Minerals
According to Lutgen & Tarbuck (2011) "the properties of minerals include crystal shape (habit),luster, color, streak, hardness, cleavage, fracture, and density or specific gravity. In addition, a number of special physical and chemical properties (taste, smell, elasticity, feel, magnetism, double refraction, and chemical reaction to hydrochloric acid) are useful in identifying certain minerals. Each mineral has a unique set of properties that can be used for identification " (p.24).

If, as a scientist studying minerals, I wished to identify an unknown sample mineral, I would use the aforementioned criteria to help classify the example in question. In order to fully explain this technique, I will take each quality and explain in detail the fundamental properties of that quality .

Luster: I would check the mineral for its ability to reflect light. A mineral's luster is its shininess and its ability to shine and gloss.

Color: The color of a mineral helps to classify…...

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Works Cited

Lutgen, F.K., & Tarbuck, E.J. (2011). Foundations of earth science (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Chapter 1

Minerals
In the daily life of an Average American there are numerous materials one encounters which are extracted from minerals that are mined. For the purpose of example, the following materials will be discussed with specific investigation of the minerals mined to supply each of these materials. The materials are limestone, salt, plaster, copper, and graphite, each is encountered on a daily basis and are extracted from certain minerals that are mined.

Limestone is the first material that will be discussed and has a number of uses including "road aggregate, as building stone, and as the main ingredient in portland cement." (Lutgen, 2011, p.31) It is in it's form as portland cement that the average American encounters limestone. Portland cement is used in the construction of many of the buildings an average person will enter from shopping malls, office buildings, or many other types of structures. It is nearly impossible for a…...

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References

Lutgen, F.K., Tarbuck, E.J.. (2011). Foundations of Earth Science (6th ed.) Upper Saddle

River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Print.

Mineral ater
Deerside is a mineral water firm that is marketing a premium mineral water from the Republic of Georgia that has minerals known to contribute to colon and intestinal health. The high cost of bringing this water from Georgia to the United States, combined with its curative properties, necessitates a premium position in the market, so that that the high cost of shipping the water can be recouped in the market. There is a unique challenge in marketing this water in that FDA approval is required for any food or beverage product that is deemed to be a dietary supplement. Thus, if Deerside wishes to make claims with regards to the health benefits of the water, it must apply for FDA approval as a supplement. The company can market the water without this approval, but must tread carefully with the wording of its promotions.

There are a number of elements to…...

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Works Cited:

Hsu, T. (2010). Fiji Water to stop operating in Fiji. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 17, 2011 from  http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/30/business/la-fi-fiji-water-20101130 

Transparency International. (2010). Global Corruption Perceptions Index 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2011 from  http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results

The reason behind the apparent shortage of minerals, and generally of all commodities (petroleum, natural gas, coal, and so on) is the corporate interest of using this artificial situation to enable the profit creation, for the company and its shareholders. The mining industry is estimated to possess raw materials for a maximum period of 20 years. Another example is platinum, subject again to Cohen's theory, that declares that 90% of world reserves are concentrated in only one location - ushveld complex in South Africa, so new discoveries and possible manufacturing changes are virtually impossible. Also the article stipulates that on average the platinum and gold mines have a depth of 4 kilometers, while in South Africa the depth is only 2 kilometers. This is clear evidence that producers do not have the motivation to continue the investments for exploring purposes, due to the profit maximization purposes.
Another element of discussion…...

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Bibliography

1) Grant Cawthorn -Resource restrictions - New Scientist - Johannesburg, South Africa, 27th of October 2007

2) Charlie Pye-Smith - Biodiversity: a new perspective, New Scientist, 10th of December 2005

3) Governmental information program

  information retrieved on 12th of Octoberhttp://minerals.usgs.gov -

Apex Minerals, Australia
Mining can be an iffy science due to the fact that indicators of the ore, whichever ore happens to be the focus of the endeavor, can be misled. If this is the case then a mine may have to be abandoned or shafts excavated in new areas around the original to uncover what is known to be there. If the ore is coal, then it is probably plentiful in a specific area, but more precious ores may be more elusive. Gold mining is one of the types.

