On the economic strategy, MEPI has sponsored commercial law programs, development of infrastructures for information technology, and debt reform in Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria.
One of the most notable strategies of the Middle East Partnership Initiative is its ongoing shift of resources to the less offensive path of economic developments that are regime-led. This is a shift from the program's traditional strategy of democracy promotion and involvement with local voluntary organizations (Yerkes par, 11). The program also tends to fund initiatives that are conducted by U.S. NGOs, which do not interfere with the established lines of regime-funded reform and programs that don't match the political realities of Arab nations.

MEPIs Social-Entrepreneurship Programs:

The Middle East Partnership Initiative supports and funds various economic projects that work with several groups to develop a framework for sustained growth. This is because the program considers entrepreneurship as an important vehicle to enhance economic conditions and increase…...

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Works Cited:

"SAUDI ARABIA COUNTRY PROFILE." U.S.-Middle East Partnership Initiative. U.S.-Middle East Partnership Initiative, 3 Jan. 2010. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. .

Sharp, Jeremy M. "The Middle East Partnership Initiative: An Overview." American Information Web. CRS Web, 20 July 2005. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. .

Yerkes, Sarah E. "The Middle East Partnership Initiative: Progress, Problems, and Prospects - Brookings Institution." Brookings - Quality. Independence. Impact. The Brookings Institution, 29 Nov. 2004. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. .

By the middle of the nineteenth century, the balance of economic strength had shifted entirely to western Europe and especially to Britain and France, which were then passing into the second stage of the industrial revolution that Turkey had hardly begun. The European powers would use their political and economic power to force the empire to allow its economy to be incorporated into the nineteenth-century liberal capitalist system. Free trade was encouraged, which was not entirely harmful to the empire. European manufactures flooded into the empire, and this caused the traditional handicrafts and textile industries to suffer. At the same time, there was a huge growth in demand for raw materials such as Syrian silk, Egyptian cotton, and Anatolian wool, and production of cereals and fruit also increased to meet the needs of growing urban regions.
The leaders also faced certain problems. Much of the newly created wealth went to…...

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References

Gelvin, J.L. (2005). The modern Middle East. New York: Oxford Press.

Khater, a.F. (2003). Sources in the history of the modern Middle East. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia has also become a major distributor world of oil, in addition to the Middle East. Although its policies can no longer be predicted as reliably as during the Cold ar, its interests are not always commensurate with any one actor, and it is now a volatile presence in international affairs that the United States must take into consideration when making policies. The United States still has an economic interest in maintaining friendly ties with nations that produce oil, even Arab states, and as its strategic interest is less clearly defined, as it is no longer in opposition to a single power seeking to extend its sphere of influence. As the region no longer is a mere playing ground for the two major superpowers to dominate, the factionalism that was already endemic to the region has become even more pronounced. This factionalism has…...

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Works Cited

Eisenhower, Dwight. "The Eisenhower Doctrine on the Middle East, A Message to Congress, January 5, 1957. From The Department of State Bulletin, XXXV1, No. 917 (January 21, 1957), pp. 83-87. [26 Aug 2006]  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1957eisenhowerdoctrine.html 

Isserof, Ami. "Support for the State of Israel." MidEastWeb for Coexistence. 2003 [26 Aug 2006]

 http://www.mideastweb.org/us_supportforstate.htm 

Richman, Sheldon "Ancient History: U.S. Conduct in the Middle East Since World War II and the Folly Of Intervention." Cato Policy Analysis. No. 159. August 16, 1991. [26 Aug 2006]

Their primary operations revolve around programs of exchange and dialogues, but also the offering of support for various endeavors aimed at increasing social and economic stability for the Egyptian population (HANDS Website, 2006).
The institution was founded in 1988 and has since offered its support to more than 30 local organizations that were struggling to improve the quality of life for the native population. Aside the moral and economic help, the institution also plays a major role in building bridges between the two cultures by encouraging United States citizens to volunteer in Egypt and becoming better acquainted with the country's features. The volunteers not only gain knowledge of the world, but also help the Egyptians by providing them with specialized consultancy. "HANDS provides volunteer opportunities for American professionals and students, where they can offer time and expertise to Egyptian civil society strengthening programs" (Volunteers for Prosperity). One such program is…...

