rhythmic music or classical songs are considered ideal to…...
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Works Cited
Autism Science Foundation. "Music Therapy May Help Children with Autism." ASF Blog. N.p., 30 Aug. 2013. Web. 27 June 2017.
Manfred, Theodoros. "Music Therapy for Autistic Children." HealthGuidance.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 June 2017.
McCaffrey, Triona. "Music Therapy Hits Right Note." Irish Medical Times, vol. 40, no. 49, 2006, pp. 42, Business Premium Collection.
National Autistic Society: National Autism Charities Join Forces to Fight for Autism during the General Election Campaign." M2 Presswire, Apr 18, 2005, pp. 1, Business Premium Collection.
1. Encourage social engagement: Encouraging elderly individuals in long term care facilities to participate in group activities, social events, and regular interactions with other residents can combat feelings of isolation and improve mental well-being.
2. Implement regular physical activity programs: Physical exercise has been shown to improve mood, reduce anxiety and depression, and promote general well-being. Facilities should offer a variety of exercise options tailored to different abilities and needs.
3. Provide access to mental health services: Having access to mental health professionals, counselors, and therapists can help elderly individuals manage stress, cope with challenges, and work through emotional issues.
1. Emotional expression - Music allows us to express our emotions, whether it be happiness, sadness, excitement, or anger. It can help us cope with difficult times and enhance our positive experiences.
2. Cultural significance - Music is an integral part of many cultures around the world. It reflects the history, traditions, and values of a society and can bring people together in a shared experience.
3. Cognitive development - Listening to and playing music can improve cognitive skills such as memory, attention, and problem-solving. It can also stimulate creativity and critical thinking.
To craft an effective thesis statement on the topic of music, it is essential to clearly identify the specific aspect of music you will be discussing and your overall argument or perspective on that aspect. Here are some potential thesis statement examples on different music-related topics:
1. For a research paper on the impact of music on mental health: "Music therapy has been shown to significantly improve mental health outcomes in individuals with various psychological disorders, making it a valuable and effective treatment modality."
2. For an essay on the influence of technology on the music industry: "The widespread use of digital streaming platforms....
1. The role of hospice care in providing comfort and support at the end of life 2. The importance of advance care planning and discussing end of life wishes with loved ones 3. Ethical considerations surrounding end of life decision-making and assisted dying 4. The impact of grief and loss on family members when facing the end of a loved one’s life 5. Cultural differences in beliefs and practices surrounding death and dying 6. The stigma and fear surrounding death and how to approach the topic openly and honestly 7. The role of palliative care in managing symptoms and improving quality of life at the end....
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