Gold mining does occur on the micro-level of a single miner panning or digging for gold in an area that is known to contain ore. Claim are made, and the individual miners and their families work the claim or claims until there is nothing else to be had there easily. Then the miners move on to other areas. But, this is…...

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References

Apex Minerals NL., (2012). Corporate profile. Retrieved from http://www.apexminerals.com.au/corporate_company_profile.php

Aronson, D. (1998). Overview of systems thinking. The Thinking Page. Retrieved from http://www.thinking.net/Systems_Thinking/OverviewSTarticle.pdf

Laszlo, A., & Krippner, S. (1998). Systems theories: Their origins, foundations and development. From J.S. Jordan, Ed. Systems theories and a priori aspects of perception, pp. 47-74. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

Martes, R. (2009). Inductive vs. deductive reasoning. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/facts_5171103_inductive-versus-deductive-reasoning.html

Strategic Plan
The mineral water market is highly competitive, so Deerside will require a comprehensive strategy in order to excel in the marketplace. There are a number of different theoretical approaches that can be taken in order to understand the strategy that the firm should undertake in order to carve out its niche in this market. Before working with these approaches, Deerfield management needs to understand its product and the consumer base for mineral water in general. The product is a mineral water from the Republic of Georgian. As there are few Georgian people in the U.S., there is no inherent appeal to this water on the grounds of its national origins. The primary appeal of this water is expected to be the content of the water. This water is rich in ingredients that have been proved to be good for the human digestive system and the prevention of colon diseases.…...

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Works Cited:

Johnson, R. (2010). Three value disciplines -- which one defines your company? Evan Carmichael.com. Retrieved May 12, 2011 from   -- Which-One-Defines-Your-Company.htmlhttp://www.evancarmichael.com/Human-Resources/4813/Three-Value-Disciplines 

QuickMBA.com (2010). Porter's generic strategies. QuickMBA. Retrieved May 12, 2011 from  http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml

Sustainably Optimizing Mineral Nutrition in Lactating Cows
The literature on animal nutrition has comprehensively addressed the nutrients that cattle must have for healthy growth, reproduction, and lactation. Considerable research has been conducted to determine the amounts of specific nutrients that must be part of any formula for "economically efficient diets" (Weiss, 2010). Both short-term and long-term metrics must be accounted for when developing adequate feeding diets for livestock. This means that the nutrient quantities must not be excessive, but must contribute to the profitability of the livestock raising or dairy operations while simultaneously seeking to minimize the environmental impact of these activities.

Feeding Diet Trace Minerals for Lactating Cows

Trace minerals -- those required in only minute quantities such as milligram or microgram -- needed by lactating cows have been identified through research. Nine trace minerals are thought to be essential for healthy lactating cows. While it is entirely possible that other minerals…...

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References

Hackbart, K.S., Ferreira, R.M., Dietsche, A.A., Socha, M.T., Shaver, R.D., Wiltbank, M.C. & Fricke, P.M. (2010). Effect of dietary organic zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt supplementation on milk production, follicular growth, embryo quality, and tissue mineral concentrations in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 88(12), 3856-3870. doi:10.2527/jas.2010-3055. Retrieved from https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas/articles/88/12/3856?highlight=&search-result=1

Linden, D.R., Titgemeyer, E.C., Olson, K.C., & Anderson, D.E. (2014). Effects of gestation and lactation on forage intake, digestion, and passage rates of primiparous beef heifers and multiparous beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 92(5), 2141-2151. doi:10.2527/jas.2013-6813. Retrieved from https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas/articles/92/5/2141?highlight=&search-result=1

Overton, T.R. & Yasui, T. (2014). Practical applications of trace minerals for dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 92(2), 416-426. doi:10.2527/jas.2013-7145. Retrieved from https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas/articles/92/2/416?highlight=&search-result=1

UGA Extension (2013, June). Common terms used in animal feeding and nutrition (B 1367). Retrieved from  http://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.cfm?number=B1367

