Callaghan, points out that exercise has been used for many years to prevent disease, promote good health and a sense of well-being. Callaghan asserts in the article that current evidence shows "empirical" evidence that mental health and well-being are enhanced through the use of frequent exercise. The author uses an intensive literature search -- meta-analyses in peer-reviewed publications like the British Medical Journal and Clinical Evidence -- to verify the assertion that exercise aids mental health and psychological functioning.
Callaghan's research uncovered a study -- that utilized qualitative research methods -- showing that a 10-week exercise program given to people with schizophrenia actually "reduced participants' perception of auditory hallucinations," heightened their sense of self-esteem and helped their sleep patterns (Callaghan, 2004, 480). On page 481 Callaghan admits that "on the whole" mental health professionals don't use exercise as a "therapeutic tool"; however, psychologist Kate Hays has been using exercise with…...

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Works Cited

Callaghan, P. (2004). Exercise: a neglected intervention in mental health care? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. Volume 11, 476-483.

Stathopoulou, G., and Powers, M.B. (2006). Exercise Interventions for Mental Health: A Quantitative and Qualitative Review. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 13(2),

179-191.

Zschucke, E., Gaudilitz, K., and Strohle, A. (2013). Exercise and Physical Activity in Mental

veterans leaving the military. Specifically, it will attempt to solve some of the problems veterans being discharged from the military are facing. Veterans returning from the war in Iraq face a variety of problems and issues, and many of them are not being addressed by the military. Health care is one vital problem, many veterans coming home find that if they need health care, the Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals are so crowded they cannot receive treatment for weeks or even months. However, probably the biggest problem facing returning vets is readjusting to civilian life, and all that entails, from dealing with family and friends to the stresses of their jobs. Many returning vets will not admit they may need mental health counseling, and if they do admit it, they may not be able to find it. The problems of returning veterans are many, and until we learn how to…...

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References

Anonymous. 23 Nov. 2004. Nightmare #1. Retrieved from the Veterans for Common Sense Web site:   24 Nov. 2004.http://www.veteransforcommonsense.org/NewsArticle.cfm?ID=2432 

Author not Available. (2 Oct. 2002). Readjustment, reconnecting after deployment. Retrieved from the United States Military Academy Web site: 24 Nov. 2004.http://www.usma.edu/publicaffairs/PV/021004/Deployment.htm

Editors (23 Oct. 2003). Coping with traumatic stress reactions. Retrieved from the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Web site: 24. Nov. 2004.http://www.ncptsd.org//war/fs_coping.html?printable=yes

Finally, the empirical demonstration should be followed by directly addressing the concerns of educators about any possible detrimental effect on reading comprehension skills as a function of any reduction in reliance on textbook-based learning. That component would consist of outlining criteria and limitations for using video-based instructional methods to ensure that it does not have any negative effect on that crucial aspect of primary and secondary education.
Moral Purpose Statement for Change and Stakeholder Issues

Educators have a fundamental responsibility to provide all of their students with the best possible opportunity to maximize their educational opportunity. That responsibility includes overcoming learned prejudices that may limit our ability to recognize valuable educational approaches and methods. One example of such prejudices would include the assumption among professional educators that video-based learning is inferior to traditional textbook-based learning and therefore inappropriate as the basis for substantive academic instruction.

In terms of different classes of stakeholders,…...

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References

Choi, H.J. And Johnson, S.D. "The Effect of Problem-Based Video Instruction on Learner Satisfaction, Comprehension, and Retention in College Courses." British

Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 38, No. 5 (2007): 885 -- 895.

Duffy, F.M. "Paradigms, Mental Models, and Mindsets: Triple Barriers to Transformational Change in School Systems: PART 1." International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, Vol. 4, No. 3 (July - September, 2009).

Franciszkowicz, M. "Video-Based Additional Instruction." Journal of the Research

Vocational training can help place within the adolescent mind the strategies they will need to adapt to life as an adult.
Further research is needed within the field of adolescents with the condition. According to research, "Unfortunately, most psychiatrists are ill-equipped to handle this situation, having received little or no formal training in this area," (Sebastian 2008). Therefore, more research can only open up new information to psychiatrists and physicians who work with families to make the most comfortable life for the adolescent dealing with mental retardation.

eferences

Biasini, Fred J.; Grupe, Lisa; Huffman, Lisa; & Bray, Norman W. (2010). Mental retardation: A symptom and a syndrome. Comprehensive Textbook of Child and Adolescent Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press. etrieved March 10, 2010 from http://www.uab.edu/cogdev/mentreta.htm

Collins, H. (2004). Children who are mentally retarded. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. etrieved March 10, 2010 from http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/children_who_are_mentally_retarded

Daigneault, obert. (2007). Mental retardation / adolescent issues…...

