Mary Wollstonecraft
The Woman

This section explains the timeline of Mary Wollstonecraft's life; understanding the choices, relationships, and events in her life helps one to understand her drive and focus in liberal feminism over the course of her short, 38-year life.

Mary Wollstonecraft was born to an English family who moves repeatedly throughout the formative years of her life (birth through 9 years of age). During her 9th through 16th year, she made friends with a neighboring clergyman, Mr. Clare. It has been theorized that it was at this point in Mary's life that she began to truly develop intellectually.

y the time she was eighteen, Mary had developed an ability to exert some influence over her father to stop the incessant moving propensity of her family and persuade him to allow her to live near a friend and continue her studies.

The first indication of Mary Wollstonecraft's social awareness is when her sister Eliza,…...

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Bibliography

Flexner, Eleanor. Mary Wollstonecraft. New York: 1972.

George, Margaret. One Woman's 'Situation': A Study of Mary Wollstonecraft. London: University of Illinois Press, 1970.

Godwin, William. Memoirs of the Author of a Vindication of the Rights of Woman. London: Penguin Books [reprint], 1987.

Sunstein, Emily. A Different Face: The Life of Mary Wollstonecraft. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1975.

Mary Wollstonecraft's Impact On American Society
It may be difficult for some to phantom a world where the role of women was substantially different than it is today. In the twentieth century, women have made significant inroads into the world once dominated entirely by men but in the days of Mary Wollstonecraft the situation was remarkably different and the obstacles and barriers that Wollstonecraft and the other ladies who stood by her side had to face were considerable. Wollstonecraft was born in 1759 in a time when the options available to young ladies was extremely limited and for someone like Mary Wollstonecraft to have stepped forward in the way that she did in an attempt to redefine the roles of women in society was unheard of. Mary possessed what one might describe as a contrary personality but the reasons supporting being contrary certainly existed in the mid-18th century and many of…...

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References

Boe, A. d. (2011). 'I Call Beauty a Social Quality': Mary Wollstonecraft and Hannah More's Rejoinder to Edmund Burke's Body Politic of the Beautiful. Women's Writing, 348-366.

Pedersen, J.S. (2011). Mary Wollstonecraft: a life in past and present times. Women's History Review, 423-436.

Wollstonecraft, M. (2009). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and A Vindication of the Rights of Men (reissue edition). Cambridge, MA: Oxford University Press.

Wollstonecraft, M. (2010). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects. IndoEuropean Publishing.

Mary ollstonecraft
Although she was born in 1759, Mary ollstonecraft is hailed as the first modern feminist (Cucinello pp). Her "A Vindication of the Rights of oman," published in 1792, is the first great feminist treatise (ollstonecraft pp). ollstonecraft preached that women must be strong in mind and body and that sentimentality was symbolic with weakness (ollstonecraft pp).

Born to a "gentry" farmer and an aloof mother, it is said she began protesting at an very young age, when her brother received that favored position when it was Mary who would protect her mother from the abusive father (Cucinello pp). For a number of years ollstonecraft worked as a governess before deciding to make the unconventional career choice of becoming an editor and journalist (Cucinello pp). She wrote the "Thoughts on the Education of Daughters" in 1786 and in 1790 published "A Vindication of the Rights of Man" "as a response to…...

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Work Cited

Carlson, Julie A. "Mary Wollstonecraft's Social and Aesthetic Philosophy: An Eve

to Please Me." CLIO; 3/22/2003; pp.

Cucinello, Patrice. "Mary Wollstonecraft."

http://www.english.upenn.edu/~esimpson/Teaching/Romantics/patrice.html

ollstonecraft
Mary ollstonecraft and the Mis-education of omen

According to ollstonecraft, women have been mis-educated by men and society in general (ollstonecraft, 7). This has taken place because of the way women have been viewed in society, and how it is expected that they act. ollstonecraft lived in a time when women were most definitely expected to act like "ladies," and were not allowed to work and make lives of their own in the same manner they do today. Those kinds of things would have simply been unacceptable to men and to society. omen also did not have rights like they do today, and they could not do for themselves because they were not legally able to do so. This fostered the belief that women were lesser creatures, and it is a belief that women took to heart for a long time (ollstonecraft, 9). As society was studied by ollstonecraft, however, she…...

