Moral Reasoning
Taps is a movie about a private military high school, where the school is facing closure. To prevent this the adolescents attending the campus take over the school; in terms of adolescent moral reasoning, the boys involved impulsively react instead of thinking things through. They arm themselves, feeling like they are taking initiative and working together as a team to accomplish a common goal. They react just as they are taught, to be a team and to foster group dependence and unity.

The conflict involves actor Timothy Hutton, a sort of commandant of the cadets, who wanted to barricade the school long enough to talk to their leader to stop them from closing to school. He wanted to wait until his leader could tell them or order them to stand down. Tom Cruises character was an aggressor, and opened fire on the national guard and ended up being shot. The…...

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Bibliography

Diver-Stamnes.; Thomas, M. "What Wrongdoers Deserve: The Moral Reasoning behind Responses to Misconduct." Greenwood Press: Westport, 1993

Diver-Stamnes, A.; Thomas, M. "Prevent, Repent, Reform, Revenge: Study in Adolescent Moral Development." Greenwood Press, Westport: 1995.

Marcia, James; Skoe, Eva E. "Care-Oriented Moral Reasoning and Prosocial Behavior: A Question of Gender of Sex Role Orientation." Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, Vol. 31, 1994

Matsuba, Kyle; Walker, Lawrence. "Moral Reasoning in the Context of Ego Functioning." Merril-Palmer Quarterly, Vol. 44, 1998

Cultural Differences
Moral easoning

Moral reasoning: An intercultural comparison

Until recently, many Western developmental theorists tended to see morality as a transcultural phenomenon, reflecting their belief that all cultures shared certain common moral assumptions. Both Piaget and Kohlberg stressed that moral development passes through a series of stages, just like the child's ability to understand other complex subjects like mass and volume (Jensen 2008; Sunac n.d). However, this tends to assume that the individual is the primary moral decision-making unit and reflects an individualistic bias. American culture is defined by certain assumptions, such as the importance of individualism and material advancement, which are not necessarily shared by all cultures (or indeed all subcultures within America) (Humphries & Jagers 2009: 206). In America, an individual who 'stands up' to a crowd, or who goes against established ideas and makes a profit in the case of an entrepreneur like Steve Jobs or Bill Gates is…...

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References

Bedford, Olwen & Kwang-Kuo Hwang. (2003). Guilt and shame in Chinese culture:

A cross-cultural framework from the perspective of morality and identity.

Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 33:2.

Humphries, Marisha L. & Robert J. Jagers (2009). Culture: A possible predictor of morality for African-American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(2), 205 -- 215

reasoning that moral reasoning is determining what is right or wrong in a situation is acceptable but confusion arise from understanding what is wrong and what is right. Though universal with intercultural variations, it cannot be argued that it is only based on the perception of right or wrong. As a support to this, it is correct that cultures have varying beliefs and opinions and view moral reasoning differently. In China for example, bowing down to elders is a moral act but in America nobody bows to the elders. Besides, Chinese focus on group welfare which is the opposite for American culture which favors individualism.
Second Response

It is generally acceptable that moral reasoning varies based on people's reasoning and beliefs; this response upholds that morality depends on whether a person's act will harm the other or not which is a rational ideology. This belief is awkward since it is not…...

Brannigan's Moral Reasoning Applied to a Specific Case Study
Using Brannigan's six steps to moral reasoning, the situation involving the business man, his wife, and her lover can be broken down and analyzed from a moral perspective in order to arrive at an agreed upon moral option. The first step in using Brannigan's Moral Reasoning logic is to identify the fact. Since the case went to court, the article used to relate the case to the public is adequate for identifying these facts. Here are the facts as stated by the article:

The wife was a teacher at the secondary school where the 16-year-old student attended when the affair began, the husband filed for divorce 20 years after the affair began, the divorce was filed in August, 2009, the couple had not had sex for over 10 years due to the husbands impotence and related health problems, the wife was hit and…...

Charlotte's eb: Field Research, Psycho-Social Research, and a Textual Summary and Analysis
Introduction and Field Research Background

My niece Ariel, age 11, agreed to read Charlotte's eb by E.B. hite with me, and to be my informant on this project (Shapiro, "Personal Interview"). Ariel is extremely bright (IQ over 140), and has already finished the 7th grade, having skipped second grade in elementary school (I bring this up not so much to brag about her, but because she may in fact be more advanced in her thinking and vocabulary skills than some of the other 9-11-year-old informants: arguably somewhere between Piaget's third (ages 7-11) and fourth (ages 11-15) concrete operational and formal operational stages of development). Ariel told me this was actually her second exposure to Charlotte's eb, though her first time reading the book on her own. Her third grade teacher had read it to her class, but Ariel said she…...

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Works Cited

Brynildssen, Shawna. "Character Education through Children's Literature."

ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading English and Communication. Bloomington,

IN: Family Learning Association Bloomington IN. March 2003. ED469929.

Hartman, Holly. "Charlotte's Web: Spotlight on a Children's Classic." Fact

Moral and Emotional Responses to the Challenge of Thrasymachus
Might makes right. So suggests the character of Thrasymachus in Plato's "Republic." In other words, justice and morality is merely defined by who is stronger. The proper role of morality in both reason and the emotions is dependant simply upon what one wants to do, at that point in time, and how one can best achieve one's objective. In politics, the strongest person defines what is just and moral, because the strongest person will always rule according to the real world laws of the political jungle. Socrates, of course, offers the opposing view, that only the wisest should rule, the philosopher kings of the ideal state, who put subjective emotion aside and rule purely by objective reason. While Thrasymachus suggests that 'the world,' that is the material existence around us (including our emotions) should be the ultimate proving-ground of any moral system,…...

MOAL DEVELOPMENT & GENDE CAE |
Moral Development and Gender Care Theories

Moral Development

Moral development in humans occurs naturally together with physical, social and mental development. Individually as well as in social settings, mankind evolves a developed moral character and conscience in spite of numerous social and psychological barriers, which temporarily retard or disturb the process. In axiology, concepts of moral development give rise to feelings of being an active and developing entity. Through potential self-realization or perfection, a grand innate legacy is inherited, to be fulfilled in one's individual character and via the community, revealing one's unseen but tremendous intrinsic value (Fieser & Dowden, 2016).

Kohlberg's Six Stages of Moral Development

Crain (2015) holds that the child development scholar and moral philosopher, Lawrence Kohlberg, noted that kids progress across distinct moral development stages similar to the way they progress across cognitive development stages (defined by Piaget). Kohlberg observed and tested both adults and…...

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REFERENCES

Crain, W. C. (2015). KOHLBERG'S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT. Theories of Development, 118-136. Retrieved from  http://www.cs.umb.edu/ 

Fieser, J., & Dowden, B. (2016). Care Ethics. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy:  http://www.iep.utm.edu/care-eth/ 

Fieser, J., & Dowden, B. (2016). Moral Development. Retrieved October 19, 2016, from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy:  http://www.iep.utm.edu/moraldev/ 

Hetherington, M. E., & Parke, R. D. (2003). Gender Roles and Gender Differences. In M. E. Parke, Child Psychology: A Contemporary Viewpoint. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Global Education.

By Goodman's analysis, the systematic murder of one million people motivated by the specific intention of genocide is morally worse than the systematic murder of one million and one people selected arbitrarily. The author does not explain why the motivation for unjustified murder is such an important distinction; it would seem that unjustified murder is always wrong and that the scale of victims is always a more accurate measure of that moral offense than the reason or intent behind unjustified murder of innocent people.
Polygamy, Rape, Incest, and Genital Mutilation

Professor Goodman's reasoning about polygamy, rape, incest, and genital mutilation represent his weakest line of reasoning. Specifically, his view of polygamy completely ignores the issue of gender inequality and suggests that polygamy is necessarily harmful to women. The obvious counterargument is that this is only true because of the extent to which women are already objectified and comparatively powerless in patriarchal…...

Essay Topic Examples

1. The Efficacy of Moral Recognition Therapy in Substance Abuse Treatment
This essay would explore how Moral Recognition Therapy (MRT) contributes to the recovery process in individuals with substance abuse disorders. It would examine the principles behind MRT, including the focus on moral development and decision-making, and analyze outcome studies or clinical trials that demonstrate the effectiveness of MRT in promoting sustained recovery and reducing relapse rates.

2. Comparing Moral Recognition Therapy with Traditional Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches in Recovery
The essay would aim to compare and contrast MRT with traditional cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) used in recovery programs. It would delve into the theoretical frameworks of each therapeutic approach, the differences in treatment methodologies, as well as discuss any research findings that might suggest one approach has advantages over the other in terms of patient outcomes.

3. Moral Recognition Therapy's Role in Criminal Justice: Reducing Recidivism Among Offenders
This topic would investigate the role of…...

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Primary Sources

Little, Gregory L., and Kenneth D. Robinson. \"Moral Reconation Therapy: A Systematic Step-by-Step Treatment System for Treatment Resistant Clients.\" Psychological Reports 71.3_suppl (1992): 1351-1364.

McCuistion, Michael L., Terry W. Parrish, and Stephen A. Binkley. \"Effects of Moral Reconation Therapy on Biopsychosocial and Moral Reasoning Development in Community Corrections Populations.\" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61.15 (2017): 1710-1727.

Waldron, Harold B., and Gregory L. Little. \"The Effects of Moral Reconation Therapy on the Recidivism of Youthful Offenders: A Randomized Experiment.\" Criminal Justice and Behavior 26.4 (1999): 453-476.

