Augustine, Florida) in the America's was at Roanoke in 1585. The first settlement was a disaster and all returned to England. The second settlement in 1587 disappeared. (Taylor, 1998)
Religiously, the South remains dominated by English ways and hierarchies. There is no democratic debate about the faith, even to expunge sinners from the fold. Politically, only men with land dominate the legislatures. And in terms of Native relations, the disappearance of previous colonies speaks for itself. Disease also weakens the bodies of the colonists, making them more open to Native attacks.

The inequality of relations between fellow colonists is further underlined by the treatment of Black slaves in the colony. Since its inception, slave laws reflect the racism of the colony, stressing the deliberate separation of blacks and whites. Even Christian slaves are not called Christian, (another defamation of the religious attitudes of Virginia) as one 1680 law has a prescription…...

mla

Works Cited

The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. "Slavery and the Law in Virginia." 2005

  Feb 2005]http://www.history.org/history/teaching/slavelaw.cfm .[14

Logan, Samuel. "The Pilgrims and Puritans: Total Reformation for the Glory of God." Table talk magazine, vol. 20, no. 11, November 1996.

Norris Taylor, Jr. "The Massachusetts Bay Colony." 1998. Massachusetts Bay Colony Website.  http://members.aol.com/ntgen/hrtg/mass.html

Denying this flexibility denies the children the right they have to a challenging and ultimately productive education, which consists not only of the material learned but the life-lessons absorbed by the process of learning itself.
Specific tools I would implement to ensure compliance with the legal and ethical requirements of teaching would be a utilization of student-led activities, and at the same time many independent projects. he group work would be structured such that everyone had a chance to be a leader of some sort; to find the way that they work best in and with a group, and to learn the responsibility of having others to work with. his will also promote interaction among diverse social groups. his latter effect would also be the purpose of the independent projects, which not only would allow each student to adapt the assignment to their own learning style and pace, but also…...

mla

The most major impacts court rulings have had in the classroom over the past twenty years have all been in the arena of civil rights and civic duties. Brown V. The board of Education occurred in 1954, the first major decision on the road to desegregation. Subsequent rulings have dealt with school prayer, inter-district bussing to achieve racially and economically diverse populations in schools, and the redistribution of funds from districts higher tax earnings to those with greater financial need. All of these decisions have in one way or another dealt with the equality of the learning process, and with the need to maintain a balance in classrooms between individual attention and equal treatment, encouragement, and opportunity for all students.

The rights in regards to students are broadly defined by Massachusetts Teacher Standard D, which states teachers must work to promote achievement in all students, and that students must believe effort is key to achievement. I believe this means that children need to be given the opportunity to work at their level, but encouraged to keep up with the class, regardless of racial or socio-economic issues. This is just as important for children who are brighter than average; if they are not challenged, both they and others will see that effort is not always key to success; expectations need room for manipulation on a case-by-case basis. Denying this flexibility denies the children the right they have to a challenging and ultimately productive education, which consists not only of the material learned but the life-lessons absorbed by the process of learning itself.

Specific tools I would implement to ensure compliance with the legal and ethical requirements of teaching would be a utilization of student-led activities, and at the same time many independent projects. The group work would be structured such that everyone had a chance to be a leader of some sort; to find the way that they work best in and with a group, and to learn the responsibility of having others to work with. This will also promote interaction among diverse social groups. This latter effect would also be the purpose of the independent projects, which not only would allow each student to adapt the assignment to their own learning style and pace, but also to share something about their lives as a way to expose the class to a diversity of backgrounds. I believe these methods would be effective in meeting the Massachusetts Teacher Standard and, more importantly, in helping an increasingly diverse population of students to learn.