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References

Biasini, Fred J.; Grupe, Lisa; Huffman, Lisa; & Bray, Norman W. (2010). Mental retardation: A symptom and a syndrome. Comprehensive Textbook of Child and Adolescent Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from  http://www.uab.edu/cogdev/mentreta.htm 

Collins, H. (2004). Children who are mentally retarded. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from  http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/children_who_are_mentally_retarded 

Daigneault, Robert. (2007). Mental retardation / adolescent issues for mental retardation. Your Total Health. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from http://yourtotalhealth.ivillage.com/mental-retardation.html?pageNum=4#4

Mental Retardation -- Developmental delay. (2010). Mass General Hospital for Children. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from  http://www.massgeneral.org/children/adolescenthealth/articles/aa_mental_retardation.aspx

New findings show that the spouses of veterans also experience mental health disorders, and the prevalence increases with the length of deployment (Mansfield, Kaufman, Marshall, Gaynes, Morrissey & Engel, 2010). When spouses are considered to be clients of health services, the need for improved and more robust resources becomes apparent. Moreover, spouses with mental health disorders present unique issues and questions for treatment. eturning soldiers may find that they have supportive partners who can lead to a mutually beneficial treatment relationship, via couples or family therapy. On the other hand, the mental health problems of the spouse can exacerbate those of the soldier, and vice-versa. Thus, a family systems approach can be extremely helpful when addressing the multifaceted mental health concerns among veterans.
Veteran health services are at a critical juncture. The need for targeted mental health interventions, ranging from screenings and assessments to therapies and treatments, has been proven…...

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References

Britt, T.W., Greene-Shortridge, T.M. & Castro, C.A. (2007). The Stigma of Mental Health Problems in the Military. Military Medicine 172(2), February 2007, pp. 157-161(5)

Bliese, P.D., Wright, K.M., Adler, a.B., Thomas, J.L. & Hoge, C.W. (2007). Timing of postcombat mental health assessments. Psychological Services 4(3), Aug 2007, 141-148.

Hoge, C.W., Auchterlonie, J.L. & Milliken, C.S. (2006). Mental Health Problems, Use of Mental Health Services, and Attrition From Military Service After Returning From Deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. JAMA. 2006;295(9):1023-1032. doi:10.1001/jama.295.9.1023.

Hoge, C.W., Castro, C.A., Messer, S.C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D.I. & Koffman, R.L. (2004). Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care. N Engl J. Med 2004; 351:13-22July 1, 2004 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa040603

However, integrated continuum of care networks presents a viable solution to mental health care delivery that properly allocates resources a collaborative and cooperative service delivery system.
Needed, according to Mohatt (1997) is "vertical integration' in the "approaches to managed care" in networking a group of healthcare providers, at various levels of primary care and behavioral health, to form an integrated service network. They seek to develop, via cooperation, a coordinated, consumer focused, seamless continuum of care designed to improve access and availability through efficiencies gained by the elimination of redundant services or systems."

Mohatt reports just such as system being in existence and specifically the Laurel Health System in northeastern Pennsylvania "founded in 1989 with the merger of five not-for-profit organizations..." This network spans the human service gamut inclusive of primary care, nursing homes, senior housing, ambulance service, and hospital." (1997) Mohatt reports another example stating:

recent example of such a horizontal…...

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Bibliography

Behar, Lenore B., Macbeth, Gary, and Holland, Joan M. (1993) Distribution and Costs of Mental Health Services Within a System of Care for Children and Adolescents. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. Vol. 20, No. 4, March 1993. Abstract online available at Springerlink online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/q73873hn78112345/

Hamner, Karl M., Lambert, E. Warren, and Bickman, Leonard (1996) Children's Mental Health in a Continuum of Care: Clinical Outcomes at 18 Months for the Fort Bragg Demonstration. ERIC Digest. 28 Feb 1996. Online available at  http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED460476&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED460476 

Yager, J. (1996) Do Full Continuum of Care Services Yield Better Results? Am Psychol 1996 July. Journal Watch. Online available at http://psychiatry.jwatch.org/cgi/content/citation/1996/1001/14

