Whereas, in the original thesis, the main contrast was between repressive and restitutive sanctions, in the later article the contrast involves a classification of crimes into those that are fundamentally religious in character -- offences against shared moral tenets that constitute the collective conscience -- and those that are "individual," in the sense of involving the essentially private interests of increasingly autonomous individuals. Penal sanctions also change in quantity and quality, with a movement away from corporal punishment and toward depriving the individual of possessions or freedom, i.e. fines and imprisonment. This development corresponds to the increasing differentiation within society, and the increasing focus on the individual, in this case as criminal or victim. Durkheim makes an interesting point about prisons only coming into existence when a society reached a sufficiently advanced stage of material development to permit the existence of secure and fortified establishments, such as castles or…...

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Id. At 85.

Emile Durkhiem, the Division of Labour in Society, trs. George Simpson, New York, Free Press paperback edn, 1964.

John Horton, "The Dehumanisation of Anomie and Alienation: A Problem in the Ideology of Sociology," British Journal of Sociology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 283-300

("Chinese History.")
The Second Opium War would involve: the contention that the Chinese and the ritish would have for each other. As the ritish wanted greater controls of the ports and land routes. Yet, the Chinese felt that the treaty to end the First Opium War was excessive. This resulted, in open hostilities, as the ritish merchants were seeking exclusive rights to: Chinese markets, the free flow of merchants / missionaries throughout the country and the distinction of most favored nation trading status. This would lead to years of conflict that would last from 1856 to 1860. At which point, the Chinese would grant the ritish: increased access to seven more ports, monopolistic control of key markets and they agreed to pay them large sums of gold (as reparations for the war). This is important, because the second defeat would add to the overall levels of humiliation, leading to the…...

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Bibliography

"A Rebellion that Nearly Worked." Life. 23 Sep. 1966: 76 -82. Print.

Chinese History. China Knowledge, 2000. Web. 14 Dec. 2010

Dukier, William. The Essential World History. Belmont: Thomason, 2008.

MLA Format.  http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/

Survival Skills in Modern Society: Work, College, And Daily Life
Back in the days of early man, human beings had three basic needs: food, shelter, and clothing. The human body has not changed much since these early days. However, human civilization has changed a great deal over history. Different survival skills are required to survive in modern times. Once upon a time, being a great hunter or a great warrior was what made someone 'talented' at survival. Today, we have no need to kill game or even grow our own food. Unless someone is serving in the military, the skill of fighting in combat is not required. We can buy our own food at the grocery store, drive where we need to go rather than walk on foot. We do not have to tell if a plant is poisonous or not before we eat it. We can search out medical experts…...

Major Features of Transitional SocietiesToday, the geopolitical sphere is changing faster than ever before in history, and many modern societies are experiencing rapid, fundamental changes in their social direction and political ideologies that will have implications well into the 21st century. Although the United States stands out as a classic example of this process, it is reasonable to suggest that all societies experience these trends to some extent throughout their existence. In order to gain some new insights into these trends, the purpose of this paper is to review the relevant literature to identify the major features that are associated with the transitional societies. In addition, a comparison between the traditional, transitional, and modern societies based on each of the selected features is followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning transitional societies in the conclusion.Major features of transitional societiesAs the term connotes, the term transitional is…...

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References

Naudé, L. (2017). Identities in transitional societies, Journal of Psychology in Africa, 27(2), 101-104.

Wills, D. D (2014). Traditional and Modern Societies: A Comparative Look. Development Anthropology. Retrieved from https://www.cpp.edu/~ddwills/courses/ant352/index.html.

Tures, J. A. (2022, August 24). The USA Isn’t a ‘Banana Republic’ for Investigating Trump — Just Look at the Data. Politico. Retrieved from 2022/08/24/the-usa-isnt-a-banana-republic-for-investigating-trump-just-look-at-the-data-00052769.https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/

Toilet Design
In modern society, public toilets has become a fixture wherever human activities take place; shopping malls, restaurants and filling stations all provide these places of convenience for travelers, diners and shoppers. However, when considering the nature and function of public toilets, many question their cleanliness and safety for public use. In addition, cultural and gender issues have also played a role in these debates. Women, for example, are obliged to make physical contact with public toilets, while this is not necessarily the case for men. In terms of cultural issues and sanitary concern, critics such as Isbit (2001) have suggested a toilet design whereby the human skin does not need to make any contact with the abode, but where both men and women squat to relieve themselves. To take these concerns into account, the history, background, and design of the public toilet should be considered in detail.