When various news reports begin to surface about these kinds of issues, is the point that many patients could become nervous about the underlying levels of quality and safety (despite their outstanding reputation).
A good example of this can be seen with the death of a patient at the facility, when the primary alarms failed to notify the staff that his condition was changing. While, this may not be a major issue (for most people), the fact of the matter is that individual attention has been overlooked. (Kowlyzki, 2010) When the public hears about situations such as this, they will begin to become concerned about what is taking place at the facility. This is the point that many individuals will go to other hospitals in the area. The main reason is out of concerns about a lack of oversight at the facility (despite the well-known reputation it has and the…...

mla

Bibliography

Case Study. (2010). Denneen. Retrieved from:  http://www.denneen.com/experience/byservice/massgeneral.shtml 

Epilepsy. (2011). Web MD. Retrieved from:  http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/epilepsy 

Joint Commission Finds Problems. (2007). HC Pro. Retrieved from:  http://www.hcpro.com/HOM-68483-2912/Joint-Commission-finds-problems-at-Massachusetts-General.html 

Minus the Bat. (2010). Selfish Giving. Retrieved from: http://selfishgiving.com/tag/Massachusetts-general-hospital

Democratic Party in Massachusetts in the last few years of the decade. Particularly, the paper will assess why the Democratic Party seems to have lost its historic continuity with middle-income voters as evidenced by the popularity of republican themes and issues. The paper will also specifically, examine the role of African-American problems in the philosophy of the democratic party and the receptivity of office holders and office seekers to identify with minority people's problems. The press will be used to help reflect on this idea in Massachusetts. The analysis and information regarding the democratic party of Massachusetts will be further included in the paper so as to present the readers with the relative information regarding the actions and strategies of the democratic party of Massachusetts. In the end, a conclusion will be provided in the paper with respect to the evidences and information, which will be discussed throughout in…...

mla

Works Cited

As retrieved from Democratic Party 1834 -- present On May13, 2004http://library.thinkquest.org/~12587/contents/parties/democrat/democrats.html.

As retrieved from Massachusetts

  On May13, 2004http://www.massdems.org/agenda/civilrights.htm .

As retrieved from PREAMBLE

The south, once it began to grow its staple crop, tobacco, formed large plantations, for which slaves bought from the Dutch were imported. The north had far fewer slaves, and its business was more diverse, what with the manufacturing of textiles, shipping, blacksmithing, and more. The spirit of the South, however, was already forming by the eighteenth century, with figures such as Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry and George ashington leading the nation to Independence from England in 1776. The north, on the other hand, was led by men like John Hancock and Samuel Adams, whose opinion on how the colonies should be united was not shared by all. Jefferson was in favor of states rights and a small central government, but the Federalist papers that would help establish the Union would be the voice of a system of federal government that would keep tyranny at bay through a…...

mla

Works Cited

"Colony of Virginia." Son of the South. 2011. Web. 16 June 2011.

"Massachusetts Colony." Son of the South. 2011. Web. 16 June 2011.

Health Qs
Massachusetts Cost Limiting Proposal

One of the major problems of the current healthcare system implemented by the State of Massachusetts is the cost of maintaining the program and providing the necessary healthcare to Massachusetts' citizens dependent on the state insurance program. Ideally, of course, the program would be paid for via the revenues generated form business contributions, premium payments into the state system, and general tax funding. Revenue can only make up half of the solution for paying for the system, however; costs must also be effectively managed and strictly limited if the program is to be successful in the long-term. One proposal for limiting these costs is switching from a reimbursement-for-services model of physician payment to the creation of performance-based salaries or regular payments.

There are several features of moving to a pay-for-performance rather than a pay-for-service model that have the potential to yield significant savings. As the state would…...