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Works Cited

Hewlett, Sylvia Ann. A Lesser Life: The Myth of Women's Liberation in America. (1st. ed.). NY: W. Morrow and Co. 1986. Print.

Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. NY: Dover. 2012. Print.

Mary Wollstonecraft
"Freedom, even uncertain freedom, is dear; you know I am not born to tread the beaten track." -- Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft was an outspoken political expressionist, essayist and feminist before anyone knew that there was such a thing. Her most famous work to date, A Vindication of the ights of Women, made a radical claim that a society cannot progress unless its wives and mothers were not educated. Born in 1759 in the Spitalfields section of London, Mary was second among seven children belonging to a middle class family. Being poor manager of money, Mary's father John Edward made the family move from place to place in unsuccessful attempts to make it big ultimately settling in Wales, becoming poorer with every move (Kreis, et al. 2009).

An intelligent girl, Mary Wollstonecraft understood at an early age what prospects were like for women of her social class, and she did not…...

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References

Banks, O. (1986) Faces of Feminism Blackwell

Bouchier, D. (1983) The Feminist Challenge Macmillan

Brennan, T. And Pateman, C (1979) 'Mere auxilaries to the Commonwealth: Women and the Origins of Liberalism' Political Studies 27, no.2

Evans, J. (1980) 'Women in Politics: a reappraisal' Political Studies 28, no.2

gender equality could be regarded as the most emphasized matter in western civilization and the favorite reoccurring object of public opinion. Mary Wollstonecraft's views on the subject, professed in A Vindication of the ights of Woman, proved to be the first outright manifestation against society's bias concerning women. Notwithstanding its significance, her work was awarded with proper attention after a century.
Despite the fact that Enlightenment centered on humanism and drew the outlines of what we presently call democracy, its leading figures entertained vastly progressive scenarios within the singular reach of men. As a matter of fact, the philosophers, in their arduous yet theoretical endeavors for human perfection, were oblivious to the imbalance and imperfection of this ultimate goal if half of mankind would be left out of it. From this perspective, historian Henry Noel Brailsford reckoned A Vindication of the ights of Woman "perhaps the most original book of…...

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References

Brailsford, H.N. Shelley, Godwin, and Their Circle. New York, H. Holt and Co., 1913

Matthews, R. And DeWitt Platt, F. Readings in the Western Humanities. New York:

McGraw-Hill Education, 2010

Matthews, R., DeWitt Platt, F. And Noble, T. The Western Humanities Seventh

This communication with the outside world includes sections in the novel that clearly show she feels blame and guilt at her depression and how it has made her treat her "beautiful" poet, Woodville. She writes, "But now also I began to reap the fruits of my perfect solitude. I had become unfit for any intercourse, even with Woodville the most gentle and sympathizing creature that existed. I had become captious and unreasonable: my temper was utterly spoilt" (Shelley 76). In fact, she believed her own depression and temperament helped drive Shelley to indulge in extra-marital affairs, and because of this, she became even more depressed and morose. She shows this in Mathilda, in a way to assuage her grief and guilt at placing even more of a strain on her marriage.
It is also interesting to note that Mary formats the novel in the form of a journal or letters…...

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References

Nitchie, Elizabeth. Mary Shelley: Author of "Frankenstein." Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970.

O'Sullivan, Barbara Jane. "Beatrice in Valperga: A New Cassandra." The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond Frankenstein. Ed. Audrey a. Fisch, Anne K. Mellor, and Esther H. Schor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 140-156.

Rajan, Tilottama. "Mary Shelley's 'Mathilda': Melancholy and the Political Economy of Romanticism." Studies in the Novel 26.2 (1994): 43+.

Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Mathilda. Ed. Elizabeth Nitchie. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1959.  http://manybooks.net/titles/shelleym15231523815238-8.html

vindication rights woman - Mary ollstonecraft (primary source) http://web.archive.org/web/19970803094951/http:/www.baylor./~BIC/CIII/Essays/rights_of_woman.html Declaration rights omen, Olympe de Gouge, 1791(Compareable source) http://www.
This is a novel entitled "A Vindication of the Rights of oman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects" and it is meant to address society regarding the fact that women are discriminated on a frequent basis without anyone doing anything to stop this wrongness.

