I would have been thinking about social norms and categorical imperatives in Kohlberg's system -- or about the social value of self-sacrifice in Gilligan's.
Instead I made a moral choice that reflects moral maturity: a level of caring that Gilligan would define as postconventional. Whether consciously or not, I was determined to preserve the dignity and promote the well-being of both my friends. I took myself out of the picture. I knew that I was dealing with sensitive emotional issues and bonds of friendship that could be severed with one wrong word. Whether or not Julie and John were having problems was none of my business. I did not pry; I did not ask John what his possible role in Julie's behavior was either.

Kohlberg would claim that I had internalized a set of agreed-upon social values and my actions reflected the norms that underwrite morality in our culture. I would…...

students who planned to cheat on their schoolwork, or have cheated, especially in high school. To me, this meets the criteria for a moral dilemma, in particular in instances where I have had the opportunity to join in on this. Now, one would think that this maybe is not a moral issue because it is clearly against the rules, but the reality is that true moral dilemmas, where no choice is a good choice, are harder to come by. Maybe in a combat situation or something. So this will have to do.
The text notes that many people are governed by their own moral codes, and that there might be times when these codes are challenged. This, to me, is part of the growth of the person, and such situations help you do define what your moral code really is. For instance, I would say there are three reasonable responses…...

Earlier this month an Italian research team jointly authored a research article titled "Affective asis of Judgment-ehavior Discrepancy in Virtual Experiences of Moral Dilemmas," with the results of their findings published in the scholarly journal Social Neuroscience. Lead by cognitive neuroscience specialist Indrajeet Patel, the research team sought to explore how an individual's response to hypothetical value judgments and moral dilemmas may be altered when presented with a virtual reality experience simulating the same moral dilemma. According to the research team's explanation of their experiment provided in the Abstract, "although research in moral psychology in the last decade has relied heavily on hypothetical moral dilemmas and has been effective in understanding moral judgment, how these judgments translate into behaviors remains a largely unexplored issue due to the harmful nature of the acts involved,"1 but by using a virtual reality desktop computing platform, this divide can be adequately addressed. In…...

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Bibliography

Indrajeet Patel, Carlotta Cogoni, Nicola Zangrando, Luca Chittaro, and Giorgia Silani.

"Affective basis of judgment-behavior discrepancy in virtual experiences of moral dilemmas." Social Neuroscience 9, no. 1 (2014): 94-107.

referents that you use to distinguish what is right from wrong in your daily life?
It is common for every individual to experience ethical dilemmas. On a daily basis, we are forced to make decisions and choose the right instead of the wrong ones, in spite of multivariate pressures. In my everyday life, there are key referents that I use to distinguish what is right from wrong. For starters, one of the referents is the law and regulation set by the authorities. For instance, a number of aspects can be right to a certain extent, and thereafter be considered wrong, as proclaimed by the law. For instance, the law can permit drinking up until 10 pm and thereafter consider it illegal. Therefore, one has to refer to the allowances and restrictions set to determine what is right and wrong. One other key referent that I make use of is justice,…...

He is not depriving the pharmacist of his livelihood. He is not depriving another sick individual from having access to the same medication. Harvey only risks getting caught stealing and even if he were caught would be unlikely to spend any time in jail given the extenuating circumstances. Therefore, Harvey should steal the medication from a utilitarian perspective.
Although a duty-based system of ethics would propose that the immorality of stealing can never be justified, it is impossible to prove why Harvey should let his wife die instead. If Harvey did let his wife die, he would have committed a far more insipid act than if he stole.

Knowing that the medication will save his wife's life, Harvey commits a petty crime only. The act of stealing is clearly immoral. However, under the circumstances only an inhumane individual could censure him. Given the tremendous good that would come from Harvey's action,…...

Seeing how the Prime Directive should no longer apply, Picard was free to do whatever was necessary in order to save his crewman. However, the advanced technology employed by the aliens forced Picard to argue for the life of Wesley Crusher. His argument centers around the idea that this conflict is over whether or not moral universalism, or moral relativism would apply in the case of Wesley Crusher. Picard argues that the Federation does not interfere with other cultures because they believe that all cultures have equally value and the capacity for development. However, they are dealing with an alien race that is violating that principle. The aliens have decided that their moral universalism is correct for the Edo, and by extension, anyone who visits their planet. But Picard argues, correctly, that each culture must respect the rights of other cultures to develop in their own way. And the Prime…...