Ethical dilemmas and conflict of interest at Massachusetts General Hospital BostonDid you know Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston is ranked top five of the best hospitals in the United States? Therefore, they are expected to serve their patients diligently while maintaining and strengthening their trust and confidence as they undertake their treatment. The healthcare workers are expected to demonstrate the highest standard of professional competence, efficiency, and effectiveness between themselves and the patients. Massachusetts General Hospital is a medical, surgical, and educational facility. Thus the healthcare workers are expected to use their power and resources accredited to them by the hospital management for the patient interest, following the laws and regulations of the hospital. This means that each healthcare worker should be accountable for their decision and be able to justify their decision and actions to the management in case they are faced with a challenging scenario. However, recent reports show…...

mla

ReferencesBlake, Richard et al. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The Nature And Scope Of State Government Ethics Codes.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Public Productivity &Amp; Management Review, vol 21, no. 4, 1998, p. 453. JSTOR,   James S., and Claire Connolly Knox. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Ethics In Government: No Matter How Long And Dark The Night.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Public Administration Review, vol 68, no. 4, 2008, pp. 627-639. Wiley, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.00903.x.Bradley, Jeremy. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"How To Apply The Cooper\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Ethical Decision Model.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Small Business - Chron.Com, 2022,  https://smallbusiness.chron.com/apply-coopers-ethical-decision-model-76952.html .Chandler, Ralph Clark. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The Problem Of Moral Reasoning In American Public Administration: The Case For A Code Of Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Public Administration Review, vol 43, no. 1, 1983, p. 32. JSTOR,  https://doi.org/10.2307/975297 .Muth, Christopher C. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Conflict Of Interest In Medicine.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" JAMA, vol 317, no. 17, 2017, p. 1812. American Medical Association (AMA),  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.4044 . Accessed 18 July 2022.Svara, James H. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Who Are The Keepers Of The Code? Articulating And Upholding Ethical Standards In The Field Of Public Administration\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\". Public Administration Review, vol 74, no. 5, 2014, pp. 561-569. Wiley, https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12230.Varady, Nathan H. et al. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Analysis Of Institutional Conflict Of Interest And Bias In Research Findings And Reporting.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Healthcare, vol 9, no. 1, 2021, p. 100515. Elsevier BV,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2020.100515 .https://doi.org/10.2307/3380551 .Bowman,

UMass
Core Analysis - UMASS

This report is a critical analysis of the at University of Massachusetts Amherst budget. The intention of the report is to make recommendations in the university's resource allocations in order to improve spending tendencies in order to improve the quality of services provided to the students and the immediate community. The analysis includes several considerations. For example, the budget, a comparison of the schools other institutions and the services they provide to the community. Another objective of this report will be to provide a definition of quality in order to evaluate if the University of Massachusetts at Amherst is providing quality service. As budgets continue to shrink, the expectation of a public school education is still expected to be top notch. Although the Ivy League schools are credited as the best providers of a college education, public schools are actually responsible for providing 80% of American undergraduates…...

mla

Works Cited

Clawson, Dan. Presentation. Professor of Sociology and Vice-President of the faculty union, the Massachusetts Society of Professors.

FY05 House Higher Education Budget. Ed. State Budget. House of Rep. Massachusetts. 24 Sept. 2004  http://mscaunion.org/news/040430.pdf .

Shea, Rachel Hartigan, et al. "The Students Keep on Coming." U.S. News & World Report 23 Sept. 2002.

University of Massachusetts. Ed. UMASS. University of Massachusetts. 25 Sept. 2004  http://www.umass.edu .

unning head: DEPESSION AMONG OLDE IMMIGANTS DEPESSION AMONG OLDE IMMIGANTS 32SummaryThe presentation of the findings has focused on the expected study results based on the criteria specified. The researcher expects that they will answer the proposed study questions to uncover why older immigrant African women struggle to access mental health services in West Massachusetts. Armed with the information, the researcher can then propose service modification as recommended by the social workers interviewed in the study. All the interviews were conducted using internet services like GoToMeeting, Skype, or Zoom. The study had a maximum of 12 and a minimum of 10 social workers. This researcher believes that the study population though small is representative of the population under study. All interviews would last 45 minutes, and the participants would be asked ten questions. The recruitment of the study participants was done using social media services like Facebook and LinkedIn, where the…...