Mohatt, Dennis F. (1997) Access To Mental Health Services In Frontier America

The severity of mental retardation covers a wide spectrum, as discussed before, and variation in ability of individuals within this spectrum is wide (Tammi, 2006). In order to understand and to assist such persons, it is important to know the category in which they fall and the possible causes of the condition. In most cases, a little psychological instability leads to a mental retardation and therefore psychological interventions can be very effective in solving such cases. The notion of viewing mental retardation as a case of pure medical condition should be changed in order to find means of reducing such situations.
eferences

Christopher D. Prater, MD. (2006, June 15). Medical Care of Adults with Mental etardation.

etrieved March 11, 2010, from American Family Physician: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0615/p2175.html

Donna K. Daily, MD. (2000, February 15). Identification and Evaluation of Mental etardation.

etrieved March 11, 2010, from American Family Physician: http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000215/1059.html

Gotiesrnati, .L. (s.f.). Facts About Mental etardation. etrieved…...

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References

Christopher D. Prater, MD. (2006, June 15). Medical Care of Adults with Mental Retardation.

Retrieved March 11, 2010, from American Family Physician:  http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0615/p2175.html 

Donna K. Daily, MD. (2000, February 15). Identification and Evaluation of Mental Retardation.

Retrieved March 11, 2010, from American Family Physician:  http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000215/1059.html

Mental Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance in Mental Health Settings

A major part of providing medical services to any population, including the provision of mental health services to rehabilitation patients, is assuring and maintaining a certain level of quality in the manner in which these services are provided and in the outcomes of medical decisions and actions. This is important for professional as well as legal reasons; the professional implications of quality assurance are fairly direct and self-evident, while the legal necessity for quality assurance can be found in certain pieces of legislation and in service agreements with patients, communities, etc. The following paragraphs will describe a general framework of quality assurance in a low-security rehabilitative mental health institution as it relates to both professional standards and legal requirements.

Quality assurance includes an ongoing effort towards quality improvement, and there are a variety of practical and perceptual methods for establishing an ongoing commitment to…...

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References

Breakey, W. (1996). Integrated Mental Health Services. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lloyd, C.; King, R. & Deane, F. (2009). Clinical Management in Mental Health Services. New York: Wiley.

McMillen, C.; Zayas, L.; Books, S. & Lee, M. (2008). Quality Assurance and Improvement Practice in Mental Health Agencies: Roles, Activities, Targets and Contributions. Administrative Policy of Mental Health 35(6): 458-67.

WHO. (2003). Quality Improvement for Mental Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Essentially, this is the ability to form mental images, sensation or concepts in a way that is not specifically tied to sight, hearing or other senses. It is about taking experience and knowledge and making sense of the world through learning and evocation of new thoughts, mental pictures, or perceptions of the world -- whether individual or shared (Byrne, 2005).
Inspiration- Inspiration is a constant search for bursts of creativity and may be found through the influences of others (speakers, leaders, etc.) or through one's own mental abilities. Depending on the paradigm used, inspiration is seen as either being divinely inspired or through unique processes that allow for a change in the usual mode of thinking or operation.

Five Forces Influence- In combination with the four creative styles, we also have five forces that influence these models of thinking and operation: education, training, influence from others, rewards and incentives, and personal…...

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REFERENCES

Byrne, R. (2005). The Rational Imagination. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

DeVol, R. And Wong, P. (January 2010). Jobs for America. Milken Institute. Cited in:  http://www.nam.org/~/media/58F813B0D1E643DC91E564FE4C3B3C2F.ashx-utm_source=nam&utm_medium=alias&utm_campaign=innovationreport 

Garlick, D. (2010). Intelligence and the Brain. Burbank, CA: Aesop Press.

Malone-Cline, J. (October 16, 2009). Mental Process. KnowEverything. Cited in:  http://knoweverythinginfo.blogspot.com/2009/10/mental-process.html

" (Wagner, 2000, p. 6)
As an almost limitless tool for advertisement, though some self censorship has recently occurred as more and more people reduce ad time by restricting adware and popup ads on their computer systems, the internet can ad to the most vile of physical, social and mental health state, especially in the young and impressionable.

For these reasons and more, it makes sense for everyone -- especially for children and young adults -- to consider how advertising can affect four basic types of health. First, it can affect our physical health. We may learn about a healthy practice or vitamin, but may also be prone to engaging in unhealthy activities, lulled by media depictions of glamorous smokers and drinkers, as well as by direct ads for tobacco and alcohol. Second, advertising can affect our emotional health by delivering media-imposed definitions of beauty, sexuality, maturity, and problem-solving. Advertising plays an…...

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References

Fox, R.F. (2001, November). Warning Advertising May Be Hazardous to Your Health: Ads Pose a Threat to Physical, Emotional, Social, and Cultural Well-Being. USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), 130, 62-77.

