I take an oath of loyalty to the table / coated with white Formica, a cup full of pens, the ashtray / I dreamed that the State had passed out of existence / and with our children / we'd settled down in the three volumes of the / dictionary."(Shabtai, 39) Also, in Our Land he dramatically deplores the ugliness of his land. The poem is even more telling because of its many Biblical allusions. Thus, the people of God, as the Israeli used to be called are now murderers, and the land is covered in shame. In a violent, scathing image, Shabtai depicts the sky as the "broad buttocks of the murder" that has nothing of its original purity: "e quarreled / like the body parts of the man / who brought the milk of the lioness / down from the mountains / in the legend told by Bialik.…...

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Works Cited

Ali, Taha Muhammad. Never Mind: Twenty Poems and a Story. New York: Ibis Editions, 2000.

Mert, Ozkan. So What? New York: New Direction, 2003.

Lehrer, Jim. "Unscripted: segments from the NewsHour with Jim Lehrer.(Interview)(Broadcast transcript)." World Literature Today 81.5 (Sept-Oct 2007): 8(4). General OneFile. Gale. 2 Nov. 2007  http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS .

Shabtai, Aharon. J'accuse. New York: New Directions, 2001.

Thorough reviews of the Q'uran have revealed that it actually forbids sexual oppression of women. Several and well-entrenched customary practices in the region, however, violate women's basic human rights. These practices include honor crimes, stoning, female general mutilation, and virginity tests. Women researchers and activists did not find a basis for these practices in the Q'uran (Ilkakaracan).
Modernization in the 19th and 20th centuries, the foundation of nation-states and the establishment of nationalist ideologies and the rise of the Islamic religious right have somewhat modified the conditions of the women in the Middle East (Ilkkaracan 2002). Social values have begun evolving and strengthening the activities of women's groups to produce change. New attitudes about sexuality, especially among young people, have spurred new and progressive legal and social changes and reforms. As a consequence, a new basis for new rights for women has surfaced concerning their sexuality and family status. The…...

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Bibliography

Abukhalil, a'sad. Women in the Middle East. Foreign Policy in Focus: International

Relations Center, 2000. Retrieved on December 13, 2008 at  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb42/is_30_5/ai_n28798892?tag=content;col1 

Darraj, Susan Muaddi. The Case of Arab Feminism. Monthly Review: Monthly Review

Foundation, 2002. Retrieved on December 13, 2008 at  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_10_53/ai_84184713?tag=content;col1

Ali gives the reader the impression that there must be value in letting go of hatred and acknowledging the better emotions, such as those which are present in the former work by Ali, even if such purity is not the end to our means it is infinitely valuable nonetheless.
Eliaz Cohen writes of the universal historical struggles of power and control in the Middle East in Snow. (Cohen NP) Though Snow is a very brief poem, its conveyance of meaning is paramount to the history of the peoples of the Middle East. Cohen demonstrates that the world changing hands around the people makes it possible to see only the blood upon the snow rather than the beauty of the crisp white snow itself. "Snow on bleeding Jerusalem//as though bandaging her wounds//all rests in tranquility now//filling the cracks of yearning in the all//children in your streets Jerusalem//the children of Isaac and…...

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Works Cited

Ali, Taha Muhammad "Abd el-Hadi Fights a Superpower" & After We Die" Radical Teacher, Spring 2005 72-15 Retrieved November 10, 2007 from Academic Search Premier.

Cohen, Eliaz Snow Retrieved Novemeber 10, 2007 at  http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/entertainment/poetry/profiles/poet_ecohen.html 

Cooke, Miriam, and Roshni Rustomji-Kerns, eds. Blood into Ink: South Asian and Middle Eastern Women Write War. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994.

Karlinsky, Nahum. "California Dreaming: Adapting the "California Model" to the Jewish Citrus Industry in Palestine, 1917-1939." Israel Studies 5.1 (2000): 24-40.

Mahfouz was the first Arab to ever win the Nobel Prize for literature, while Orhan Pamuk was the first Turkish individual to win a Nobel Prize at all. In contrast to Mahfouz who criticized his nation's government only indirectly, Pamuk's open criticism of Turkish government practices outside of his fictional universe made him something of a cause celeb for human-rights organizations and writers' unions. Rather than praise, right-win Turkish patriots lobbied for punishing him under Article 301 of the Turkish criminal code. Article #01 bans expressions of speech that could be considered critical of the Turkish culture, and carries a penalty of up to three years in prison ("In Istanbul, a writer awaits her day in court," the Guardian, 2006). The feminist Turkish author Elif Shafak suffered a similar fate upon the publication of her novel the Bastard of Istanbul.