mla

ReferencesAgbemenu, K. (2016). Acculturation and Health Behaviors of African Immigrants Living in the United States: An Integrative Review. ABNF Journal, 27(3). Castleberry, A., & Nolen, A. (2018). Thematic analysis of qualitative research data: Is it as easy as it sounds? Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 10(6), 807-815. Cheng, A., Grant, V., Huffman, J., Burgess, G., Szyld, D., Robinson, T., & Eppich, W. (2017). Coaching the debriefer: peer coaching to improve debriefing quality in simulation programs. Simulation in Healthcare, 12(5), 319-325. De Kock, C. (2020). Cultural competence and derivatives in substance use treatment for migrants and ethnic minorities: what’s the problem represented to be? Social Theory & Health, 18(4), 358-394. Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149. Farooq, M. B., & De Villiers, C. (2017). Telephonic qualitative research interviews: When to consider them and how to do them. Meditari Accountancy Research. Foo, S., Tam, W., Ho, C., Tran, B., Nguyen, L., McIntyre, R., & Ho, R. (2018). Prevalence of depression among migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(9), 1986. Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher, 42(8), 846-854. Lorenz, W. (2019). European Social Work–between universal principles and cultural sensitivity. Párbeszéd: Szociális munka folyóirat, 6(3). Luther, A. K. (2018). Visual meta-data in qualitative analysis. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 33(3), 604-611. Mirick, R. G., & Wladkowski, S. P. (2019). Skype in qualitative interviews: Participant and researcher perspectives. The Qualitative Report, 24(12), 3061-3072. Mortelmans, D. (2019). Analyzing qualitative data using NVivo. In The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research (pp. 435-450). Springer. National Association of Social Workers. (1996). National Association of Social Workers code of ethics. Insert to NASW News, 41(10), 4. Richards, K. A. R., & Hemphill, M. A. (2018). A practical guide to collaborative qualitative data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 225-231. Saasa, S. K. (2019). Discrimination, coping, and social exclusion among African immigrants in the United States: A moderation analysis. Social work, 64(3), 198-206. Viola, E., Biondo, E., & Mosso, C. O. (2018). The role of Social Worker in promoting immigrants’ integration. Social work in public health, 33(7-8), 483-496. Watkins, D. C., Hawkins, J., & Mitchell, J. A. (2015). The discipline’s escalating whisper: Social work and Black men’s mental health. Research on Social Work Practice, 25(2), 240-250.

Whittier
John Greenleaf Whittier wrote "Massachusetts to Virginia" specifically to decry the institution of slavery. When Whittier wrote the poem, the United States was very much and bitterly divided over the issue of whether the institution should still be allowed. As a Quaker, Whittier was passionately against slavery. Slavery was something so appalling that Whittier can hardly recognize the American spirit in the South. Using Virginia as a symbol of the slavery-supporting South, and Massachusetts as representative of the Free North, Whittier illustrates the great cultural divide in America that led to the Civil War.

In "Massachusetts to Virginia," Whittier refers to the old names for these colonies: Old Dominion for Virginia and the Bay State for Massachusetts. Whittier makes a clear judgment on the moral characters of these two regions of the United States. Old Dominion has lost its way; the pro-slavery South are "false to their fathers' memory," and also…...

mla

Reference

Apthorp, Elaine Sargent. "John Greenleaf Whittier." Retrieved online:  http://college.cengage.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/whittier.html 

Whittier, John Greenleaf. "Massachusetts to Virginia." Retrieved online:  http://www.bartleby.com/42/794.html