Gattiker, U.E. (2001). The Internet as a Diverse Community: Cultural, Organizational, and Political Issues. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Harris, L.M. (Ed.). (1995). Health and the New Media: Technologies Transforming Personal and Public Health. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hatfield, T.H., & Erbeck, G.W. (1997). The Internet: Legitimate Educational Tool or Giant Electronic Sandbox?. Journal of Environmental Health, 59(8), 19-25.

he author's method was simply collecting older data through secondary sources like previous studies and researches. He examined the methods used in these studies and critically evaluated them and also mentioned their limitations according to his assessment.

he author has not clearly discussed the significance of his results but he has thoroughly mentioned the results from previous studies and their positive and negatives have been identified too. He shows why some results cannot be trusted and why some were optimistic but are not relevant his particular hypothesis. For example in one study he found that though the results were optimistic, they are not relevant because the researchers had focused on immediate effects on mental exercise instead of its long-term benefits. In other words, the author agrees that there is a significant difference in mental performance immediately after a mentally stimulating exercise but he doesn't agree that the benefits would last a…...

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The article concludes that there is no significant difference in the rate of mental aging between people who engaged in stimulating exercises and those who did not. I do agree that author has done a good job of evaluating previous studies and their limitations, but I do not agree with his conclusion. The article is widely cited which shows that many experts trust the results or find the article useful in their studies but due to the lack of a scientific method for comparison, examination and evaluation of studies, it is difficult to disregard the results found by others and agree with author's conclusion. His conclusion is mostly a matter of opinion and for that reason; I do not think it can be assigned much weight. I have also observed that people who have led a very active life in pursuance of mental activities generally age much slower mentally. Their cognition level remains very high compared to in-active individuals and they tend to speak more clearly, understand others better and if other health issues are not a problem, they are generally very agile mentally and demonstrate better mental faculties.

REFERENCE

Salthouse TA. Mental exercise and mental aging. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2007;1:68-86.

Mental Health, Prisons and Hospitals
The two videos -- the news piece on Connecticut's "purple pods" used in Hartford hospital and the Frontline special on prisons and mental health -- both indicate a problem in how society copes with and treats individuals with mental health. They also portray the two extremes of society's response to mental health issues. The Hartford hospital is on the one extreme -- in which the patient's comfort and security are top priorities (to the extent that mental health patients are given their own specially constructed rooms where safety mechanisms and soothing features have been built into the room). The prison system in Ohio described in Frontline is on the other extreme -- where prisons essentially act as mental health hospitals because the mental health facilities in Columbus are no longer able to tend to the needs of mental health patients: the patients end up being arrested…...

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References

Gonzalez, M., Connell, N. (2014). Mental health of prisoners: identifying barriers to mental health treatment and medication continuity. American Journal of Public Health, 104(12): 2328-2333.

Harner, H., Riley, S. (2013). The impact of incarceration on women's mental health.

Qualitative Health Research, 23(1); 26-42.

Mental epresentations and the Mind-Brain elationship
MENTAL EPESENTATIONS AND THE MIND-BAIN

The Dualism Argument

Pure Materialist Viewpoint

Theories

Visual Stimuli vs. Speech stimuli

Descartes Point-of-View

Neurons and Synapses

Mental epresentations and the Mind-Brain elationship

In cognitive (neuro) science all through the last few decades, as in philosophy in the last 100 years, the issue of the mind-body (or mind-brain) occurrences is still open to discussion. Illogically, ever since Descartes nobody has suggested a workable alternate view of this problem. esearchers and thinkers have offered some approaches, yet none has gained the assent of the majority of thinkers. During a person's daily toils the separation that goes on between an individual mind and consciousness is hardly ever thought about or talked about. But then again it is the primary cause for the majority of your existence problems. This separation is not even a recognized fact, as consciousness and mind seem to act as one. And illogically they do. Nevertheless the…...

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References

Baars, J.B. (2013). An architectural model of consciousand unconscious brain functions: Global workspace theory and IDA. Neural Networks, 20, 955-961.

Bartels, A. (2010). Visual perception: Converging mechanisms of atten-tion, binding, and segmentation. Current Biology, 7(9), 56-78.

Gabbard, G.O. (2013). Mind, Brain, and Personality Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 34-45.

Sevush, S. (2013). Single-neuron theory of consciousness. Journal ofTheoretical Biology, 21(9), 704-725.

