Egbert was the first English national King. In 1066, William the Conqueror took the crown by force. William ordered the first census, known as the Domesday ook which was used to create the first central tax system for England. William introduced elements of French culture into England, while many of the lower classes kept the old Anglo-Saxon language and customs, French was the language of choice for nobility. William continued to expand English territory into France (Internet Medieval Sourcebook)
When Henry II took the throne, he married the powerful French duchess, Eleanor of Aquitane. Together they ruled all of England and half of France. Technically, this made English kings vassals of French kings. However, in practice, the English monarchs were much stronger and essentially ignored their feudal obligations to the French monarchy. In the 1200s, nobles became worried that English monarchy was beginning abuse its power. They drafted the Magna…...

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Bibliography

Halstall, P. "Internet Medieval Sourcebook." Fordham University.

  (accessed May 29, 2010).http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook2.html 

French absolute monarchy. e discussed development modern state army, baroque art architecture, scientific revolution early Enlightenment. In a -organized essay, explain early modern absolute monarchy, baroque style, scientific revolution responses turmoil sixteenth seventeenth centuries.
The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries plays an important role in shaping public opinion across France as individuals came to express particular interest in supporting an absolute monarchy as a result of nobles gradually being pushed aside, the baroque style as a consequence of the Catholic Church promoting such attitudes, and the scientific revolution as they acknowledged the progress they could experience as it advanced. French nobles emphasized their power in the state and Catholics had a series of divergences with Protestants, thus influencing French monarchs to want to have a higher level of authority and for artists to express interest in ideas that were in accordance with attitudes contemporary to them.

The reign of King Francis I…...

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Works cited:

Baker, Christopher, "Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution: 1600-1720; a Biographical Dictionary," (Greenwood Publishing Group, 01.01.2002)

Greer, Thomas H., and Lewis, Gavin, "A Brief History of the Western World," (Cengage Learning, 2004)

Knecht, R.J., "Francis I," (Cambridge University Press, 26.04.1984)

The concept of absolutism was supported by theologians such as Jacques Boussuet who gave religious sanction to the view that kings were God's anointed representatives on earth and to rebel against their authority is to rebel against God.
In contrast to the French model of absolutism, parliamentary monarchy took roots in England in the 17th century. In fact the concept of the 'divine right of kings' had been weakened in England ever since the adoption of Magna Carta in 1215. When King Charles I attempted to gain absolute power in his reign during the 17th century, the parliament opposed him and the King was eventually tried and executed through an Act of the parliament. Later, when King James II again attempted to grab absolute powers, he was overthrown in what became known as the Glorious evolution of 1688 after which the Bill of ights was passed in 1689. Since then…...

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Reference

Constitutional Monarchy." (2006). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on October 17, 2006 at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy

France could also control the flow of goods and services through Southern and Central America.
The French saw their actions as justified because of the sweeping and threatening United States annexation of California, Arizona and New Mexico, even more so than Mexico's nonpayment of debt (Cinco de Mayo, 2010, Think Quest). Given that the United States was embroiled in its own Civil War at the time, France thought that it was an ideal moment to install a puppet government in Mexico, as there were no American military resources to spare to curtail France's imperialistic efforts. The French were exceedingly proud of their military strength, and the defeat of Mexico at the hands of the United States -- even before the Mexican Civil War and eform Wars weakened the nation still further -- convinced the French that the conquest of Mexico would be easy. After all, the French army had not…...

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References

Cinco de Mayo. (2010). Think Quest. Retrieved October 21, 2010 at http://library.thinkquest.org/trio/TTQ03062/background.html

Tuck, Jim. (2008). Maximilian and Carlota: the "Archdupe" and his tragic lady (1832-1867),

Mexconnect. Retrieved October 21, 2010 at  http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/299-maximilian-and-carlota-the-archdupe-and-his-tragic-lady-1832-1867 

Viva Cinco de Mayo. (2006). Cinco History. Retrieved October 21, 2010 at http://www.vivacincodemayo.org/history.htm

S. Senators and describe the difference between the number of each state's U.S. Senators and the number of its U.S. Representatives (i.e. The "Great Compromise").
A b)

Is Congress truly representative of the American people from the perspective of demographics?