Docto of Social Wok (DSW) Doctoal Reseach Poject ChecklistDate: ?????Students Name: ????? Student ID (fo office use only) -- ?????School:Pogam of Study: Social WokChaipeson ?????Committee Membe ?????Univesity Reseach Reviewe ?????The following checklist povides a tool to develop DSW Doctoal Pojects in social wok contexts. The doctoal poject involves multiple steps, including identification of the local poblem and development of the pactice-focused question(s) to addess it, and a eview of the backgound and context elated to the poblem (Section 1); a plan fo systematic collection of data and evidence (Section 2); analysis of those data to infom a solution o stategy that addesses the pactice-focused question(s) (Section 3); and poduct(s) o ecommendation(s)-fo-action based on those esults (Section 4). All items may not be elevant to you paticula study; please consult with you chai fo guidance. Instuctions fo students: Indicate on the checklist the page numbes (use the actual document page numbe,…...

mla

references that do not have associated citations). All sources are cited correctly per APA formatting requirements (for example, studies listed in alphabetical order by first author; no first names of authors). Grammar, Spelling, and Syntax The paper has been thoroughly checked for grammar, spelling, and syntax errors. The final doctoral study has been checked for correct verb tense representing a completed study. Headings Headings are used, consistent with the Walden Doctoral Study Template, to make sections of thought distinct. Use of the Writing Center Template The Writing Center Doctoral Study Template (APA, 6th edition) was used to construct the proposal and/or doctoral study so that all formatting is correct.

unning head: DEPESSION AMONG OLDE IMMIGANTS DEPESSION AMONG OLDE IMMIGANTS 2Depression among Older Immigrant African Women in Metro West MassachusettsTable of ContentsAbstract 3Section 1: Foundation of the Study and Literature eview 4Problem Statement 7Purpose of the Study 8esearch Questions 9Definition of Key Terms 10Significance of the Study 12Theoretical Framework 12eview of Professional and Academic Literature 13Cultural Competence 14Mental Health of Immigrants 15Depression Among Older African Immigrant Women 16Stressors faced by Older African Immigrant Women 18Summary 20Section 2: esearch Design and Data Collection 22esearch Design 22Methodology 23Data Analysis 25Ethical Procedures 27Limitations, Challenges, and/or Barriers 29Summary 30eferences 31AbstractThis study titled Depression among Older Immigrant African Women in Metro West Massachusetts set out to understand the causes and prevalence of depression among older women coming from Africa to live in the United States of America. The study situated older women to be women above the age of 55 and focused on exploring the…...

