The authors maintain that the military has factors that are matched by very few civilian jobs. These features include:
1. Risk of injury or death to the service member;

2. Periodic (often prolonged) separation from other immediate family members;

3. Geographic mobility;

4. Residence in foreign countries, and

5. Normative role pressures placed upon family members because they are considered (associate) members of the employee's organization.

Obviously, in this paper, we are interested in prolonged separation and its effects upon the military family. According the chapter's authors, Special Forces units, military police and infantry are gone a lot from home, whereas medics, doctors and other administrative specialists are not. As they state, "e were unable to find comparable civilian statistics, but we are quite sure that civilian families…do not usually experience separations approaching the number of days that soldiers are away from home." According to their research, the average number of weeks that enlisted soldiers,…...

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Works Cited

"Army Readiness Group Family Readiness Group." Army Readiness Group Family

Readiness Group. Army Readiness Group, 2010. 3 Jul 2010. .

Bell, D. Bruce & Schumm, Walter R. "Balancing Work and Family Demands in the Military: What Happens When Your Employer Tells You to Go to War?"

in ed. Halpern, Diane F. And Murphy, Susan Elaine. From Work-Family Balance to Work Family Interaction: Changing the Metaphor. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2005.

In wartime, those hardships pale in comparison to the emotional anxiety associated with the natural concerns for the health, safety, and welfare of loved ones. Every news report about U.S. personnel killed or wounded in the theater in which their loved ones serve is a source of anxiety and fear until family members can confirm that the casualties did not involve their loved ones. Meanwhile, everyday civilian life must go on despite the fact that fathers and mothers cannot attend many of the ordinary events in the lives of their children that civilian families often take for granted. Upon their safe return, their prolonged absence is associated with higher than normal rates of marital problems and divorce, even without specific precipitating factors such as depression or PTSD (McGirk, 2009).
Solutions

Unfortunately, there may be no solution for many of the natural consequences of prolonged military deployment simply by virtue of the…...

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References

McGirk T. "The Hell of PTSD" Time; Vol. 174, No. 21 (2009): 40-43

Deployment on Military Families
Cause (Deployment) Effect (Stress on Families / Children)

The stress on military families when the father or mother is deployed -- whether the deployment is to a war zone or to another place -- can be very intense and psychologically stressful. There is a great deal of literature on what military families experience before, during, and after deployment, and this paper provides several peer-reviewed articles that discuss and assess the situations that military families must deal with during deployment. Thesis: families left at home when a military parent is deployed face social and psychological issues that do not necessarily end when that parent returns from deployment; however, there are strategies to reduce the stress once the parent returns home from the deployment.

The Literature -- Psychological Adjustment for Children

The psychological adjustments that children must make -- especially children with "…preexisting psychological conditions" such as depression or anxiety --…...

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Works Cited

Hinojosa, Ramon, Hinojosa, Melanie Sberna, and Hognas, Robin S. "Problems with Veteran-

Family Communication During Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom

Military Deployment." Military Medicine, 177.2 (2012): 191-197.

Lincoln, Alan, Swift, Erika, and Shorteno-Fraser, Mia. "Psychological Adjustment and Treatment of Children and Families With Parents Deployed in Military Combat." Journal

ut it does not come without cost to the local school system." (National Military Family Association, 2006) This report relates funding is provided through the U.S. Department of education Impact Aid Program that go to district who are educating military children to support the districts in educating large numbers of military children including their frequent movements and the need for counseling and other resources. (National Military Family Association, 200;, paraphrased)
III. RECOMMENDATIONS of JOHN HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

John Hopkins University researchers state recommendations for schools who educate military children which include the following: (1) Know your students: Children of military families tend to be hard-working, focused, and goal-oriented; (2) Schools need to provide opportunities for them to excel; (3) Set up strategies to welcome new students; (4) e flexible when students move in or out to assist them in fulfilling graduation requirements and becoming involved in school activities; (5) Engage parents: Military…...