Wilkerson, Pamela D. \"Moral Reconation Therapy for Adult Male Felony Offenders: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 10.5 (2010): 435-448.

Ferguson, Yvette L., and Ken Robinson. \"A Longitudinal Study of Moral Judgment.\" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Crimnology 54.5 (2010): 694-715.

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Effectiveness of Moral Recognition Therapy in Addressing Recidivism among Offenders


This essay would explore how Moral Recognition Therapy (MRT) serves as a psychological intervention aimed at reducing recidivism among convicted offenders. The focus would be on analyzing studies and statistics that reflect the effectiveness of MRT in altering criminal thinking patterns, instilling moral values, and consequently decreasing the likelihood of reoffending. Furthermore, the essay could compare MRT with other rehabilitation methods to evaluate its unique position and effectiveness in criminal justice systems.


2. The Role of ersonal Responsibility and Moral Development in Substance Abuse Recovery through Moral Recognition Therapy


This topic would delve into how Moral Recognition Therapy facilitates recovery in individuals dealing with substance abuse by emphasizing personal responsibility and moral development. The essay would dissect the stages of MRT, with particular emphasis on how these stages encourage individuals to recognize the impact of their actions on themselves…...

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Primary Sources

Little, Gregory L., and Kenneth D. Robinson. Moral Reconation Therapy: A Systematic Step-by-Step Treatment System for Treatment Resistant Clients. Psychological Reports, vol. 57, no. 1, Aug. 1985, pp. 1183–1189.

Little, Gregory L. Moral Reconation Therapy Manual: A Systematic Treatment Strategy for Offender Populations. Eagle Wing Books, Inc., 1998.

McCuistion, Margaret L., et al. “Implementing Moral Reconation Therapy for Adult Criminal Offender Drug Treatment Court Clients.” Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, vol. 42, no. 2, 2005, pp. 35–59.

Wilkerson, Pamela G., et al. “Moral Reconation Therapy with Female Offenders: A Preliminary Investigation.” The Prison Journal, vol. 85, no. 3, Sept. 2005, pp. 339–348.

Ferguson, Yolanda, and Ken Robinson. “Moral Reconation Therapy—A Unique Community-Based Treatment That Works.” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, vol. 25, no. 4, 1994, pp. 391-397.

Moral Theory and Virtue Ethics
How is virtue ethics different from the other theories of ethics that you have studied so far?

The other theories of ethics argue that morality results from an act, thus they tend to focus on the impact. This implies that a moral act will bring the highest level of happiness for the highest number of people. In contrast, virtue ethics considers morality as the result of character or identity of a person and not a reflection of the act. It means that some characteristics are virtues. Individuals with these virtues are moral and their actions only reflect their inner morality (MacKinnon, 2012).

According to Aristotle, what is the difference between intellectual and moral virtues?

Intellectual is the first principle governing human acts. Other laws only exist to obey intellectual in various ways. Those who obey intellectual without any contradiction are body limbs because they are in a healthy status.…...

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References

MacKinnon, B. (2012). Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues, concise edition. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning

Vaughn, L. (2013). Contemporary moral arguments: Readings in ethical issues. New York: Oxford University Press

Moral Messages in Children's Literature
I chose four children's classics: Charlotte's web (1952) by E.B. White, and other three children's fairy tales, two by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm (Cinderella and Snow white and the seven dwarfs) and one by Charles Perrault (Sleeping Beauty). These were among my personal childhood favorites. Looking back on all four as an adult, I see many similarities, but also many differences, in these books' inherent moral messages. All have been positively reviewed (e.g., have received awards or good critical reviews, and/or have stood the test of time). Each contains many distinct moral messages, some plain, others less so. Each also deals with situations that require moral decisions.

Charlotte's web

Charlotte's web is a story about eight-year-old Fern, who, while growing up on a farm, loves and nurtures a pet pig, Wilbur. Wilbur grows up (with help from Fern and various animal friends, including a wise and virtuous spider…...

The line of legitimacy, separating socially approvable use of force from violence, cannot be effectively drawn without an agreement on what constitutes the optimum amount of force necessary to maintain social order and to protect human rights against encroachment. A society subscribing to infinite morality which condemns all use of force as immoral is doomed no less than a society accepting the absolute pragmatism of tyrants. "
As Oleg Zinam proposes, these two extreme social attitudes to morality are equally unprofitable to the societies that adopt them. The attitude of absolute pragmatism can easily lead to the acceptance of political assassinations, as long as such acts may help the final political purpose. An example of absolute pragmatism can be the regime initiated by Hitler, who ordered the extermination of all Jews in an attempt to "purify" the human race by excluding anyone who did not fill in the Arian ideal.…...