Mary ollstonecraft's 1792 "A Vindication of the Rights of oman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects" is one of the first texts written on the topic of feminism. The writer is a philosopher and an ardent supporter of female writes during an era when women were generally regarded as being inferior to men. In addition to writing on the topic of women being discriminated, she also focused on other topics that required moral attention and did not hesitate to criticize individuals and institutions that she considered to…...

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Works cited:

Wiliams, Helen Maria, "Letters Written in France," (Broadview Press, 21.08.2001)

Wollstonecraft, Mary, "A vindication of the rights of woman: with strictures on political and moral subjects," (J. Johnson, 1796)

Jane Austen and Mary Wollstonecraft were seemingly writers with two distinctly different styles of writing who created a furor with their controversial styles of presentation. Though each wrote in different ways they were similar in conceptions of theme. Both Feminist writers, Austen and Wollstonecraft underlined the constrictions placed on women in society and the oppression they faced as their individuality was objectified in terms of beauty and societal class.
Consider that critics of Austen's stories contend that she gained popularity not because she offered escape through her fictitious depictions but rather because her protagonists were so "realistic" and presented in real terms the restrictive social conditions in which people, especially women, have had to live. Austen's stories are then based on strong women who struggle with the expectations society places on their actions. Though they may not always prove successful the strength is shown through the attempt rather than the final…...

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References

Johnson, Claudia L. Jane Austen: Women, Politics and the Novel (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988) from Walsh, Germaine Paulo, Is Jane Austen politically correct? Interpreting Mansfield Park., Perspectives on Political Science, 01-01-2002, pp 15.

Primary Source

The Longman Antholology of British Literature by Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc. Copyright 2000.

Marxian critique of capitalism focuses on the private ownership and control of social means of production -- factories, farms, fisheries, forests, and their accumulated representations, financial capital. Capital is the product of the collective productive efforts of the men and women who do the work in society, and it ought to be controlled by them and put to productive uses that serve their needs and desires. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement
Capitalism and communism are two entirely diverse systems. Capitalism involves the freedom of markets. In capitalism the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by private owners. In communism the factors of production and resources are controlled by state owners or government.

Capitalism is simply when an owner with the wisdom of God free from government (even well intentioned) trying to impose its collective human wisdom upon society and individuals. Capitalism is the best way…...

Wollstonecraft & J.J. Rousseau
The influence of humanity and reason in the works of Mary Wollstonecraft and Jean Jacques Rousseau on education and women

The age of Enlightenment put forth the importance of humanism and reason, concepts that creates a balance between humanity's innate tendency to experience emotions while at the same time, cultivating a rational view of experiencing sensations and interactions around him/her. Indeed, discourses that were created and published in the 18th century reflected the use of reason in order to elucidate the nature of human beings. 'Enlightenment discourses,' in effect, provide an important insight into the humanism and reason that dwells inside the human mind.

These important concepts of the Enlightenment were shown in the works of Mary Wollstonecraft and Jean Jacques Rousseau. oth being proponents and believers of the principles reflective of the Enlightenment, they expressed their views of how humanism and reason influenced their position about the role…...

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Bibliography

Rousseau, J.J. (1762). E-text of "Emile." Available at: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/pedagogies/rousseau/em_eng_preface2.html.

Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). E-text of "Vindication of the rights of women." Available at:  

The author characterizes each woman as passive, disposable and serving a utilitarian function. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein tells of the evaluation of the problems associated with gender identity via the development of a dreadful monster in a peaceful community. Considering the major characters of 'Frankenstein' which portray the perfect gender duties in those days, it is then quite intriguing that Frankenstein's monster was created and it calls for a thorough research into the societal status of the British in the 1800s.

Theme

Female characters like Safie, Elizabeth, Justine, Margaret and Agatha provide nothing more but a channel of action for the male characters in the novel.

They are on the receiving end of actions and occurrences, mostly because they are trying to get back at a male character or make him feel a particular way. Every female character in Shelley's Frankenstein has a unique role to play (Tan).