She paid good money for tuition and didn't take advantage of her opportunities to learn. She also lost out on increasing her self-esteem in a natural way by rising to meet challenges and doing her best. Instead of feeling proud, she felt guilty. If she confesses to her school, she will probably be kicked out and it will be on her record forever. She is not likely to do that. However, because she is going to be a teacher, herself, she can talk to her students about her experience honestly and have meaningful discussions in her classrooms. She can tell her students that if they get sick, they can call her, and she will make arrangements to postpone the deadline. Jane wishes now that she had got caught the first time she did it -- then, she never would have done it again. So, she can purchase TurnItIn, software…...

Any objective set of moral criteria must include: (1) the obligation not to cause pain unnecessarily to another; (2) the consideration of fetal survivability; and (3) recognition that a fetus undoubtedly becomes a living person at some point prior to full-term birth. On the other hand, even with the benefit of modern medical technology, there may be no way of identifying precisely at what point of gestation those moral concerns first materialize. For that reason alone, definitions of the relevant stages of development (and their corresponding fetal capabilities) must err on the safe side so that any inaccuracy unnecessarily protects the moral rights of the fetus prematurely, rather than protecting the moral rights of the fetus too late.
Conclusion:

A comprehensive analytical system designed to respect every conceivable moral concern arising in connection with abortion must also incorporate the autonomous rights of the mother, the comparative consequences to the fetus and…...

Moral and Medical Dilemma
As the progression of medical technology has expanded humanity's ability to heal one another directly -- through the process of organ transplants, blood transfusions, and bone marrow exchanges -- several ethical dilemmas have surfaced which impact physicians, patients, and politicians alike. An individual's voluntary decision to donate his or her organs in the event of an unexpected death, and the government's methods for devising an equitable system of distribution for blood and organ transplants are just a few of the increasingly rancorous debates to become associated with cutting-edge medical techniques. Today, with the concept of stem-cell research offering a vast array of seemingly miraculous medical advances, the moral discussion has shifted to cases like that experienced by the Whitaker family, which has been forced to confront an agonizing choice involving their seriously ill son Charlie. In the end, although the Whitakers were able to develop a viable…...

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References

Petersen, J. (2003, June 19). "Designer baby born to uk couple." Retrieved from  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3002610.stm

Like Midgley, Bailey would expect the company to conduct its opeations and make the same decisions that would be equied in its native society. Moe impotantly, Bailey would likely also ague that the company has a moal duty to espond to the situation even if it wee the case that its native society ecognized no such moal obligation.
Both Bailey and Midgley would pobably equie the company to conside the natue of the hams caused by its poduct and to take easonable measues to pevent those hams completely iespective of any obligation o expectation in that egad by any society. Thei view would be that moality is a matte of objective pinciple and not subjective values and that allowing the types of hams descibed as a esult of pofit-making entepises is always immoal and always imposes a moal obligation, by objective pinciple, on the manufactue to take appopiate measues to…...

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references to standards of health and well-being (p. 261) to apply the UN principles to this case.

Application of Berlin's Moral Perspective

Berlin offers a perspective that is decidedly unhelpful to the prospect of recognizing objective moral principles. He suggests that wherever two individuals espouse diametrically opposite positions on an issue, it does not necessarily follow that the truth of one view means that the other is untrue (p. 266). Berlin seems to offer a complex justification for moral relativism, largely by focusing on the types of cases where (admittedly) a perfect solution is most difficult. However, he seems not to recognize that these can be regarded as exceptions to general principles that provide the morally preferable (if not necessarily perfect) solution. Therefore, Berlin might argue that nobody likes the idea of street children being harmed by their misuse of the company's product but that virtually any solution to that dilemma would impose harmful consequences on the company, such as by limiting its rights to conduct business manufacturing a legal product.