Capital Budgeting
Financial Analysis of a Mineral Resources Opportunity on the North Ridge of Mt. Zircon

Situation Overview

Engineers working for Peru Resources have proposed a new mine on the North Ridge of Mt. Zircon. They have discovered a vein of transcendental zirconium ore that led them to believe that there was a sufficient amount to produce roughly 340 tons of this mineral per year for a seven-year period. Furthermore, it was believed that this vein may also contain hydrated zircon gemstones however this mineral resource is more difficult to predict beforehand and a conservative estimate of one hundred fifty pounds of this mineral could be sourced from this site on an annual basis.

The current market price for transcendental zirconium is ten thousand dollars per ton while the current price of hydrated zircon gemstones is three thousand three hundred dollars per pound. However, these prices are heavily dependent on the international market for…...

e. counting carbohydrates and monitor the number of carbohydrates that are in my diet. Another thing to watch is fat intake (Whitney & olfes, 1999, pp.580-581).
5. Doing this assignment has proven that my diet has not been as good as it could be. It has come to my attention that some foods and lack of activity could possibly be leading to problems further down the road. I also realize now why it is so important to follow my diet plan, get plenty of exercise, and drink lots of water, considering this all plays an important role in my overall well being. Now I now to make healthy smart decisions and always consider the long-term effects of what I put into my body.

7-day meal journal

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Snack

Cup of frosted flakes

Cup of whole milk small apple

Grilled cheese

Apple pie

8 oz juice

Steak

Mashed potatoes w/gravy glazed donut popcorn

Cheerios

Whole milk

Pop tart

Turkey sandwich

Grapes

Juice

Spaghetti and meatballs green beans and small…...

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Reference

Whitney, E.N., & Rolfes, S.R. (1999). Understanding Nutrition (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth.

Whole Food-Based Supplementation vs. Fragmented Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation
Americans' interest in nutrition has grown in proportion to their waistlines over the last 30 years or so. Further, as healthcare in general improves and the population ages, problems associated with old age which were relatively rare in the past (because few people lived to see their 80th birthday) have become increasingly common. This has also contributed to the growing interest in nutrition among Americans. Unfortunately, this interest has most frequently taken the form of an act of desperation -- people look for a silver bullet to slay the monster of obesity or senescence (Tomlin, 2001). The silver bullet itself most often takes the form of a nutritional supplement or a fad diet. People seldom address the root cause of their obesity or medical problems, usually a lack of self-discipline at the dinner table and/or the gym. Even when embracing a fad…...

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References

1. Boilleau, T.W., et al. "Prostate carcinogenesis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-testosterone-treated rats fed tomato powder, lycopene, or energy-restricted diets." Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (2003) 95:21. pp. 1578-1586.

2. Castenmiller, J.J.M., West, C.E. Bioavailability and Bioconversion of Carotenoids" Annual Review of Nutrition. (1998). 18. pp. 19-38.

3. Fairweather-Tait, S.J. "Minerals and Trace Elements -- Summary" European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. (1997). 51, Supplement 1, p. 3.

4. Fairweather-Tait, Susan J., Teucher, Birgit "Iron and Calcium Bioavailability of Fortified Foods and Dietary Supplements" Nutrition Reviews. (Summer, 2002). 60:12, pp. 360-367

Obsidian is volcanic glass and igneous rock formed from silicon-rich molten magma. Although the most common or well-known obsidian is black, the volcanic glass does come in different colors including “mahogany, red, flame, midnight lace, jet black, pumpkin, brown, rainbow, gold sheen, silver sheen, green, lizard skin, snowflake and more,” (Miller 1). The color variations are due to the iron, magnesium, and other “impurities,” (“Obsidian: Definition, Properties & Uses”). As a glass, more than 70% of obsidian is comprised of silicon dioxide (silica), but unlike quartz, obsidian does not crystallize. Obsidian is formed from magma that cools relatively close to the surface, in the absence of water but in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the creation of polymer chains (“Obsidian: Definition, Properties & Uses”). Unlike pumice and other volcanic rocks, though, obsidian has no gas bubbles. Obsidian is chemically similar to granite, which can also form from magma. However, granite…...