In the eyes of some esterners, the condemnation of both Elif…...

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Works Cited

Elif Shafak." All Things Considered. NPR. 6 Feb 2007. 28 Oct 2007.  http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7217653 

Eoan-Chuan, Howard. "Orhan Pamuk." Time Magazine. 26 Feb 2006.

28 Oct 2007.  http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1187233,00.html 

In Istanbul, a writer awaits her day in court." The Guardian. Books. 26 Jul 2006.

Isma'ilis believe only the descendants of Ali and Fatimah can be considered the rightful caliphs. As the center of power weakened in Baghdad, Persian nobles ignored the caliph and established their own kingdoms. Toward the end the Abbasid only had Iraq under their control. In 945 the Buyids invaded Iraq and forced the caliph to recognize their prince, called a sultan, as ruler of Iraq. Another problem started much earlier with the Turks. Turks were used as soldiers and slaves. As Abbasid power began to wane they hired entire armies of Turkish soldiers. In 1055 the Seljuks, a Turkish group took over Baghdad. The Turks pushed all the way to Damascus in 1076. The Seljuks established a feudal economy and one where military service is the means of acquiring land. After the Seljuks defeated the Byzantium Empire in 1071, the Byzantines called on the Pope for help in defeating…...

Symbolism of the Veil
In almost any modern social environment, not dictated by the standards and restrictions associated with a non-secular institution it is difficult for most people, not just women to imagine living life behind the screen of a veil. Though it may seem that this is true only of western states that is just not the case. The reality of the fundamentalist resurgence of the legalism of the Islamic religion is also a shock in locations much closer to the heat of the matter. Many Middle Eastern and North African countries have enjoyed relative freedom from non-secular rule, in some cases as long as they have been post-colonial, independent nations.

A recent resurgence of fundamentalist rule in some countries has brought women's rights to the forefront of social debate. It is for this reason that the discourse of the veil and the veil itself are recognized as the symbolic litmus…...

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Works Cited

Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.

Cooke, Miriam. "Women in the Middle East." NWSA Journal, Spring 1999, Vol. 11 Issue 1,

Inda, J. "Behind the Veil Debate." Unte Reader, March / April 1992 Issue 50, 23-24.

Rifaat, Alifa. Distant View of a Minaret and Other Stories. New York: Quartet Books, 1983.

exclusive title reference page) comparing contrasting middle-Eastern African terrorist movements. Your paper focus goals terrorist movements analyze methods involved.
Terrorism is one of the most significant evolutions in the international arena that the twentieth century has brought as more and more groups are formed and act to attain their objectives by the use of terror, be it violent or less violent. Having in view the magnitude that the 2001 effects had on the evolution of terrorism from a rather localized phenomenon to a global 'war on terror', it is important to understand the evolution of terrorism prior to 9/11. Looking towards the hottest area of the planet in what regards terrorism -- Middle East -- it is interesting to observe that many of these organizations have survived for a large period of time due to the manner in which they adapted not only their methods but also their objectives. From…...

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Bibliography

Lyman, P. (2004) The Terrorist Threat in Africa. Foreign Affairs, January/February 2004

Lyman, P. (2008) The War on Terrorism in Africa, from Harbeson, J. Africa in World Politics, Westview Pressi, extracted from  http://www.cfr.org/content/thinktank/Lyman_chapter_Terrorism.pdf

'The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade' contains specific references from the Koran" (Goodman). Thus, Middle Eastern literature's dependence on Islamic thought has spread far beyond the Middle East, and continues to influence other writings, as well.
Middle Eastern poetry often carries references to Islam, both implied and obvious. Another historian writes of an early poem celebrating Islam over tribal loyalties. He quotes, "My father is Islam, none else, / Though others boast of Bakr or of Tam-m. / Each of the tribes champions its pretender, / to make him out of noble stock" (Cachia 19). While this reference is quite obvious, many other writings use less obvious references, but still carry allusions to Islam, including many tenets of the religion, such as references to abstinence from drinking, living a spiritual life, and even punishment and/or enlightenment in the next world (Goodman). Others refer to visions of the Prophet himself, including miraculous…...

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References

Arkoun, Mohammed. Rethinking Islam: Common Questions, Uncommon Answers. Trans. Robert D. Lee. Ed. Robert D. Lee. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994.

Cachia, Pierre. Arabic Literature: An Overview. London: Routledge Curzon, 2002.