Conclusion

I would applaud the UN Declaration for its intention, disregard Benedict's, Bailey's, and Berlin's positions, and apply the arguments of Midgley. Certainly, the "perfect" solution may often be impossible, as it might very well be in this case, as pointed out by Berlin. However, it is possible (as demonstrated by the UN Declaration) to recognize and uphold objective moral principles that transcend the facts of any specific case considered in isolation. I would apply the same conceptual approach of the UN Declaration with respect to fundamental rights and freedoms and apply it to two other moral issues: First, that entities may not pursue or perpetuate activities in foreign societies that are expressly prohibited (or that trigger moral obligations reflected in law) in their nations. Second, that entities causing unnecessary harm to any human beings be held morally accountable for those harms and responsible for mitigating them, compensating victims, or, where appropriate, ceasing those activities altogether in light of the magnitude of the harms with which they are associated.

The pro-life arguments state that a fetus is in fact a real-life person in the making. Is true there's no supporting scientific evidence for the beginning of personhood, but what if an unborn child has a soul and can actually feel pain? Isn't then artificial abortion a crime? Just because we are not sure, we should take the most radical solution that we can and are allowed to by law?
This is the first solid argument to sustain the moral impermissibility of induced abortion. Because having an abortion equals the death of a life growing inside, as a natural result of unprotected sexual intercourse. It is therefore considered that the new life, the fetus, did not have a choice. And having an artificial abortion furthermore deprives him/her of the right to chose (whether to live or not). So, if it's about the right to chose and the freedom to decide…...

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Works Cited

Abortion." Wikipedia. 2007. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 21 April 2007.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion 

Abortion debate." Wikipedia. 2007. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 22 April 2007.

Moral and Emotional Responses to the Challenge of Thrasymachus
Might makes right. So suggests the character of Thrasymachus in Plato's "Republic." In other words, justice and morality is merely defined by who is stronger. The proper role of morality in both reason and the emotions is dependant simply upon what one wants to do, at that point in time, and how one can best achieve one's objective. In politics, the strongest person defines what is just and moral, because the strongest person will always rule according to the real world laws of the political jungle. Socrates, of course, offers the opposing view, that only the wisest should rule, the philosopher kings of the ideal state, who put subjective emotion aside and rule purely by objective reason. While Thrasymachus suggests that 'the world,' that is the material existence around us (including our emotions) should be the ultimate proving-ground of any moral system,…...

Moreover, caring for her mother, the other option, would surely: a) create a feeling of being "unfulfilled" which brings with it depression and resentfulness; b) leave her with nothing to look forward to but the dark day when her mother actually passes away; and c) realize after a short time that she is not "a Mother Teresa" and that her live would be diminished (Stuart, 25).

hat does Stuart believe is the right choice for Alice? Stuart asserts that the virtue that carries the most weight in this instance is having Alice care for her mother. Giving up her career for her mother would outweigh the "…virtues of perseverance, love of truth…and self-knowledge" should she decide to go forward with her dissertation (26).

hat Stuart also mentions -- and this is a prime reason for this writer to believe Alice should find a competent person to be a caregiver for her mother…...

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Works Cited

Hill, T.E.. "Assessing Moral Rules: Utilitarian and Kantian Perspectives." Philosophical Issues,

15(1), (2005): 158-178

Mautner, Thomas. "Act-Utilitarianism." The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy. Retrieved June 12, 2013, from   2008.http://utilitarianism.org .

Rivera, Lisa. "Sacrifices, Aspirations and Morality: Williams Reconsidered." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. 10.1 (2007): 69-87.

Ethics & Morality
The author of this response is to be answering several questions as it relates to ethics and morality. There are three major questions that will be answered as part of this assignment. The first is to define and pontificate about what it means to engage in moral reflection. The second questions asks about moral conflicts that center on authority, interest and roles as it relates to moral and ethical dilemmas. Finally, the author of this report will apply Cooper's ethical decision-making model to ethical dilemmas in general. While some ethical and moral questions are quite tough to answer and navigate, there is usually a path forward with such moral quandaries.

The Cortland University website has a good definition and summary of ethical reflection. They generally define ethical reflection as a "means of helping students develop the cognitive side of character" (Cortland, 2015). Further, they say that ethical reflection involves…...