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Bibliography

Pre-K for Military Families: Honoring Service, Educating Children (2007) Pre-K Now Research Series July 2007. McCormick Tribune Foundation. Online available at  http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/uploadedFiles/Pre-K%20for%20Military%20Families.pdf 

Month of the Military Child (2008) Connections April 2008 Army Reserve Family Programs. Online available at http://www.arfp.org/skins/ARFP/display.aspx?ModuleID=8cde2e88-3052-448c-893d-d0b4b14b31c4&CategoryID=92d19fef-3459-40de-8f84-dbde04b1a1a1&ObjectID=b8080813-c5c2-4c0b-a59f-3a4f894b834c&AllowSSL=true

Military Children and Families (2008) Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress. Online available at  http://www.centerforthestudyoftraumaticstress.org/aboutyou.militarychildren.shtml 

Kids Serve Too (2005) a Salute to America's Military Children. 13 Apr 2005. Online available at http://www.firebrandstudio.com/ks2/doc/KS2presskit.pdf

Military Needs to Step Down
General Creighton Abrams said, "There must be within our Army, a sense of purpose. There must be a willingness to march a little farther, to carry a heavier load, to step out into the dark and the unknown for the safety and well-being of others (United States)." U.S. military troops are indeed marching farther and farther, expanding into different nations at this very moment: Afghanistan, Egypt, Indonesia, Columbia, Japan, and 58 other countries. However, this isn't what Abrams had in mind. In total, there are 255,065 U.S. military personnel deployed worldwide (Sivitz). But who assigned the U.S. military the task of serving as an international police force? For years, U.S. political and military strategists have conceived a fraudulent justification for increased military deployment that they call "The Global War on Terrorism." Did someone call them for immediate help? Did someone give them the right to occupy…...

Military Children and the Effects of Long Deployments on Them
Over the last several years, the children of parents who are serving in the military are facing increasing amounts of scrutiny. This is because one or both of their parents are being sent on long deployments to Afghanistan. These shifts are directly resulting in them and their caregivers having to make dramatic adjustments. (Wells, 2012)

According to a study conducted by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), they found that their ability to adjust will involve the family situation, age and their environment. These factors are leading to some adapting more effectively than others. Evidence of this can be seen with observations from the report which says, "Children's reactions to deployment-related parental absence vary by age, developmental stage, and other individual and family factors. While young children are likely to exhibit externalizing behavior such as anger and attention difficulties, school-age children demonstrate…...

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References

Report on the Impact of Deployment. (2010). Military One Source. Retrieved from:

 http://www.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/Report_to_Congress_on_Impact_ 

of_Deployment_on_Military_Children.pdf

Baker, L. (2009). Developmental Issues Impacting Military Families. Military Medicine, 174 (1),

Military personnel must achieve and maintain the best physical conditioning of they are reasonably able to reach for the duration of their enlistment as a fundamental obligation of being fit for duty. Smoking makes that impossible. Likewise, the American taxpayer has a justifiable interest in reducing the costs of fielding a military by eliminating unnecessary costs. Smoking invariably adds to the already substantial costs of providing medical care to armed services personnel, both during their active service as well as throughout their lives afterwards to the extent they rely on veteran's services for medical care.
Military personnel already understand that the privilege and benefits associated with military service entail various restrictions on rights enjoyed by civilians. In this case, military justice must catch up to the manner in which civilian society has already incorporated the understanding of the risks of smoking into American life.

eferences

Dershowitz, Alan. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties…...

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References

Dershowitz, Alan. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. New York:

Touchstone.

O'Neill, Xana and Lite, Jordan. "Real Estate Companies Making it Tougher for Smokers

in Their Homes" The New York Daily News, March 30, 2008. Retrieved February

In addition, the Marines have a much smaller force than the army.
On the other hand, the army cannot be as selective as the marines because it needs to maintain a much higher number of troops. The article explains that the army "needs 80,000 new soldiers this year and must find them in a populace that is in many ways less willing and less able to serve than earlier generations were (Mockenhaupt, 2007, pg.86)." The article explains that teenagers and young adults are overweight and less fit than any previous generation. In addition, this generation of young Americans eats more unhealthy foods, watches more television, and engages in less physical activity than previous generations. The article further asserts that this generation is "more individualistic and less inclined to join the military. And with the unemployment rate hovering near historic lows, they have other choices (Mockenhaupt, 2007, pg.86)."

Overall it is apparent…...

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References

Anderson, P.M., & Butcher, K.F. (2006). Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes. The Future of Children, 16(1), 19+.

Body Mass Index. http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/

Belkin D. (February 20, 2006) Struggling for recruits, Army relaxes its rules: Fitness, education, age criteria change. The Boston Globe Retrieved March 16, 2008 from;  http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/02/20/struggling_for_recruits_army_relaxes_its_rules/?page=1 

Daniels, S.R. (2006). The Consequences of Childhood Overweight and Obesity. The Future of Children, 16(1), 47+.