mla

ReferencesAgbemenu, K. (2016). Acculturation and Health Behaviors of African Immigrants Living in the United States: An Integrative Review. ABNF Journal, 27(3). Alegría, M., Álvarez, K., & DiMarzio, K. (2017). Immigration and mental health. Current epidemiology reports, 4(2), 145-155. Austin, Z. & Sutton, J. (2014). Qualitative research: Getting started. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 67(6), 436-440.   T., Ofahengaue Vakalahi, H. F., & Anderson, B. (2016). What about African American older women and depressive symptoms? Educational Gerontology, 42(5), 310-320. Barrett, L. A. (2019). Tuskegee syphilis study of 1932–1973 and the rise of bioethics as shown through government documents and actions. DttP: Documents to the People, 47(4), 11-16. Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. Nursing Plus Open, 2, 8-14.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001 Cassel, J. (1995). The contribution of the social environment to host resistance: the fourth wade Hampton frost lecture. American journal of epidemiology, 141(9), 798-814. Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic medicine. Davidson. Edu. (n.a.). IRB response to Covid 19. https://www.davidson.edu/offices-and-services/human-subjects-irb/irb-response-covid-19Delara, M. (2016). Social determinants of immigrant women’s mental health. Advances in Public Health, 2016. Derr, A. S. (2017). Mental health service use among immigrants in the United States: A systematic review. Psychiatric Services, 67(3), 265-274. Dictionary. (n.a.). Coping mechanism.  https://www.dictionary.com/browse/coping-mechanism Dictionary. (n.a.). Migration.  https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/migration Ekwemalor, C. C., & Ezeobele, I. E. (2020). Psychosocial Impacts of Immigration on Nigerian Immigrants in the United States: A Phenomenological Study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 31(3), 276-283. Emadpoor, L., Lavasani, M. G., & Shahcheraghi, S. M. (2016). Relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being among students based on mediating role of academic motivation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14(3), 284-290. Family Health International. (n.a.). Qualitataive reaserach methods: A data collector\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s field guide. https://course.ccs.neu.edu/is4800sp12/resources/qualmethods.pdfFoo, S., Tam, W., Ho, C., Tran, B., Nguyen, L., McIntyre, R., & Ho, R. (2018). Prevalence of depression among migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(9), 1986. Gilmore, R.L. (2013). Motivations, skills and rewards: Social workers\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' perspectives on practice with older adults. St. Catherine University. https://sophia.stkate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1181&context=msw_papersGlen, S. (n.a). Purposive sampling (deliberate sampling). Statistics How To.  https://www.statisticshowto.com/purposive-sampling/ Haidar, A. (n.a.). Social workers and the protection of immigrant and refugee rights. Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice.  https://crownschool.uchicago.edu/social-workers-and-protection-immigrant-and-refugee-rights Health Policy Institute. (n.a.). Cultural competence in healthacare: Is it important for people with chronic conditions?  https://hpi.georgetown.edu/cultural/ Iliyasu, R. & Etikan, I. (2021). Comparison of quota sampling and stratified random sampling. Bioemtrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 10(1), 24-27.  https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2021.10.00326 Impact Metro West. (n.a.). Demographics and diversity.  https://www.impactmw.org/demographics-and-diversity Kinser, P. A., & Lyon, D. E. (2014). A conceptual framework of stress vulnerability, depression, and health outcomes in women: potential uses in research on complementary therapies for depression. Brain and Behavior, 4(5), 665-674. Koehn, S. (2009). Negotiating candidacy: Ethnic minority seniors\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' access to care. Ageing and Society, 29(4), 585-608.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X08007952 Kristiansen, M., Razum, O., Tezcan-Guntekin, H. & Krasnik, A. (2016). Aging and health among migrants in a European perspective. Public Health Reviews, 37.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-016-0036-1 Landa, A., Skritskaya, N., Nicasio, A., Humensky, J., & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2015). Unmet need for treatment of depression among immigrants from the former USSR in the US: A primary care study. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 50(3), 271-289. Lazar-Neto, F., Louzada, A. C. S., de Moura, R. F., Calixto, F. M., & Castro, M. C. (2018). Depression and its correlates among Brazilian immigrants in Massachusetts, USA. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 20(4), 832-840. Li, S. S., Liddell, B. J., & Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Current psychiatry reports, 18(9), 82. Lotfi, S. (2020). Problems of old migrants and social work interventions. Turkish Journal of Applied Social Work, 3(2), 138-146. Lynch, J. R., Berg, S. T., Manna, J., & Schade, C. P. (2016). Making a dent in undiagnosed and untreated depression among older West Virginians. West Virginia Med. J, 112(3), 60-66. Mannan, S. (2020, May). Best practices of semi-structured interview method. Research Gate Publications. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341232398_Best_practices_of_Semi-structured_interview_methodMortensen, D.H. (2020, June 5). How to do a thematic analysis for user interviews. Interaction Design Foundation.  https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/how-to-do-a-thematic-analysis-of-user-interviews Noubicier, A.F. & Charpentier, M. (2013). Successful aging: Perception of aged immigrant woemn from Black Africa in Montreal. Sante Mentale au Quebec, 38(2), 277-295.  https://doi.org/10.7202/1024000ar .O’Donnell, C. A., Burns, N., Mair, F. S., Dowrick, C., Clissmann, C., van den Muijsenbergh, M., . . . Saridaki, A. (2016). Reducing the health care burden for marginalised migrants: the potential role for primary care in Europe. Health Policy, 120(5), 495-508. Okudo, J. C., & Ross, M. W. (2016). Common health concerns in African immigrants in the Us-implications for the family physician. International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 3(4), 44-49. Oxford University Press. (n.a.-a). Host Country. Retrieved from  https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/host_1 Oxford University Press. (n.a.-b). Immigrant. Retrieved from  https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/immigrant?q=immigrant Pannucci, C.J. & Wilkins, E.G. (2011). Identifying and avoiding bias in reaserach. Plastic and Reconstructive Suregry, 126(2), 619-625. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181de24bcNowell, L.S., Norris, J.M., White, D.E. & Moules, N.J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trsutowrthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847Rashid, R., & Gregory, D. (2014). \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'Not giving up on life\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\': a holistic exploration of resilience among a sample of immigrant Canadian women. Canadian ethnic studies, 46(1), 197-214. Rosenberg, E. (2020, January). Impact Metro West regional overview: Summary of key trends. Impact Metro West.  https://www.impactmw.org/tinymce/source/Impact%20MetroWest%20Regional%20Overview.pdf Sabbioni, D., Feehan, S., Nicholls, C., Soong, W., Rigoli, D., Follett, D., . . . Curtis, K. (2018). Providing culturally informed mental health services to Aboriginal youth: the YouthLink model in Western Australia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 12(5), 987-994. Sánchez, M., Cardemil, E., Adams, S. T., Calista, J. L., Connell, J., DePalo, A., . . . Kaminow, P. (2014). Brave new world: Mental health experiences of Puerto Ricans, immigrant Latinos, and Brazilians in Massachusetts. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(1), 16. Scheider, S., Ostermann, F. O., & Adams, B. (2017). Why good data analysts need to be critical synthesists. Determining the role of semantics in data analysis. Future Generation computer systems, 72, 11-22. Social Work Today. (n.a.) E-news exclusive: Addressing the social work needs of older immigrants and refugees.  https://www.socialworktoday.com/news/enews_0911_01.shtml Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and realiability of the reaserach instrument: How to test the validation of a questionnaire/ survey ina research. SSRN Electronic Journal, 5(3), 28-36.  https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205040 Takeuchi, D. T. (2016). Vintage wine in new bottles: infusing select ideas into the study of immigration, immigrants, and mental health. Journal of health and social behavior, 57(4), 423-435. Thoits, P. A. (1985). Social support and psychological well-being: Theoretical possibilities Social support: Theory, research and applications (pp. 51-72): Springer.Thomson, M. S., Chaze, F., George, U., & Guruge, S. (2015). Improving immigrant populations’ access to mental health services in Canada: a review of barriers and recommendations. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 17(6), 1895-1905. Tools for Dev. (n.a.). How to choose a sample size (for the statistically challanged).  https://www.tools4dev.org/resources/how-to-choose-a-sample-size/ UCI Office of Research. (n.a.). How to consent.  https://www.research.uci.edu/compliance/human-research-protections/researchers/how-to-consent.html Univeristy of California San Francisco. (2021, April 28). Verbal, electronic or implied consent (waiver of signed consent).  https://irb.ucsf.edu/verbal-electronic-or-implied-consent-waiver-signed-consent University of Southern California. (2020, December 7). 10 skills every social worker needs. https://msw.usc.edu/mswusc-blog/10-skills-every-social-worker-needs/Wolf, S. M., Clayton, E. W., & Lawrenz, F. (2018). The past, present, and future of informed consent in research and translational medicine: SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.Ythera. (2017, November 1). Who is the African woman? https://ythera.co/2017/11/who-is-the-african-woman/https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v67i6.1406 Baldwin-Clark,