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Works Cited

Ben-Yehuda, Nachman. 1997. Political Assassination Events as a Cross- Cultural form of Alternative Justice.

International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol.38: 25-30.

Feliks, Gross. 1974. The Revolutionary Party. Essays in the Sociology of Politics. Westport: Greenwood

Press.

Capital punishment, however, does reflect the retributive perspective and is the most obvious modern manifestation of Hammurabi's code. Even so, the moral righteousness of capital punishment is questionable for several reasons. First, capital punishment is illogical and hypocritical. If killing another human being is wrong, and if the state kills human beings, then the state is committing a wrongful act. Second, capital punishment can be considered cruel and unusual. Third, capital punishment precludes the state from promoting positive moral values in favor of a perceived increase in public safety. Whether public safety is increased by the use of capital punishment is also questionable. For the most part, capital punishment is used "solely for symbolic purposes," (Turow, cited by Stern, 2003). Capital punishment is the epitome of revenge-based, retributive justice. It would seem that even if revenge were morally just, that the state would have no justifiable role in exacting revenge.

Morally…...

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References

Primorac, I. (nd). Is Retributivism Analytic? The Royal Institute of Philosophy. Retrieved June 17, 2007 at http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/articles/article.php?id=20

Stern, S. (2003). Discussing the morality of capital punishment. Christian Science Monitor. 12 Nov 2003. Retrieved June 17, 2007 at  http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1112/p16s01-usju.html 

Townsend, C. (2005). The morality of punishment. Cambridge Papers. 31 May 2005. Retrieved June 17, 2007 at  http://www.leaderu.com/humanities/moralityofpunishment.html

Moral Leadership
CEO's values influence on mission, vision, and members of an organization

Effective leadership relies on the ethics and morals of the leader. The values expressed by the leader are transposed by his or her actions and are reflected in the organization's results. The mission of the organization is constructed by the leader based on his or her values. Leaders can only run organizations whose mission is to satisfy the leader's values. In other words, the organization's values must be aligned with leaders' values. Otherwise, leaders will not have a sense of fulfillment, and they are likely to consider that the organization does not serve its best and most ethical purposes.

The vision of the organization is also strongly influenced by the leader's values. This is because the vision reflects how the organization's mission will be fulfilled. It is important that the leader constructs an organizational vision that relies on his or…...

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Reference list:

1. Women Still Underrepresented on Corporate Boards. Stanford Graduate School of Business. Retrieved December 10, 2013 from  http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/rhode_women_2011.html .

1. The role of attachment theory in child development
2. The impact of parenting styles on children's behavior and mental health
3. The effects of early childhood experiences on later development
4. The influence of genetics and environment on human development
5. The importance of socialization in shaping personality development
6. The role of play in cognitive and social development
7. The effects of trauma and adversity on developmental outcomes
8. The significance of identity formation during adolescence
9. The impact of technology and screen time on child development
10. The relationship between emotional intelligence and success in adulthood.
11. How culture and society influence child development and behavior.
12. The....

Crafting an Impactful Thesis Statement on Divine Command Theory

Divine command theory, a prominent ethical theory, posits that the sole basis for morality lies in the commands of a divine being. This theory holds that actions are inherently right or wrong solely because God wills them to be so. Crafting a thesis statement on divine command theory requires a clear and concise articulation of its central tenets and the main argument or perspective you intend to present.

Steps to Craft an Impactful Thesis Statement

1. State the Central Idea: Begin with a concise statement summarizing the key concept of divine command theory, namely,....

Titles and Moral Development: Shaping Individuals' Ethical Compass

Titles hold a profound influence on shaping individuals' moral development by:

1. Establishing Behavioral Expectations:

Titles convey specific roles and responsibilities, creating expectations for appropriate behavior. Individuals with titles like "Doctor" or "President" are expected to exhibit higher ethical standards, while those with less prestigious titles may face lower expectations. This can impact the internalization of moral norms and the development of personal values.

2. Conferring Authority and Responsibility:

Titles grant authority and delegate responsibility, influencing individuals' perception of their moral obligations. Leaders with titles such as "Captain" or "Manager" are expected to make ethical decisions that....

Integrating Experiential Learning for Enhanced Philosophical Understanding

Experiential learning, a pedagogical approach that engages students in hands-on, real-world activities, offers a transformative method to foster deep philosophical understanding. By integrating experiential learning into the classroom, educators can create immersive environments that empower students to grapple with complex philosophical concepts in a tangible and meaningful way.

1. Active Engagement and Critical Thinking:

Experiential learning fosters active engagement by immersing students in scenarios that challenge their assumptions and encourage critical thinking. Through role-playing, simulations, and case studies, students are actively involved in exploring ethical dilemmas, logical arguments, and metaphysical questions. This engagement compels them to....