Let's start with Justine, an inactive and quiet…...

It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored" (King). King responds to the incredible unfairness of the situation carefully and demonstrates that even from in a prison, a person can argue logically.
Both authors appeal to authority. ollstonecraft lives in a world dominated by man and she must appeal to their logic is she is to make any headway with her arguments. She begins by examining the importance of education -- including the education of women. Educating women is important to ollstonecraft and she builds her primary argument upon the principle that if women are not educated to "become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all" (ollstonecraft). omen are responsible for educating children and they should not under any circumstances, resort to a "false system of education, gathered from the books…...

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Works Cited

King, Martin Luther. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." 1963. University of Pennsylvania online.

Information Retrieved March 14, 2010.

  Web.http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html 

Wollstonecraft, May. "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman." Information Retrieved March 14, 2010.

The monster knows right from wrong and he choice is one of desperation. Victor never realizes the difference between right and wrong because it is not within his nature to do so.
Frankenstein will always be closely examined when it comes to matters of humanity because of its subject matter. Victor has every opportunity to do something good with his life and the most he can muster is achieving his own dreams of glory by attempting to recreate life. Despite his education and loving family, Victor swerves off the normal path and skids onto the freakish one. The monster he creates encompasses more goodness than he does but he cannot see this because he is just like the rest of humanity - unable to see beyond the monster's appearance. The monster tried everything within his power to remove himself from the freakish path that Victor placed him on and gain…...

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Works Cited

Bloom, Harold. "An excerpt from a study of Frankenstein: or, the New Prometheus." Partisan Review. 1965. Gale Resource Database. Retrieved December 4, 2008.http://www.infotrac.galegroup.comInformation

Bloom on Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley." Bloom's Classic Critical Views. 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Information Retrieved December 4, 2008.  http://www.fofweb.com 

Gould, Stephen. "The Monster's Human Nature." Natural History. 1994. EBSCO Resource Database. Information Retrieved December 4, 2008.  http://search.epnet.com/ 

Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Bantam Books. 1981.

It is through Shelley's doubling between Frankenstein and the Monster, and herself and Frankenstein and the Monster, that Freud's uncanny and psychological concepts of the id, ego, and superego can be analyzed. Shelley demonstrates how an individual's outward appearance is not necessarily representative of their character and at the same time is able to come to terms with the psychological traumas that plagued her -- from losing her own mother at childbirth to losing her own children shortly thereafter. Furthermore, Shelley is able to demonstrate how an imbalance between an individual's id, ego, and superego can influence behavior and is also able to demonstrate how each of these is formed, either through instinctual behaviors, observations, and education. Ultimately, Shelley's understanding of the uncanny, and psychological constructs, paved the way for psychologists like Freud to investigate the constructs of fear and unease.

orks Cited

Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. 1923. eb.…...

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Works Cited

Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. 1923. Web. 2 May 2013.

-. "The Uncanny." 1919. Web. 2 May 2013.

Johnson, Barbara. "My Monster/My Self." Diacritics. Vol. 12. The Johns Hopkins University

Press, 1982, pp. 2-10. JSTOR. 2 May 2013.

Mary Shelley was born on August 30, 1797, in London, England. She was the daughter of political philosopher William Godwin and feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft. At the age of 16, she ran off with poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, whom she later married.

In 1818, Mary Shelley published her most famous work, "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus," which is considered one of the first science fiction novels. The novel tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a grotesque creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. The novel explores themes of ambition, creation, and the consequences of playing God.

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Early Life and Influences

Born on August 30, 1797, in London, to the philosopher William Godwin and the feminist Mary Wollstonecraft.
Mother died shortly after childbirth, leaving a significant void in Mary's life.
Raised by her father and stepmother, she received an unconventional education that emphasized rationalism and intellectual independence.
Influenced by the Romantic movement and the works of poets like William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Marriage to Percy Bysshe Shelley

Met Percy Bysshe Shelley, a radical poet, in 1814.
Eloped with him to Europe in 1816, defying societal norms.
Traveled extensively, often in the company of Lord Byron.
Faced....