UMass
When I first began my studies at the University of Massachusetts Boston, I had no idea how much that experience would dramatically alter the course of my life. Prior to entering the University of Massachusetts Boston, I had worked for ten years as a paralegal. While I found my job interesting and fulfilling, I longed to make a larger contribution to the world about me. I also wanted to learn more about the world I lived in, and the people who populated it. A major in sociology at the University of Massachusetts Boston was an obvious choice.

A worked hard during university, and graduated with honors four years after I began my program. During that time, I was actively involved in the university community. I participated in study groups with my peers, volunteered with student council, had interesting discussions with my professors, and participated in a number of extracurricular activities.…...

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts 557 U.S. 305 (2009), police arrested Luis Melendez-Diaz as the defendant was making an illegal cocaine sale in a Kmart parking lot in Massachusetts. During the trial, the Court brought into evidence, bags of cocaine Melendez-Diaz allegedly distributed along with approved drug analysis certificates a certified lab technician prepared. The lab technician also examined the drugs, identifying them as the illegal substance, cocaine and testified it was cocaine in Court. While Melendez-Diaz sought to enter a plea of not-guilty, a jury convicted Melendez-Diaz of trafficking and distributing cocaine in direct violation of Massachusetts law.
Melendez-Diaz appealed as he felt when the State introduced the drug analysis certificates performed by the lab technician, it violated his Six Amendment right that consisted of confronting witnesses against him using the Court's ruling in another case, Crawford v. Washington. In the Crawford ruling, it was held that so-called "testimonial" proof cannot…...

In the late winter as our root cellars begin to empty and the food begins to spoil our daily meals became quite meager but we live with the knowledge that matters will soon improve as the weather becomes warmer.
Our lives here are quite difficult. We are often cold and there is little to eat. We work extremely hard and what free time we do have we spend in pray being thankful for what we do have. We do, however, have our family and fellow congregation members and together we are free to honor our God in our own way. This has not always been the case and we are grateful for this opportunity. Our first days here were particularly difficult but things have improved as we have learned to adjust to the harsh weather conditions, improved our hunting skills, and gradually cleared the forests to build our farmlands. In…...

While people often lump the American colonies together, there were significant differences between the New England colonies, Middle colonies, and Southern colonies. These differences were not only geographical, but also based in who had the grants for the colonies, their favor in the British government, and who eventually settled in the lands. These differences initially impacted how successful the American colonies were and how prosperous they would become. They eventually impacted industrialization and, in many ways, could be cited as one of the root causes of the eventual American Civil War and even some of....

Certainly! Here are some potential essay topics related to American Colonies:

1. Compare and contrast the motivations for colonization between the Spanish, French, and English settlers in the Americas.
2. Analyze the impact of European diseases on Native American populations during the colonial period.
3. Discuss the role of religion in shaping the development of the American colonies.
4. Explore the economic systems of the American colonies and their impact on the growth of the colonies.
5. Evaluate the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on the development and economy of the American colonies.
6. Examine the relationship between Native American tribes and European colonizers in....

Salary History Bans and Equal Pay in the Workforce

The gender pay gap, a persistent disparity between the average earnings of women and men, remains a multifaceted issue with significant consequences for economic equality and social well-being. In an effort to address this inequity, several states have implemented salary history bans, prohibiting employers from inquiring about or relying on a job candidate's salary history during the hiring process.

Rationale for Salary History Bans

Salary history bans are based on the premise that previous salary information perpetuates existing pay disparities. When employers use salary history to determine a candidate's compensation, they may perpetuate unequal....

Historical Essay: The Evolution of Probation in the American Criminal Justice System

Introduction

Probation, as a form of community supervision for convicted offenders, has been an integral part of the American criminal justice system for over a century. This essay explores the historical evolution of probation, tracing its origins, key developments, and impact on the justice system.

Origins and Early Development

The concept of probation emerged in the late 19th century as a response to the harsh and ineffective prison system of the time. In 1878, Massachusetts enacted the first probation law in the United States, allowing judges to suspend sentences and place offenders....