Goodman, Martha K. "Using Middle Eastern Literature and Allusions in Class." Central Virginia Community College. 1992. 27 Feb. 2007.  http://www.vccaedu.org/inquiry/vcca-journal/good.html

Law Enforcement Contact With Arab
SENSOY INDOO/OUTDOO ENVIONMENT

Law Enforcement Contact with Arab-Americans and Other Middle Eastern Groups

Chapter eight is a very diverse chapter. It explores everything from describe the historical background of the Arab-Americans to displaying the demographics of Arab-American populations. It also goes in detail to mention the diversity that is within the Arab-American and other Middle Eastern communities in the United States. Other areas that this chapter sheds light on were debating the effects of communication styles not to mention the group identification terms, myths and stereotypes. Also, chapter eight does a thorough job in discussing the family structure of Arab-Americans and other Middle Eastern groups for law enforcement. With that said, this essay will discuss and explain all topics in Chapter 8 Law Enforcement Contact with Arab-Americans and Other Middle Eastern Groups.

Arab Immigration to U.S.

Even though Arab-Americans in the past decade have been, to some extent, thrown into…...

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References

Grinc, R. (2004). "Angels in Marble: Problems Stimulating Community Involvement in Community Policing. Crime & Delinquency, 40(3), 437-468.

Henderson, N. J. (2013). LAW ENFORCEMENT & ARAB-American COMMUNITY RELATIONS AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 . New York City: Vera Institute of Justice.

Shusta, R. M. (2014). Multicultural Law Enforcement. New York City: Prentice Hall.

Sloan, S. (2013). "Meeting the Terrorist Threat: The Localization of Counter Terrorism Intelligence.." Police Practice and Research, 3(4), 337-345.

The workforce participation by women is higher in industrialized countries than ME countries. The years of compulsory schooling are lower in ME countries and the illiteracy rates are generally higher. The GDP is generally lower in ME countries than industrialized countries, as is the GDP per capita. Most of the ME countries are predominantly Muslim, where the industrialized countries are predominantly Christian. The birth rates are generally higher in the ME countries and there is a higher ratio of men to women.
Human Capital and the Middle East

1.a.

The co-efficient is 0.092.

1.b.

The regression coefficient is 0.04.

2. The estimated rate of return would be calculated using:

0.092x + e3.309 where x is the number of years schooling.

So the estimated return of 1 year of schooling would be $27.4.

As the regressions obtained are quite similar between the ME countries and industrialized countries it would be suggested that the differences in the amount of time…...

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References

Nationmaster (2007) Retrieved October 22, 2007, at  http://www.nationmaster.com .

The World Factbook (2007) CIA. Retrieved October 22, 2007, from  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html#Econ .

treatment of Western women to treatment of Middle Eastern women
This paper will compare the treatment of women in the West with the treatment of women from the Middle East. It should be borne in mind that the term 'Middle East' is a term constructed by people of the West to describe an area in which the West has a military interest; there is no such geographic area as the 'Middle East'. Further, the peoples of the Middle East are very heterogeneous, including people from Turkey, Iran, the Kurds, Armenians, Israelis, Palestinians, and others from a wide variety of Arab countries. earing these considerations in mind, therefore, in order to give some generalization to this paper, I will use a religious axis upon which to base my study of the treatment of women in the Middle East: the treatment of Middle Eastern women following Islam, and those following Judaism, will…...

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Bibliography.

Abdel Azeem, S. Women in Islam vs. Women in the Judaeo-Christian tradition: The Myth and Reality.

Mahnaz Murshid, T. Women, Islam and the State: Subordination and Resistance.

Rahman, A. Women in Society.

The Bible.

Role of Women Empowerment in Political Economy: A Comparative Study of UAE and OmanIntroductionThe impact of gender mainstreaming and women empowerment initiatives and legislation on UAEs domestic economy.In the past few decades, gender mainstreaming and women empowerment initiatives/legislation have had a significant impact on UAE's domestic economy. These policies have helped to close the gender gap in many sectors, including education, employment, and business ownership. As a result, women are now playing a major role in the country's workforce and are contributing significantly to its GDP. In addition, these programs have also led to increased social stability and prosperity, as women are more likely to reinvest their earnings in their families and communities. As the UAE continues to implement these initiatives, it is likely that its domestic economy will continue to benefit significantly (Al Khayyal et al., 2020).Structural economic reforms that have led/leading policy interventions in process of women empowerment.The…...

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References

Abou-Shouk, M. A., Mannaa, M. T., & Elbaz, A. M. (2021). Women\\\\\\'s empowerment and

tourism development: A cross-country study. Tourism management perspectives, 37, 100782.

Al Khayyal, A. O., Alshurideh, M., Al Kurdi, B., & Salloum, S. A. (2020, October).