A member of the House of Representatives must be at least 25 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least 7 years, and an inhabitant of the state they represent. Representatives serve for two years. Representatives are apportioned among the states according to population, so that each person in the United States will have equal representation in the House of Representatives. A Senator must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least 9 years, and an inhabitant of the state they represent. Senators serve six-year terms. There are two senators per state, so that each state has equal representation in the Senate.

This equal representation protects the concept of federalism,…...

institutions of monarchy and feudalism were based on the systematic oppression of others through the use of hierarchy. In these forms of governments, there is a strict social and economic order with the rich and powerful at the top and the peasants and serfs on the very bottom of society. This notion is especially true for feudalism, where lords depended on their vassals yet both classes lived off the work of their serfs. Serfs worked the land of their lord in exchange for protection. In this system, however, a serf could not leave his lands without permission; they were economically and legally bound to their lord and land. The status of peasants did not elevate much further from the medieval ages and throughout the era of absolute monarchies. It was not until the late 17th century, during the Age of Enlightenment that these old social hierarchies were questioned. Revolutionaries…...

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Bibliography

Brown, Elizabeth A.R. "Feudalism." Encyclopedia Brtiannica Online. Accessed website on 11/09/2011.  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/205583/feudalism 

Madison, James. "Declaration of Independence." The Charters of Freedom. Accessed on 11/09/2011.  http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html 

Frank Maloy Anderson, ed., The Constitution and Other Select Documents Illustrative of the History of France, 1789-1907. New York: Russell and Russell, 1908. pp. 59-61

Merryman, John Henry; Rogelip Perez-Perdomo. The civil law tradition: an introduction to the legal system of Europe and Latin America. Stanford University Press. 2007. pp. 16.

Papacy and Monarchy During the Middle Ages
The Power of the Papacy in the Middle Ages

The purpose of this paper is the research the reason why the papacy became so empowered during the Middle Ages as well as why some of the Monarchies of the time were able to gain ore power than others in their relationship to the Church.

The period referred to as the 'middle ages' is the period in history between the fall of the last Roman emperor in the West which was in 476 A.D. And the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in the year 1453, and some account this period ending in 1492 with the discovery of America by Columbus. The papacy of the Roman Catholic Church became a major institution of political power during the early middle ages.

The Papacy's Rise to Power:

The papacy's rise to power can be accredited to their gain of great holdings…...

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Bibliography:

Papal Supremacy in the Middle Ages (nd) Outline of Great Books Vol .I [Online] located at Volume _I/papalsupr_gd.htmlhttp://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/Outline_of_Great_Books

Major Developments of the High (1100-1300) and Late Middle ages (1300-1500)

 http://www.loyno.edu/~seduffy/latemiddle.html

Conquest
At the time of the Norman Conquest, monarchy in England was an inherently unstable institution. Howarth's account of the throne in the years leading up to 1066 paints a picture of a curious institution: without fixed laws of succession, and with no more fixed governmental assembly than the witana gemot, the English Crown at this point in time seems more like a chieftancy for a society in transition. I hope to show that three aspects of the monarchy in 1066 -- its lack of succession law, its closeness to the aristocracy, and its political nature -- made England a candidate for conquest.

The lack of succession law is perhaps the most astonishing thing Howarth reveals about the English monarchy before the Battle of Hastings. As Edward the Confessor lay on his deathbed, Howarth tells us, "under the unwritten constitution, it was the duty of the assembly, in the name of…...

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Works Cited

Frankforter, Daniel and Spellman, William. The West, A Narrative History, Volume One: To 1660. 3rd Edition. Saddle River: Pearson, 2012. Print.

Howarth, David. 1066: The Year of the Conquest. New York: Penguin, 1981. Print.

Monarchy vs. Democracy When it comes to monarchies, much of the modern world has rejected them, though the West used to be ruled by monarchs. Today, monarchs thrive in the Middle East, particularly in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where a monarchical system of government has enabled the UAE to bring stability and leadership. However, challenges remain, and this paper will describe the pros and cons of a system like UAE and compare it to that of democratic countries, whose prose and cons will also be described.
The pros of a monarchical system are that there is stability and consistency of vision and leadership. A monarch rules for life and the vision presented by the monarch can be implemented over a life time instead of rushed through in the brief span of a few years as is the case in democratic countries where elected leaders have term limits. The monarch can proceed…...