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Works Cited

Daley, Jason. “Did Ancient Pacific Islanders Use Obsidian to Make Their Tattoos? Smithsonian. July 13, 2016. Retrieved online:

Miller, Jim. “Obsidian is Hot Stuff.” Retrieved online: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/205

“Obsidian: Definition, Properties & Uses” Geology. Retrieved online: https://www.geologyin.com/2015/08/obsidian-definition-properties-uses.html

Renfrew, Colin, Dixon, J.E. and Cann, J.R. “Obsidian and Early Cultural Contact in the Near East.” Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Vol. 32, Dec 1966, pp. 30-72.

Shadbolt, Peter. “How Stone Age blades are still cutting it in modern surgery.” CNN. April 2, 2015. Retrieved online: http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/health/surgery-scalpels-obsidian/index.html

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/did-ancient-pacific-islanders-use-obsidian-make-their-tattoos-180959791/#GGohZYFgxtwAcwH4.99

Conflict with Getting Minerals from the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) is Important to China's Economy
Globalization is a significant part of the business world. It offers many opportunities for change and growth, and helps people connect to one another even if they are across the world from each other. eing able to buy something from the next town over or the other side of the world can make a person very happy, and can also help companies expand and gain new clients. However, what the person is buying and where the items are coming from is very important. Some globalization has resulted in a desire for items that are coming from countries where the people are not being treated well. When that happens, it can be a serious violation of human rights and can cause a significant number of problems in the country from which the items are being…...

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Bibliography

Eichstaedt, Peter (2011). Consuming the Congo: War and Conflict Minerals in the World's Deadliest Place. Chicago: Chicago Review Press.

Ma, Tiffany. (2013). China and Congo's Coltan Connection. Project 2049 Institute: 1-7.

Magistad, Mary Kay (2011). Slideshow: Why Chinese Mineral Buyers are Eyeing Congo. PRI.org. Retrieved from  http://pri.org/stories/2011-10-26/slideshow-why-chinese-mineral-buyers-are-eying-congo 

Meale, David. (2009). China's Quest for Resources in Africa: Emerging Opportunities for New U.S. Policy Approaches. The Industrial College of the Armed Forces: 1-52.

vitamin and mineral supplement products which are presently used, and compare and analyze its' amount of nutrients with the generally established nutrient guidelines per day, specifically by considering the DA or AI and UL of the nutrients in question as related to women from 19 to 30 years of age, together with evaluating the daily use of those two products of choice.
The first supplement brought into question is Caltrate 600+D3, whose quantity of nutrients in a single tablet amounts to 800 IU of vitamin D3 and 600 mg of calcium. According to a 2010 re-evaluation of dietary reference intake, the Council for esponsible Nutrition agreed that the adequate value of calcium nutrient for women aged 19 to 50 falls between the AI of 1000 mg and the UL of 2500 mg (Dickinson, 2012). Thus, the recommended dose of one tablet of Caltrate 600+D3 per day would provide 60% of…...

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References

Dickinson, A. (2012). The Benefits of Nutritional Supplements. Washington, DC: Council for Responsible Nutrition. [Online]. Available:   [2013, July 9]http://www.crnusa.org/benefits/files/CRN-BenefitsofNutritionalSupplements-2012.pdf .

A.D.A.M.. (2012, August). Vitamin C In The New York Times. [Online]. Available:   [2013, July 9]http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/nutrition/vitamin-c 

The variability of salt consumption in horses makes it difficult to use salt as a carrier for other nutrients. It is preferable to offer a balanced feed that is designed for the type of horse you are feeding and simply provide free choice white salt" ("Don't forget the salt," CFC, 2006).
Treatment and prognosis for recovery

Horses that are salt starved "must be introduced to salt slowly. Salt poisoning is possible if salt is suddenly available. Symptoms of salt poisoning are digestive upset and cramps" if the horse indulges in too much salt at once ("Horses and salt," University of isconsin, 2010). Salt is the only mineral which horses know they need. "Horses can be deficient in copper or any other mineral and not consume the needed amounts when they are available. But horses will eat salt if their body needs it" ("Horses and salt," University of isconsin, 2010). hen being…...