Canadian Forces, small group military relationships
Within the Canadian Forces, how are small group military relationships on operational deployments in Kabul, Afghanistan?

A group is mostly defined to be two or more people interacting together so they can achieve a common specific goal. The main purpose of the group would be towards a shared and desired outcome. With this in mind, Military groupings are formed to achieve a common interest like defeating a common foe, or lobbying for a specific cause. The group will have some form of leadership structure to ensure it is not mistaken for a crowd. The leadership for military groups is formal. Military groups report to one leader, and follow the orders or instructions given by their leader. For the effectiveness of the military groups, the group members should work together. Working closely together, and for long periods, the group members will form certain bonds, and relationships…...

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References

Cox, D.R., & Snell, E.J. (1974). The Choice of Variables in Observational Studies. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics), 23(1), 51-59.

Jiroutek, M.R., Muller, K.E., Kupper, L.L., & Stewart, P.W. (2003). A New Method for Choosing Sample Size for Confidence Interval-Based Inferences. Biometrics, 59(3), 580-590.

Johnson, B.A., & Tsiatis, A.A. (2004). Estimating Mean Response as a Function of Treatment Duration in an Observational Study, Where Duration May Be Informatively Censored. Biometrics, 60(2), 315-323.

Morgan, D.L. (1996). Focus Groups. Annual Review of Sociology, 22(ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: 1996 / Copyright © 1996 Annual Reviews), 129-152.

military deployment affects military families. The writer explores the many differences between deployed and non-deployed families and examines some of the things being done to ease the stress and problems that deployment presents. There were 10 sources used to complete this paper.
Americans are waiting with anxious anticipation as the federal government attempts to convince the United Nations that a war with Iraq is in order. President Bush as well as Colin Powell have spent days addressing the issue and presenting evidence of the need to forcibly disarm Iraq. As the world watches the events unfold, nations are lining up on one side or the other of the issue. France, Germany and ussia are asking the United States to hold off on an attack and see if a more peaceful solution can be hammered out. Britain, Canada and several others have pledged if a war erupts, they will send troops…...

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References

Peterson, Karen S.(2001).Peterson, Long deployments stress military families., USA Today, pp 08D.

2001). INDSTRY GROUP 91, AIR FORCE SPOUSE ADDRESSES QUALITY-OF-LIFE ISSUES BEFORE CONGRESS FEDERAL DOCUMENT CLEARING HOUSE, INC.., Regulatory Intelligence Data.

Author not available (2001). U.S. REPRESENTATIVE DAVID HOBSON (R-OH) CHAIRMAN U.S. REPRESENTATIVE DAVID HOBSON (R-OH) HOLDS HEARING ON MILITARY QUALITY OF LIFE., Washington Transcript Service.

____(1999). INDSTRY GROUP 91, DOD STUDIES MISSION, FAMILY NEEDS., Regulatory Intelligence Data.

" (Rand National Defense Research Institute, 2009)
It is reported by Rand National Defense Research Institute that when service members and their spouses were polled for the purpose of making an assessment of the readiness of the family for the most recent deployment. Findings state as follows:

65% of service members and 60% of spouses indicated (Rand National Defense Research Institute, 2009)

The way that family readiness was defined is stated to however vary and that there are three specific readiness categories were cited including:

(1) financial readiness;

(2) readiness related to household responsibilities; and (3) Emotional or mental readiness. (Rand National Defense Research Institute, 2009)

It is critically important that knowledge be gained concerning how families prepare for deployment of the service member. It was found in the study conducted by Rand National Defense Research Institute that "…like readiness, coping meant different things to different families." (2009)

Those who had no defined representation of coping totaled…...