However, more empirical studies have been published in recent years which have both reported outcomes but also have acknowledged the complexity of the interaction of the number of variables involved in predicting outcome effects on children whose parents are substance abusers (Dworkin & Hirsch, 2004). This literature is particularly important because of the large number of children affected by substance abuse of various kinds and the social policy directed toward substance abuse offenders including parents.
Although the empirical research base is growing on the relationship of parental disability to child outcome effects (Emerick & Zirpoli, 2000) there continues to be a need for research that methodologically addresses specific critical parental disability factors.

Implementing Culturally Sensitive Crisis

In conclusion, when faced with an individual who is recognizably from a culture different from the crisis worker, some modification in approach will be considered. However, there is sufficient cultural diversity present in our population for…...

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References

Colangelo, N. (2007). Counseling gifted students: Issues and practices. In N. Colangelo and G.A. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of Gifted Education (2nd ed.), (pp. 353-381). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Colangelo, N., & Assouline, a. (1993). Families of gifted children. A research agenda. Quest, 4, 1-4.

Dworkin, M., & Hirsch, G. (2004). Responding to managed care: A roadmap for the therapist. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 13, 1-21.

Emerick, L., & Zirpoli, T. (2000). Different concerns, different needs? Perceptions of gifted children and parents of children with disabilities. Paper presented at the conference of the American Association of Gifted and Talented, Little Rock, AR.

Given this priest is able to coax and created situations where boys are with him alone is even worse. In short, the counselor in this situation has no choice but to step in and say/do something.
To make a final decision, it would normally be wise to do some information gathering and to truly find out for sure whether or not this man has offended or not. However, the only real way to do that is to prod the priest even more and/or to ask the children and/or parents what is going on, if anything, and that would probably not be the best idea, at least in the latter case. Any querying of children would have to be done with the full knowledge and consent of the parents, and this is true both ethically and legally, and even if such permission was not garnered it would get back to them…...

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Works Cited

Brown, Francesca, and Mark R. Kebbell. "Policing Indecent Images of Children. What Are the Critical Issues Surrounding Police Risk Assessment?." Sexual Abuse in

Australia & New Zealand 5.1 (2013): 52-59. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 5

Apr. 2014.

DeYoung, Mary. "The World According to NAMBLA: Accounting for Deviance." Journal

Impact of Domestic Violence on Maternal and Fetal Health during Pregnancy

Domestic violence, a severe form of intimate partner violence, has detrimental consequences for both maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. The physical, emotional, and psychological trauma associated with domestic abuse can have lasting effects on the well-being of both the mother and her unborn child.

Maternal Health:

Physical Injuries: Domestic violence can result in a range of physical injuries, including broken bones, contusions, lacerations, and internal bleeding. These injuries can pose significant risks to maternal health, such as infection, hemorrhage, and organ damage.
Mental Health Issues: Domestic violence often leads to....

While overpopulation can certainly contribute to environmental problems such as resource depletion, habitat destruction, and pollution, it is not the sole root cause of all environmental issues. Other factors such as overconsumption, unsustainable resource extraction, and lack of regulatory measures also play a significant role in environmental degradation. Addressing environmental problems requires a multifaceted approach that considers a range of factors, not just population size.
Furthermore, focusing solely on overpopulation as the root cause of all environmental problems overlooks the complexities of the issue. It is important to recognize that different regions and countries have varying levels of environmental impact per....

Is Overpopulation the Root Cause of All Environmental Problems?

Overpopulation, the condition of having a population larger than the carrying capacity of its environment, is often cited as a primary contributor to environmental degradation. However, the relationship between population growth and environmental problems is complex and multifaceted. While overpopulation can exacerbate certain environmental issues, it is not the sole or even the primary cause of all such problems.

Factors Contributing to Environmental Problems

Environmental problems stem from a combination of human activities, including:

Resource consumption: Overconsumption of natural resources, such as fossil fuels, water, and timber, leads to depletion and pollution.
Industrialization: Industrial....

The Perils of Plastic Pollution: A Threat to Our Environment
Plastic, a ubiquitous material that has revolutionized our lives in countless ways, has also become a significant environmental hazard. Its durability and low cost have led to an exponential increase in plastic production, resulting in a global crisis of plastic pollution.
Environmental Impacts
Marine Life: Plastic waste often ends up in oceans, where it poses severe threats to marine ecosystems. Animals can ingest plastic, mistaking it for food, leading to digestive issues, starvation, and even death. Entanglement in plastic debris can restrict movement, cause injuries, and inhibit feeding.
Terrestrial Wildlife: Plastics also....