Kant, Immanuel. "What Is the Enlightenment?" (1784): Web. .

These are excerpts from journal entries and speeches by Immanuel Kant. He was a renowned German Philosopher, and he was commonly known as being the first to make use of the word enlightenment. During the enlightenment period, he was among the many innovational thinkers. These excerpts will assist in providing brief descriptions of the enlightenment period, as it was a formidable historical context for the French evolution. Using quotes from Kant, one is able to demonstrate the enlightenment period.

Pinel, Phillipe. "Execution of the King." Letter. 21 Jan. 1793. Exploring the French evolution. Web. .

This was a letter by Phillipe Pinel who was an observer to the execution of King Louis XVI. This letter will assist in describing the King's execution. There is quote in the letter that indicates the King's death was easy and fast, which demonstrates that he did not suffer.…...

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Reference Center. Web.

This source provides information regarding the life of King Louis XVI, his reign, how he ascended to power, his fall, and finally guillotined. This source will assist in demonstrating how the King was not successful, popular, and powerful. It was the King's refusal to make compromises with the French people that led to the revolution.

"French Revolution." French Revolution. Web. .

This website provides information regarding the revolution's history. It provides information of how the revolution came to arise, and it also describes the enlightenment period. This website will assist in demonstrating how the enlightenment greatly affected and pushed for the revolution's support.

L, a. "Remains of the Day." Humanities. N.p., Apr. 2010. Web.

A journal entry from that era wrote "you do remember it: cholera was everything; it had absorbed everything, politics, uprisings, theater, intrigues" (Delacroix, ca 1832).
The effects of the July Monarchy would be far-flung and its effects would be felt for decades to come. Child labor laws were enacted, the free press was virtually legislated out of business, and there was an abundance of 'reform' including the establishment of elementary schools for boys in 1833, which was expanded to include girls in 1836.

The bourgeoisie were the main power brokers of the Monarchy and they wielded the power in an effective manner. Louis Philippe was their leader and reigned supreme ousting his predecessor Charles X who abdicated his rule during the July evolution.

eferences

Delacroix, LE.; (ca 1832) Portrait of Niccolo paganini, Washington, D.C., The Phillips Collection

Merriman, J,; (2004) Press, revolution, and social…...

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References

Delacroix, LE.; (ca 1832) Portrait of Niccolo paganini, Washington, D.C., The Phillips Collection

Merriman, J,; (2004) Press, revolution, and social identities in France, 1830-1835, Canadian Journal of History, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 147-149

Mongol Empire: Advantages and DisadvantagesTrade between the Far East and the Mediterranean world has ancient roots. Yet, it was only in the late th century that Europeans started forming direct trade links with China, India, and the famed Spice Islands of Indonesia. These connections had profound implications for European imagination and economic importance. However, a significant event for Asian populations was the emergence of the Mongol Empire, which made these connections possible (Coffin et al., 2019).The rapid expansion of the Mongol army and their conquest of vast Eurasian territories between 1206-1227 and 1229-1294 astonished the world. Historians and ethnologists continue to investigate the Mongols and their brief rule of todays known world. Although Europe managed to recover from the turmoil through the enaissance and the onset of the Age of Exploration, the Muslim world suffered the most, never able to reclaim its lost golden age. The Mongols instigated the continued…...

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ReferencesCoffin, J., Stacey, R., Cole, J., and Symes, C. Western Civilizations – Their History and Their Culture. 17th ed., W. W. Norton, 2019.Cole, J., and Symes, C. Western Civilizations. 20th ed., W. W. Norton, 2019.Iqbal, M. “Impact of Mongol Invasion on the Muslim World and the Political, Economic and Social Ramifications.” SSRN, 2021,   G.E., McIntyre, K.M., Clough, H.E., and Rushton, J. “Societal Impacts of Pandemics: Comparing COVID-19 With History to Focus Our Response.” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 9, 2021, article 630449.https://ssrn.com/abstract=3899594 .Patterson,

European Monarchy is one of the highly held positions and culture indeed within Europe. The Monarchy is watched by many across the world and the happenings and events around the royal family is a great interest to the entire world if the attention that the events like the marriage of Prince William and Kate as well as the attention the Diamond Jubilee received across the globe.
Europe has used the Monarchy not only as a royalty family but as a symbol of preservation of ther unique culture that has been in existence for decades upon decades. It is one of the strong cultures that are constitutionally enshrined within Europe and has helped it transcend time. It has its guide lines like the religion that the lady that the Prince marries must be from the Church of England and not a Jew, Muslim or Catholic. This has however raised political questions around…...