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Works Cited

"A pinch of salt." Horse and Rider. 2001. February 5, 2010.

 http://www.horses-and-horse-information.com/articles/0701salt.shtml 

"Don't forget the salt." CFC farm and home center. January-February 2006.

February 5, 2010. http://www.cfcfarmhome.net/images/E0228001/horsenewsjanfeb.pdf

Metamorphic, Igneous, And Sedimentary Rocks and Their Application to Planets in the Solar System
The objective of this study is to examine metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks and their application to planets in the solar system.

There are reported to be three primary classes of rocks, which are classified according to their origination. The three rock types are metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when bodies of magma cool. As time passes and the rocks undergo process due to various weather cycles the igneous rocks erode and the particles and chemicals, which settle into beds, become compressed or cemented forming into what are known as sedimentary rocks. In the event igneous rocks are buried and then undergo a high state of heating and compression they form into what are known as metamorphic rocks. Eventually, the rocks undergo heat and compression and then melt with the molten rock forming another…...

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Bibliography

Basic Rock Types (2012) Zooinverse. Geology Basics. Retrieved from:  http://www.moonzoo.org/Geology_Basics 

Major Rock Types (2012) Rocks & Other Mineral Sources. Retrieved from:  http://www.galleries.com/rocks/default.htm 

Nelson, SA (2012) Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles. Tulane University. Retrieved from: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/struct%26materials.htm

Cosmetology: A Comprehensive Overview

Cosmetology is the art and science of enhancing the appearance of the skin, hair, and nails. It encompasses various treatments and techniques aimed at improving one's overall physical appearance. This essay provides a comprehensive overview of cosmetology, exploring its history, evolution, different branches, and significance in society.

The History of Cosmetology

Cosmetology has its roots in ancient civilizations, where people used natural ingredients like herbs, minerals, and oils to adorn themselves. In ancient Egypt, for example, women applied kohl to their eyes and wore elaborate wigs made from human hair or wool. In ancient Greece, men and women used....

Thesis Statement: Breastfeeding offers substantial benefits for both mothers and infants, promoting optimal health outcomes and fostering a unique bond between them. Its advantages range from providing essential nutrients to reducing the risk of diseases and enhancing cognitive development in infants, while also providing health benefits and convenience for mothers.

Introduction:

The practice of breastfeeding has been recognized as a fundamental aspect of parenting, providing infants with the optimal nutrition they need to thrive. This thesis delves into the multitude of benefits breastfeeding offers to both mothers and their infants, highlighting the positive impact it can have on health, development, and emotional....

Brazil's Economic Wealth

Brazil, the largest country in South America, boasts a diverse economy with significant wealth and natural resources. However, despite its economic prominence, Brazil faces substantial challenges related to inequality, poverty, and socioeconomic disparities.

GDP and Economic Indicators

Brazil's gross domestic product (GDP) is the ninth largest in the world, reaching over USD 1.6 trillion in 2022. This represents a significant contribution to the global economy. Brazil's GDP per capita is around USD 7,600, placing it in the upper-middle-income category.

The country's economic growth has been driven by several factors, including its abundance of natural resources, such as oil, minerals, and agricultural....

## Outlining an Essay on Recycling: A Comprehensive Guide

### Introduction

Hook: Begin with a compelling statistic, anecdote, or question related to recycling.
Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument or purpose of your essay, e.g., "Recycling is essential for preserving our planet's resources and mitigating environmental degradation."

### Body Paragraph 1: Environmental Benefits of Recycling

Topic sentence: Discuss the positive impact of recycling on the environment, such as reducing waste in landfills.
Supporting points:
Describe how recycling helps conserve natural resources (e.g., trees, minerals).
Explain how it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and pollution.
Provide specific examples of successful recycling programs.

### Body....