Historical Background

According to…...

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References

A to Z. Of Manners & Etiquette. (2010) Toilet Etiquette. Retrieved from:  http://www.a-to-z-of-manners-and-etiquette.com/toilet-etiquette.html 

Biddle, S. (2010, Aug 27). The Long, Unglamorous History of the Toilet. Gizmodo. Retrieved from:  http://gizmodo.com/5622088/the-long-unglamorous-history-of-the-toilet 

Brain, M. (2011). How Toilets Work. How Stuff Works, Inc. Retrieved from:  http://home.howstuffworks.com/toilet4.htm 

Clark, E. (2011) 3 Serious Concerns About Hygiene in Public Restrooms Revealed in Survey. Ezine Articles. Retrieved from:  http://ezinearticles.com/?3-Serious-Concerns-About-Hygiene-in-Public-Restrooms-Revealed-in-Survey&id=46579

Substance Abuse
In modern society, substance abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of using a substance that is unnecessary for health. It is not limited to mood-altering or psycho-active drugs (marijuana, alcohol, etc.), but is defined as any substance that is habitual, interferes with one's life, and causes a large range of dependencies within human culture. It is a public health cost and issue, and comes under a number of categories (Lowinson, 2005). In the Healthy People 2020 initiative, one of the goals is to "reduce substance abuse to protect the health, safety and quality of life for all, especially children." For this review, we will use Tobacco Addiction as a model.

Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of disease, death, or disability in the United States. More deaths are caused yearly from tobacco use than any other substance abuse, motor vehicle injury, HIV, or murder combined (Anti-Smoking, 2008). Tobacco…...

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Cited in:

 http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/13/suppl_2/ii1 .

Religion, over many centuries has become a focal point for both society and the manner in which societies behaves. Since the emergence of the homo sapiens species, human have always been fascinated with the unknown. Religion was mans first attempt to make sense of the world around them and interesting phenomenon that have occurred. Due the early history of man, religion acted as a pseudo-science designed to explain naturally occurring behaviors in society. During these periods, long and severe droughts were explained by an angry God. Rain was described as God weeping. Eruptions of volcanos where explained away as the anger of the Gods. Each of these have later been validated and explained by science. Society now knows that rain is caused by precipitation, drought is much more common in the world and not a result of an inappropriate worship of a God. Although, science has shown many of the…...

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References:

1. Abbate, Michael. Gardening Eden: How Creation Care Will Change Your Faith, Your Life, and Our World. Colorado Springs: Waterbrook Press, 2009.

2. Achtemeier, Elizabeth. Nature, God and Pulpit. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1992.

3.  Austin, Richard Cartwright. Reclaiming America: Restoring Nature to Culture. Environmental Theology. Vol. 4. Abingdon, Va.: Creekside Press, 1990

4. Dawkins, Richard. The God Delusion, Black Swan, 2007, (ISBN 978-0-552-77429-1).

Criminology
In a modern society, police have important roles play in preventing and managing crimes. The police are in good position to learn and investigate crimes and threats because they have available resources to ensure that communities are protected from vulnerable targets. However, changes and multi-dynamic complexities within a given society have necessitated police force to develop partnership relationships with various public agencies to enhance prevention of crimes and security matters within a society. (Clarke and Newman, 2007). Partnership working or partnership approach is largely based on the premises that only police force could not deal with the crime and complex safety problems within a community. Partnership working is defined as the cooperative relationships between two or more organizations with the aim to achieve common goals such as tackling the crime problems in a society. Partnership working with the goal to tackle crimes is now strongly embedded in the methods the…...

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References

Berry, G. Briggs, P. Erol, R. et al. (2011). The Effectiveness of Partnership Working in a Crime and Disorder Context: A Rapid Evidence Assessment. Research Report 52, The National Archives, UK.

Clarke, R.V. And Newman, G.R.(2007). Police and the Prevention of Terrorism. Policing. 1 (1): 9-20.