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References:

Ezza, A., The Gateway to Egypt -- The Land of Opportunities, The Confederation of Egyptian European Business Association, Retrieved from   on June 23, 2009http://www.imove-germany.org/images/05-09-14_Ezz_Wirtschaftliche_Rahmenbedingungen.pps 

2006, Egypt: U.S.$200 Million from WB to Develop Railways, Encyclopedia.com,   last accessed on June 23, 2009http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-145748342.html 

2006, HANDS Website,   last accessed on June 23, 2009http://www.handsalongthenile.org 

2009, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency,   last accessed on June 23, 2009https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html 

Middle East Violence
Three major sources of violence in the Middle East are religion, nationalism and ideology. Each source contributes to some extent to the violence, depending on the conflict. Some conflicts are largely religious in nature, such as the Shiite uprising in the Sadaa region of Yemen (McGregor, 2005). Others are rooted in nationalism, such as the conflict between Kurds and Turks in southeastern Turkey (Haney, 1999). Most conflicts blend in an unhealthy dose of anti-Semitic racism and anti-U.S. ideology as well, including the genocidal ideologies of Hezbollah (Dershowitz, 2008) and Hamas (Bostom, 2009). Given this myriad causes, and the intransigent nature of most of the roots of conflict in the Middle East, there is little hope in the short for peace in the Middle East. The region has only known peace -- and tenuously at that -- under the thumb of strong rulers who suppress conflict. hile it may…...

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Works Cited:

Blanchard, C. (2005). Al Qaeda: Statements and evolving ideology. CRS Report for Congress. Retrieved May 6, 2011 from  http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32759.pdf 

Bostom, A. (2009). Confronting Hamas' genocidal hatred. American Thinker. Retrieved May 6, 2011 from  http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/01/confronting_hamas_genocidal_je.html 

Bruno, G. (2007). Inside the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK). Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved May 6, 2011 from  http://www.cfr.org/turkey/inside-kurdistan-workers-party-pkk/p14576 

Dershowitz, A. (2008). Hezbollah's genocidal threat. Huffington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2011 from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-dershowitz/hezbollahs-genocidal-thre_b_87261.html

Middle East
In addition to the tendency towards violence in their political systems, Middle Eastern countries are known for their basic lack of stable and democratic regimes. Although many attempts have been made to bring democracy to these nations by means of negotiation or even violence, little has been accomplished by these attempts. At the basis of this phenomenon is a social and political development that spans over centuries. This includes a religious basis upon which politics and the caste system have developed, practically without anything to oppose these systems, over centuries. It is precisely this centuries-long development, specifically, of Islam, as well as the legacy of ancient systems such as the Ottoman paradigm, that creates the difficulty of establishing any sort of democracy in Middle Eastern countries.

Bukay (2007) argues against the possibility for Islam and democracy to exist in the same country. The author notes that several have claimed the…...

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References

Bukay, D. (2007, Spring.) Can there be an Islamic Democracy? Middle East Quarterly. Retrieved from:  http://www.meforum.org/1680/can-there-be-an-islamic-democracy 

Heper, M. (2000). The Ottoman Legacy and Turkish Politics. Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, No. 1. Retrieved from:  http://www.allbusiness.com/government/3493220-1.html

Middle East
Academics, policy makers, and other specialists, let alone the general public, have a tendency to perceive the Middle East as a monolith. The truth, however, shows that it is a region filled with contrasts, extremes, and diversities. This is depicted in the extreme differences in neighboring countries with same religion, culture, dress and language, yet lifestyles, radically different. This paper addresses one such difference between two kingdoms, both belonging to the Middle East but at polar extremes in a number of areas. The two countries under study are thus, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and the area under study is privatization or liberalization of the economy.

Saudi Arabia is a kingdom with one of the largest oil deposits which, to date remain the focus of the Saudian economy, taking away a major percentage of the Gross Domestic Product. Saudi Arabia's economy is thus dependent on oil and oil…...

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References

Saudi Arabia Country Analysis Brief. U.S. Department of Commerce. 2003

UAE to Open up Transport and Financial Sectors. Khaleej Times. 07/03/2003

UAE: Privatization and Economic Strengths. Gulf News

Middle East Conflict
As an Israeli citizen, I often find myself awestruck at our present situation. The needs and desires of people in my country are not unlike those of most people. e desire to live and work in safety; we want have peace with those around us; but we also want to maintain our traditions and our heritage as we see fit. Israel has again and again suffered attacks because of our mere existence. And is it so strange that we are not willing to give up our state simply because someone else considers it unjust. e have survived so many things before now, how can we betray the memory of those that survived atrocities by giving up our just claim to a nation.

At the core of Israel's problems is its geography. And this is true in more ways than you might think. Only a fifth of the land in…...

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Works Cited used simply for garnering factual information.)

The purpose of such bifurcation is the enabling of the parties to the arbitration to maintain control of the impact of the Shariah in the law that they choose for arbitration. Middle East states that have not removed religion from their rules of arbitration will continue to administer arbitrations through strictly adhering with the principles of Shariah law and it is likely that these states will place a prohibition on speculative contracts and provisions of contracts calling for strict adherence to Shariah law.
VII. Shariah Law and the asis of Arbitration

It is reported that whether the arbitration award is binding on the parties may be dictated by the Shariah and in countries where the Shariah is the basis of arbitration awards there must be four inclusive parts: (1) a description of the dispute; (2) the findings of facts under Shariah rules of evidence; (3) the reasoning of the award with…...