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Bibliography

Castaneda, Laura Werber (2008) Deployment Experiences of Guard and Reserve Families: Implications for Support and Retention. Rand National Defense Research Institute. Online available at:  http://www.litagion.com/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG645.sum.pdf 

How Can the Military Best Support Guard and Reserve Families During Deployment? (2009) Rand National Defense Research Institute. Online available at: www.rand.org

CHAPTER FOUR: Results (4-5 pages)

Pisano, Mark C. (2008) Military Deployment: How School Psychologists Can Help. NASP Communique, Vol 37 #2. October 2008. Online available at:  http://www.nasponline.org/publications/cq/mocq372deployment.aspx

Deployments on National Guard and eserve Soldiers and Families
The use of reserve components for support of "overseas contingencies has increased significantly since September 11, 2001, and the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq."[footnoteef:1] This has resulted in a great impact on the members of the reserve forces and their families upon deployment of these members of the National Guard services to Afghanistan and Iraq. It is related in the work of the "Defense Science Task Force on Deployment of Members of the National Guard and eserve in the Global War on Terrorism "that while children's "behavioral responses and mental health status during noncombat or routine deployments relate to the level of concurrent family stressors and/or maternal psychopathology…" that "…less is known about children from U.S. military families during a time of war or about the impact on children and families of a parent's combat experience or the combat deployment…...

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References

Defense Science Task Force on Deployment of Members of the National Guard and Reserve in the Global War on Terrorism (2007) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Washington, DC Retrieved from:  http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA478163.pdf 

Elliott, Matt (2010) Q&A with Stacy Bannerman. PBS. 19 Aug 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.pbs.org/pov/regardingwar/conversations/blog-1/qa-with-stacy-bannerman.php

Gever, John (nd) Extended Military Deployments to Combat Areas Increase Stress, Anxiety and Depression among Families. MedPage Today. Retrieved from:  http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2010/01/extended-military-deployments-combat-areas-increase-stress-anxiety-depression-families.html 

Mansfield, A.J. et al. (2007) Deployment and the Use of Mental Health Services among U.S. Military Wives. All Military. Retrieved from: http://www.allmilitary.com/board/viewtopic.php?id=27225

“As Long as The Personal and Societal Safety of American Citizens Is at Risk from External Threats, Historical Precedents Suggest That Rather Few Limits Will Be Placed on The Use of American Military Power, Or on The Constraints the United States Will Impose on The Peoples of Other Countries.” The government of America exists for its citizens’ welfare, an obligation which encompasses being in charge of both its internal and external affairs. US foreign policy’s key principles are: defense of the physical territory of America, safeguarding citizens from attacks by enemies, promoting the status and economic interests of America, and promoting the nation’s democracy- and freedom- related values across the world. By end-twentieth century, the US’s foreign policy entailed relationships with a total of 159 states that were typically competitive, supportive at times, and at other times clearly unfriendly (Deutsch, 1997).
The government’s executive wing has largely remained in charge of US…...

Military ar or Campaign
The world has existed amidst a set of wars and conflicts that have shaped political systems, governments, and humanitarian associations. Gulf ar is one of the universal and all time conflicts that rocked the world. ith equitable measures and categorical procedures, philosophies, missions, and visions of these wars, this piece of study exemplifies Gulf ar as one of America's participatory wars in the world. The article tries to establish the basement of Gulf ar together with its consequences and responses it received from the United States of America and the world as a whole.

and the Middle East have been on good terms for quite some time. Various wars between the U.S. And countries including Iraq have occurred. In such instances, military deployment by the U.S. government is intense supported by its foreign policies. This study focuses on the 1990/91 Gulf ar. The America's paradoxical love-hate relationship…...

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Works cited

Boyne, Walter J. Gulf War: A Comprehensive Guide to People, Places & Weapons. New York: Signet, 1991. Print.

Bulloch, John, and Harvey Morris. The Gulf War: Its Origins, History, and Consequences.

London: Methuen London, 1989. Print.

Carlisle, Rodney, and John S. Bowman. Persian Gulf War. New York: Facts on File, 2003.

Military Deployment Impacts Families
Families are social structures that, like all structures, require stability and solid foundations to serve their purpose (Joshi, Connelly, osenberg, 2014). If the purpose of the family is to provide shelter and support for the growth and development of the individual members of the family as active participants of society, a family that suffers from departures of significant or substantial role players/infrastructural supporters can have a negative effect on the remaining members and in particularly children. Such is the case among military families, where military deployments create a void within the family system dynamic; i.e., while the military parent is away on military service, the house becomes essentially a single-parent home, with ramifications for both the parent and the children. This paper will discuss the issue of the effect of military deployment on the family.

Effects

While it is necessary that military deployments be enacted in order to…...

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References

Joshi, H., Connelly, R., Rosenberg, R. (2014). Family Structure and Stability. In:

Millennium Cohort Study Initial Findings from the Age 11 Survey. London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education.

Lester, P., Flake, E. (2013). How wartime military service affects children and families.

The Future of Children, 23(2): 121-141.