Home Office, (2007). Delivering Safer Communities: A Guide to Effective Partnership Working. Guide for Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnership and Community Safety Partnerships. Welsh Assembly Government. UK.

Jacobs, K.(2010). The politics of partnerships: a study of police and housing collaboration to tackle anti-social behaviour on Australian public housing estates. Public Administration, 88(4): 928-942.

Freud and Society
Sigmund Freud as ad a profound influence on our understanding of contemporary society. It can be argued tat Freud's teories and insigts ave also ad a direct effect on saping modern society itself and determining te way we see ourselves. Freud's teories are also te object of eated debate and criticism and is views of te dynamics of te individual in society are not always agreed upon. Wile it is undeniable tat, to large extent, "Our notions of identity, memory, cildood, sexuality and, most generally, of meaning ave been saped in relation to, and often in opposition to, Freud's work" (Rot. M.), yet tese views ave also been "otly contested."

Te teory by wic Freudian analyses is most commonly known is te "discovery" of te unconscious. In terms of society and sociological analysis te most significant aspect of te idea of te unconscious is te teory of repression. Freud's…...

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Thus, initially, the U.S. was the victim of a terrorist attack. However, the perpetrator-victim dichotomy was eliminated with the U.S.'s offensive attack against Iraq, or as the Bush administration specifically claimed, 'Saddam Hussein's regime.' hen this happened, institutional violence was enforced, giving the U.S. The "license" to seek revenge because of the extent and seriousness that the attack has caused the country and the world.
However, the target of the U.S. offensive attack was like McVeigh: Hussein is considered innocent until proven guilty. Indeed, the absence of weapons of mass destruction (MDs) in Iraq only reflected that the offensive attack was made to destabilize Hussein, and not simply a case of seeking justice for the 9/11 attack. Justice, then, becomes retributive and unfair justice. In Sarat's analysis, the U.S. is "a killing state in which violence is met with violence, and the measure of our sovereignty as a people is…...

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Works Cited

Iadicola, P. And A. Shupe. (2003). Violence, Inequality, and Human Freedom. Rowman & Littlefield.

Sarat, A. (2001). When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American Condition. Princeton UP.

Adopting a personal songline as a set of principles that become habitual is actually relatively difficult, because it requires small changes, but many in the tactical framework that may actually build into something larger. Obviously, each requires a great deal of research since most have strings of suppliers themselves. However, many companies post their ecological or sustainability policies, or at least allow access to them. Those that do not are likely not the type of companies with whom we would want to do business. These may be outlined into various parts of everyday life:

Transportation -- If possible, use public transportation, preferably hybrid or fuel efficient vehicles. This is for local or regional travel as well as international travel. If at all possible, band together with friends or colleagues for travel to events.

Carbon Footprint -- reduction of carbon footprint by installing energy efficient bulbs; water savers in toilet and shower, turning…...

Other popular uses for fenugreeks seeds include use as a topical treatment for skin conditions such as abscesses, boils, burns and eczema and as treatment for heartburn and acid reflux.
As with any home remedy the use of fenugreek seeds should be done with caution (Izzo, 2009). Although its general use is considered to be safe when used as directed by the manufacturers there have been some reported side effects. The most commonly reported side effects are nausea and gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea and gas. When used topically, some users have complained of skin irritations and rashes. It should be noted that some prescription drug users have warned users of fenugreek seeds that the taking of the seeds should be done at least two hours in advance of the taking of prescription dosages. This warning is generated due to the fact that fenugreek seeds can interfere with the absorption…...

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References

Acharya, S.N. (2008). Fenugreek, an Alternative Crop for Semiarid Regions of North America. Crop Science, 841-853.

Gupta, A. (2002). Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds on glycaemic contral and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. Alternative Medicine Review, 1057-1061.

Izzo, E.E. (2009). Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs, 1777-1798.

Sharma, R.D. (1996). Use of Fenugreek seed powder in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Nutrition Research, 1331-1339.

Security
One of the most important aspects for enhancing security is perimeter protection, which is regarded as a significant component for residential, industrial, public/private, and commercial areas. The significance of perimeter protection in security is also demonstrated that the defense of an organization commences at the perimeter. As a result, there are several perimeter protection systems that are available in the security market. The concept of perimeter protection is also related to several important elements including the outer defense, internal and external security concerns, and access control. This paper will examine each of these components in relation to perimeter protection as an important aspect of enhancing security.