Baghdad Diaries Persepolis
Nuha al-Radi's Baghdad Diaries: A oman's Chronicle of ar and Exile and Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood, and Marjane Satrapi's illustrated story, Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood, reveal profound insights about the impact of war. These novels examine how Iraqis and Iranians cope with the profound uncertainty, political repression, deprivation, and war that have impacted their homelands in recent years. Ultimately, al-Radi's novel gives an intimate portrait of the effect of war on the ordinary Iraqi, but fails to provide a larger ideological or political context. In contrast, Satrapi's Persepolis provides a complex understanding of war's effect on personal freedoms and ideology, but is less adapt than al-Radi's work in describing the lives of the average citizen. Taken together, these two works provide a complex portrayal of how war has impacted the lives of the ordinary person, as well as how war has shredded the personal…...

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Works Cited al-Radi, Nuha. 2003. Baghdad Diaries: A Woman's Chronicle of War and Exile. Vintage.

Satrapi, Marjane. 2003. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood. Pantheon Books.

The Lebanese and the overall middle easterners are known to be strict to their cultural beliefs and practices. Such beliefs and practices dictate every aspect of their lives and how they interact with other people from other cultures across the world as well as other aspects of life that are widely applicable in the contemporary world. This culture has a great impact on the structure and nature of health care that is appreciated among the Lebanese and other middle easterners (Shiloh, 2007). It is imperative to understand their cultural perception on care presentation, accommodation, and repatterning to offer a more effective healthcare under this cultural setting.
The Lebanese have a unique perception on culture care presentation. The cultural practices in Lebanon emphasize the importance of both nuclear and extended families. Moreover, the family members rely heavily on each other. During illnesses, the family members offer the primary care and support to…...

This has caused a divide in Iran, where traditionalists want to save the old religious and moral values, while many people want to bring more changes to Iran, like democracy and true free elections. This has created a rift in the country, and has caused unrest and even hatred of western values. That is one of the things that has caused Muslim fundamentalists in Iran (and elsewhere in the Middle East), to declare a war on American and westernization. This shows that modernization is not always a positive change, and that some countries simply do not need or want modern conveniences if it means they come along with western values. It is a time of social change in the country, and it is certain that more changes will happen in Iran today and in the future.
eferences

Mahmoodshahi, eza. "Westernization: A New Motif for evolution in Iran." Published:12/15/2002.

Mirsepassi, Ali. Intellectual Discourse…...

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References

Mahmoodshahi, Reza. "Westernization: A New Motif for Revolution in Iran." Published:12/15/2002.

Mirsepassi, Ali. Intellectual Discourse and the Politics of Modernization: Negotiating Modernity in Iran. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Rinehart, James F. Revolution and the Millennium: China, Mexico, and Iran. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1997.

Salehi, M.M. Insurgency through Culture and Religion: The Islamic Revolution of Iran. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988.

Nonverbal Communication: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Nonverbal communication, often referred to as body language, is a form of expression that conveys messages without the use of words. It includes gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact. Nonverbal communication plays a vital role in human interaction, conveying emotions, attitudes, and intentions. However, its significance and interpretation can vary widely across different cultures. This essay delves into the intricacies of nonverbal communication in various cultures, exploring how cultural factors influence the way people communicate nonverbally and the implications for cross-cultural communication.

1. Greetings:
Greetings set the tone for any interaction and often involve nonverbal cues.....

1. The Iraq War: Causes, Consequences, and Controversies

2. Assessing the Legitimacy and Justification of the Iraq War

3. Understanding the Impact of the Iraq War on Regional Stability

4. The Iraq War and its Effects on US Foreign Policy

5. Lessons Learned from the Iraq War: Implications for Future Military Interventions

6. The Iraq War and its Humanitarian Consequences

7. Analyzing the Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion during the Iraq War

8. Iraq War: A Clash of Cultures and Sectarian Divide

9. The Iraq War and its Economic Costs: A Comprehensive Analysis

10. Rebuilding Iraq: Challenges and Outcomes....

Bay Bithaman Ajil: A Review of Islamic Finance Literature

Introduction
Bay Bithaman Ajil (BBA) is a type of deferred payment sale transaction commonly used in Islamic finance. This literature review explores how Islamic finance literature interprets BBA transactions, examining its key characteristics, permissibility, and practical applications.

Historical and Conceptual Background
BBA originated during the early days of Islamic civilization as a means of facilitating trade and meeting financial needs. The term "Bay" refers to a sale contract, while "Bithaman" means "for a price" and "Ajil" means "deferred." In a BBA transaction, the seller sells an asset to the buyer for a price that is....