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Bibliography

Abdullay Kh. Al-Ayoub, International Commercial Arbitration in the Middle East, American Bar Association Section on International Law, at p. 6 (Spring Meeting, 2006), available at   )http://www.abanet.org/intlaw/calendar/spring2006materials.html .

Arthur J. Gemmell, (2006) Commercial Arbitration in the Islamic Middle East, 5 Santa Clara J. Int'l L. 169, 170 (2006).

Bertrand, Edouard and Leathley, Christian (2009) International Commercial Arbitration in the Deserts of Saudi Arabia. Association for International Arbitration. October 2009. Online available at:  http://www.arbitration-adr.org/documents/?i=62 

Bond, Michael E. (nd) the Arbitration Clause in International Project Contracts. Online available at: http://www.gardnerbond.com/files/Publications/the%20Arbitration%20Clause%20in%20International%20Project%20Contracts..pdf

The parallels are of Sheikh Mohammad are drawn with King Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia who used oil to build the foundation of modern Saudi Arabia. He can also be considered a CEO who is managing his emirate like a big company using the modern management principles. He is using the principles of modern participatory management as he does not confine himself to boardrooms or high power meetings and actually visits workplace and construction sites. He is also known to make tough decision on the spot by rewarding employees for good work while also firing poor performers. Another important aspect of Sheikh's policy is encouragement of women workforce. He not only hires women but also encourages them to go ahead in their career ambitions while also bringing along more women in all business fields. He is also known to be a staunch supporter of foreign educated locals. He encourages…...

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References

Molavi, a. (January 2007). Sudden City: A feverish dream of the future springs from the sands in Dubai. National Geographic. 211(1). January.

Siddiqi, M. (2005) 2005 Banking Report: Strong Regional Economy Sees Banking Profits Soar. The Middle East. Issue: 360. Publication Date: October 2005. Page Number: 34+.

Dubai Shows Gulf There Is Life after Oil. (August, 2005). The Birmingham Post: 19.

Joyce, a. (1995). Gulf Banking in the Nineties: Challenges and Strategies. Middle East Policy. 3(4): 95.

Muslims excelled in ornate and intricate designs since they rejected drawing and sculpting the human image for fear of idolatry. Their artistic style consists of rugs, silks, leatherwork, metal work, cotton textiles, highly glazed ceramics, and fine glass, as well as wall hangings, tiles, inlaid metalwork, carved wood, and furniture. Another art polished to sheen by Muslims was calligraphy, or stylized form of penmanship that developed into a form of the lesser arts and with which they decorated their manuscripts and books. Calligraphy was also used to beautify mosques, palaces, mausoleums, and shrines (as illustrated by the Alhambra and the Dome of the Rock) where painted and highly glazed tiles decorated the interior and the exterior of their buildings, whilst gold leafing and gold ink were used to decorate the Quran, and floral designs and geometric patterns, with bold borders on each page, employed to enhance Muslim books and…...

Although some received territory, they were embittered as a result of the perceived broken pledge. The result of this was an Arab uprising against the Turks in 1916.
The San emo Conference nevertheless began to shape the post-war world (McKinney 2010). The result was that the Europeans were making impositions into country where the various nations were having unique conflicts of their own. According to oberts (2007), for example, The Islam sects Shiite and Sunni were in conflict regarding the succession of Muhammad as the leader of Islam. Not having any understanding of the sectarian splits within the country, the British created the new nation of Iraq in ancient Mesopotamia. In so doing, the Ottoman provinces of Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul were bound together quite uneasily, as the first was mostly Sunni, the second mostly Shiite, and the third generally Kurdish.

A further factor was that the invasion of the British…...

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References

Australian War Memorial. First World War 1914-18. Retrieved from  http://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/ww1.asp 

McKinney, Brennan. Developments in the Middle East After World War I. Associated Content. 9 June 2010. Retrieved from  http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/3018710/developments_in_the_middle_east_after_pg4.html?cat=37 

Richman, Sheldon L. "Ancient History": U.S. Conduct in the Middle East Since World War II and the Folly of Intervention. Policy Analysis No. 159, Cato Institute, 16 August 1991. Retrieved from  http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=1019 

Roberts, Sam. How the Middle East got that way. New York Times Upfront, 15 January 2007. Retrieved from  http://www.thefreelibrary.com/How+the+Middle+East+got+that+way:+the+seeds+of+much+of+the+conflict...-a0157946237

Both documents make references to time, which give them the form of historical documents.
The Book of Documents is believed to be an advice given to King Tai Jia by the faithful Yi Yin, and the Book of Genesis is the advice given to Noah by God. But the advice of Yi Yin, according to this legend, is comparable to the authority of the Bible. It is the Mandate from Heaven. Yi Yin lectures the King as if what he says is the word coming from cosmic powers. Both the Book of Documents and the Book of Genesis suggest that peace and tranquility -- and misery on earth, likewise -- depend on the behavior of mankind. If they respect the laws, obey the authority, they are going to be rewarded with peace and happiness. If they rebel against higher powers and engage in drunkenness, orgies, and depravity, they will be…...