The Outer Defense

Physical security is considered as one of the important elements of perimeter protection, particularly with regards to the outer defense. Fischer, Halibozek & Walters (2013) define physical security as the measures undertaken by a facility to protect itself against security threats/attacks and various…...

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Reference

Fischer, R.J., Halibozek, E.P. & Walters, D.C. (2013). Introduction to security (9th ed.). Waltham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Freeing the Voice
Linklater's (2006) book 'Freeing the Natural Voice', and the introduction to the book, have the aim improving vocal communication. One thesis which may be extrapolated from in is that the natural voice may be seen as akin to a musical instrument capable of a wealth of expression, but the ability of individuals to fully express themselves with their natural voice has been constrained by blocks and inhibitions present in modern society. Understanding this potential constraint, and how it may limit the use of vocal expression, Linklater presents a work that aims to help the reader develop their vocal skills.

The introduction provides a basis for the thesis presented above. It provides information on the type of blocks are constraints which exist, and how they may be overcome. For example, Linklater (2006) argues that the first steps in overcoming limitations which lead speakers to stay with in speech patterns that…...

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Reference

Linklater, K. (2006), Freeing the Natural Voice, Drama Publishers/Quite Specific Media

Traditional and Modern Societies during the 'European Expansion': Modernism in Europe and the Rise of Socialism in Non-Western Societies
European expansion and the civilization of modernity" by S.N. Elsenstadt provides a through discussion and analysis of the dynamics concerning the European expansion, centering in particular on its effects in non-Western or Asian societies. Tracing the history of the European expansion from the emergence of industrialization to the development of capitalism in Western societies, the author seeks to determine what caused the seemingly contradicting development of the so-called 'expansionist' movement of modernization in Europe. That is, instead of spreading modernization and capitalism in Asian societies, what occurred was the rise of socialism, which is a new form of society that overturns the basic premises of capitalism -- in effect, modernization.

This paper discusses Elsenstadt's arguments regarding the changes in the European expansion in non-Western societies: from being modernist to socialist, even traditionalist, societies.…...

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Bibliography

Elsenstadt, S.N. "European expansion and the civilization of modernity"

One of the great things about writing a position paper using the Bible to provide scriptural support is that the Bible is such a large document, full of internal inconsistencies, which means it can be used to support almost any position.  This is especially true if you are looking at scripture in isolation, rather than viewing it as an excerpt from a larger book or as part of a cohesive theme.  In fact, you might be surprised to discover that the Bible has text that can be used to argue against most of the ideas that we think of as....

There are a number of fantastic slave narratives that really describe the experiences of people in slavery.  However, there is a problem with most of these narratives.  Written by former slaves, these narratives are going to represent a rarity among slaves because their authors could read and write, while teaching a slave to read or write was punishable under many slave codes.  Therefore, we strongly suggest looking at a more comprehensive collection of slave narratives.  Fortunately, the Works Progress Administration compiled slave narratives under a few different programs, most notably the Federal Writer’s Project. ....

Title: The Impact of Technology on Modern Society

Introduction:
Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, significantly transforming various aspects of modern society. In this paper, we will explore the profound impact technology has had on areas such as communication, education, and healthcare. By examining both the positive and negative effects, we aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of how technology has shaped our lives.

I. Communication:
The advancements in technology have revolutionized the way people communicate with each other.
A. Improved connectivity:
1. The emergence of smartphones and social media platforms has allowed individuals to stay connected 24/7.
....

1. The importance of selflessness in building strong and harmonious relationships.
2. Exploring the concept of selflessness in different cultures and religions.
3. The impact of selfless acts on personal fulfillment and happiness.
4. Examining the role of selflessness in personal growth and development.
5. The psychological and social benefits of selflessness.
6. The challenges and rewards of practicing selflessness in modern society.
7. Analyzing real-life examples of selflessness and its impact on individuals and communities.
8. The role of selflessness in leadership and its impact on team dynamics and performance.
9. Exploring the connection between selflessness and empathy.
10. Critically evaluating the limitations and potential negative consequences of....