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Reference

Conradi P. (2012). Long Live the Queens and Kings.  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/02/opinion/long-live-the-queens-and-kings.html

It seems surprising that while the events of the 17th Century can be
so clear, they leave much to interpretation. The events epicte in A
Monarchy Transforme are exceptionally clear, such as the Great Fire of
Lonon or the Gunpower Plot, an they help to lea into the narrative
which is what is really important, because it is necessary to know the
political story before history can be tol. The work begins with two
overview chapters which help to put the social an political context in
perspective before jumping into the narrative. It woul perhaps be helpful
for a more fitting overview, but that oes not etract from the effective
narrative in bringing the political etails of the British monarchy to
life. The Stuart ynasty is accurately, informatively, an with great
attention to reaability, mae clear as to their place in British history
an the political events in which they partook.
There is so much history to the Stuart ynasty as the power…...

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detail.

References

Kishlansky, M. (1996). A monarchy transformed : Britain 1603-1714. London:

Penguin.

Threshold of Terror: The Last Hours of the Monarchy in the French evolution odney Allen, an independent scholar who read history at Oxford, details the events that occurred during the crucial twenty-four hours between the 9th and 10th of August 1792, which led to the fall and execution of King Louis XVI of France. Using previously unpublished eyewitness accounts, illustrations, direct quotations, and paraphrases; the author describes the final hours of this crucial collapse and examines its importance in eroding the ideals that had emerged after the fall of the Bastille in 1789. Through the use of intimate sources and documents, such as the personal accounts of the Swiss Guards who had tried to save the ill-fated King Louis XVI and the stories of individuals who had survived the 'eign of Terror', the author gives the reader a greater level of insight into the events and emotions that existed during…...

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Reference

Allen, R. Threshold of Terror: The Last Hours of the Monarchy in the French Revolution. U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1999.

While it is impossible to escape the similarities between the French Revolution and American Revolution and there is no question that the American Revolution helped inspire the French Revolution, there are a number of important differences between the French and American revolution.

Location was an important difference.  America was a colony that was revolting against a ruling government that was separated from it by a large distance, while the French Revolution occurred in France and was aimed at the monarchy in that country.

Social class played a much more important role in the French Revolution than the American Revolution. ....

Louis XIV and Charles II were both monarchs at the time of significant civic unrest and allegations of government overreach and abuse, and, as such, they have many similarities.  However, the differences between the two monarchs are notable as well.  The individual differences may not be as meaningful as understanding their differences when placed into the context of the French and English monarchies and also what was happening in their countries during their reign.

Charles II was the king of England after a bloody English civil war that resulted in the execution of his father Charles....

The Hundred Years' War: A Tumultuous Conflict that Shaped Medieval Europe

The Hundred Years' War was a protracted conflict between England and France that spanned from 1337 to 1453, leaving an indelible mark on the political, social, and military landscapes of medieval Europe. The term "Hundred Years' War" is a modern historiographical designation, as contemporaries referred to the conflict as the "Great War" or the "English War."

Origins and Causes:

The roots of the war can be traced to the complex feudal relationships between the French monarchy and the English kings, who held extensive lands in France. Edward III, King of England (1327-1377),....

When referring to historical events, the terms "modern" and "contemporary" have distinct meanings and implications. The choice of title for a historical event can vary depending on the time period it falls within and the perspective of the historian.

Modern History

Modern history generally encompasses the period from the late 15th century to the late 18th century, characterized by significant social, political, and technological developments. Events within this era are typically titled to reflect the broader historical context and the major themes or goals of the period.

For instance, the "Age of Exploration" (15th-17th centuries) highlights the period of European maritime discoveries and....