There are a few who have been or are now involved with groups that are seeking conciliation.. The positive similarity of many of these individuals is that they would like to see a productive end to the situation, even if it means compromise.
There is no possibility of peace in the Middle East unless people from all backgrounds, who are the most affected, are part of the dialogue. The nations, themselves, have a political agenda and are not, in most cases, speaking for the citizens.

There is no positive answer in the Middle East for anyone unless they can live in peace and mutual respect. There can only be a better future for Palestine/Israel, if the citizens use their energies toward cooperation and constructive results.

If citizens are not part of the answer, then emphasis will continue to be on conquest, hate and fear, much of it unfounded and misunderstood. Part of…...

Middle East
Has the presence of oil in the Middle East had a significant impact on the peoples of non-oil-producing states in the region? If so, in what ways, exactly? Develop an argument with specific reference to AT LEAT TWO non-oil-producing states.

and other Western powers, oil supplies are the only real interest in the Middle East, and most people in the region are well aware of this fact, and of numerous Western attempts to establish and support 'friendly' authoritarian regimes like that of Hosni Mubarak in Egypt and the monarchy in Jordan. Public opinion polls in Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, Jordan and Pakistan actually show majority support for Western political and economic ideas, including democracy, but opposed U.. foreign policy in general because they believed it to be motivated by control over oil supplies. None of this is new, and the West has been pursuing such policies since the collapse of…...

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Saudi Arabia and the other Gulf States have never been democracies, of course, and political life is dominated by the king, princes and bureaucratic elites, who also control most of the economy, and at these ruling class levels women play almost no public role at all. Like all regimes in the Gulf princes and monarchs have feared a Right-wing Islamic revolution since the overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979, which makes them hesitant to advance any reforms that would improve the status of women. Even in the present Arab Spring revolutions, both the local elites and Western powers still fear that the fundamentalists will take power, which would make the condition of women even worse than they are at present. Time will tell if these revolutions will turn out to be democratic and lead to an improvement in the political, educational and economic opportunities available to women, or if they will be authoritarian, patriarchal and regressive like the 1979 revolution in Iran. So far, though, their effect on Saudi Arabia and the other Gulf monarchies has been limited at best, and those are the nations where the conditions of women are most in need of improvement.

The 3 separated papers combined must be AT LEAST 9 pages. Avoid referencing or quotations at all costs. Again, please answer each question separately, but presented in the same file is fine.

Customer is requesting that (tomlr_98) completes this order.

One of the most interesting issues in international relations is the role that nuclear weapons play in the effort to obtain peace.  Many people suggest that nuclear weapons can preserve peace.  The United States was the first country to actively deploy nuclear weapons in an effort to shorten a war by dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The widespread destruction, which was unlike anything ever experienced in a war up to that point, is often credited with ushering in the end of World War II, at least in the Pacific....

Certainly! Here are some essay topic ideas related to Barack Obama:

1. Analyzing the major accomplishments and legacy of Barack Obama as President of the United States.
2. Exploring the challenges and obstacles faced by Obama during his presidency and evaluating his responses.
3. Investigating the impact of Obama's healthcare reform, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), on the American healthcare system.
4. Discussing Obama's approach to foreign policy, focusing on significant events such as the Iran nuclear deal or the Paris Climate Agreement.
5. Examining the Obama administration's efforts to address climate change and promote clean energy.
6. Assessing the economic policies and strategies implemented by....

Nonverbal Communication: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Nonverbal communication, often referred to as body language, is a form of expression that conveys messages without the use of words. It includes gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact. Nonverbal communication plays a vital role in human interaction, conveying emotions, attitudes, and intentions. However, its significance and interpretation can vary widely across different cultures. This essay delves into the intricacies of nonverbal communication in various cultures, exploring how cultural factors influence the way people communicate nonverbally and the implications for cross-cultural communication.

1. Greetings:
Greetings set the tone for any interaction and often involve nonverbal cues.....

## The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Contested Land with a Complex History

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most protracted and intractable disputes in the world. At its core is the question of who has the legitimate right to the land that is now Israel and the Palestinian territories. Both Israelis and Palestinians have deep historical and religious ties to the land, and both sides have suffered greatly in the conflict.

The conflict has its roots in the late 19th century, when European Jews began to immigrate to Palestine in large numbers. This influx of Jewish settlers led to tensions with the....