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References

Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.

Cortland. (2015). Encouraging Ethical Reflection - SUNY Cortland. Www2.cortland.edu.

Retrieved 15 June 2015, from   / ethical-reflection.dothttp://www2.cortland.edu/centers/character/wheel 

LMU. (2015). Resolving an Ethical Dilemma. Lmu.edu. Retrieved 15 June 2015, from  http://www.lmu.edu/Page27945.aspx

Moral Community: A group in America that is clearly being marginalized politically and socially is the community of undocumented immigrants. An estimated 11.1 million immigrants are living and working in the United States, and notwithstanding that the U.S. Senate and the executive branch have passed a bill allowing undocumented immigrants a path to citizenship, the Republicans resist supporting this legislation. Cultural relativism helps to understand why 11.1 million people are being denied the right to work towards citizenship. Cultural relativism: the beliefs of one culture (in this case, those immigrants that are not yet citizens) should also be understood by others (in this case conservatives don't relate to the cultural beliefs of immigrants and vice-versa). A conservative "moral argument" is that there are a limited amount of goods and jobs in the U.S. And immigrants take these away from citizens here legally, but cultural bias and racism also certainly play…...

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Works Cited

Foley, E. (2014). GOP Reveals Immigration Reform Principles. HuffPost Politics. Retrieved June 18, 2014, from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com .

AIDS Ethics: Navigating Moral Dilemmas in the Time of a Pandemic

Introduction

The advent of AIDS in the 1980s not only unleashed a devastating pandemic but also ignited a storm of ethical quandaries. The disease, marked by its insidious nature and social stigma, laid bare the inadequacies of existing healthcare systems and highlighted the urgent need for ethical frameworks to guide decision-making. This essay delves into the intricate web of AIDS ethics, exploring various topics that have challenged our moral sensibilities and continue to shape our response to the pandemic.

1. The Right to Privacy vs. the Duty to Disclose

One of the most....

1. The Enduring Power of Myth: Chaucer's Retelling of Ancient Tales in "The Canterbury Tales"

Thesis: Chaucer's adaptation of classical myths in "The Canterbury Tales" demonstrates the enduring power of storytelling and the timeless relevance of archetypal narratives.

Points of Discussion:
Chaucer's use of myths such as Orpheus and Eurydice, Pyramus and Thisbe, and the Trojan War
The transformative role of myth in shaping human experience and social values
The universality of mythological themes and their resonance with audiences across time

2. The Female Gaze in Chaucer's "The Legend of Good Women": Reclaiming Feminine Perspectives

Thesis: Through the lens of the female narrator in....

Essay Outline: Justification of War

I. Introduction

A. Thesis statement: War is a complex and controversial issue that raises profound moral and ethical questions. This essay will explore and evaluate various justifications for war, examining their validity and implications.

II. Historical and Philosophical Perspectives

A. Just War Theory (Justa Bellum):
1. Criteria for just war (jus ad bellum): legitimate cause, right intention, last resort, proportionate means
2. Criteria for conduct during war (jus in bello): proportionality, discrimination, non-combatant immunity
B. Pacifism:
1. Absolute rejection of war based on moral and religious grounds
2. Advocacy for nonviolent resistance and negotiation

III. Realist Justifications

A. Realism in International Relations:
....

Title 1: The Ethical Labyrinth of Human Cloning: A Philosophical Exploration of Moral Dilemmas

Title 2: Unraveling the Scientific and Ethical Implications of Human Cloning: A Comprehensive Analysis

Title 3: Human Cloning: Exploring the Boundaries of Bioethics and the Human Experience

Title 4: The Promise and Perils of Human Cloning: Navigating the Uncharted Territory of Scientific Advancement

Title 5: Cloning: Unlocking the Pandora's Box of Human Genetics and the Potential for Human Enhancement

Title 6: The Future of Humanity in the Shadow of Human Cloning: Ethical, Social, and Philosophical Perspectives

Title 7: The Cloning Controversy: A Debate Between Innovation and the Preservation of Human Dignity

Title 8:....