Both exogamy and endogamy were common in the past. For instance race-based differentiation in marriages were enacted as laws and they originated in the American colonies within the seventeenth century.in many cases laws outlawed, criminalized and even banned marriages between whites and "negroes" or "mulattoes." These bans went on even after United Sates was founded. This is an example of endogamy whereby people were only allowed to get married to individuals from their group in this case their race. Whites were only allowed to get married to whites and "Negroes" were only allowed to marry their fellow "negroes." In the past people were also expected to get married outside their age groups. This means that people with the same age were not expected to marry each other.in many cases a husband was supposed to be older or from a different age group from the wife. This is an example…...

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References

Cott, N.F. (2011). No Objections; what history tells us about remaking marriage. Retrieved May 24, 2013 from http://www.bostonreview.net/BR36.1/cott.php

Everitt, L. (2012). Ten key moments in the history of marriage. Retrieved May 24, 2013 fromhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17351133

Goleman, D. (1992). After Kinship and Marriage, Anthropology Discovers Love. Retrieved May

24, 2013 from  http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/24/science/after-kinship-and-marriage-anthropology-discovers-love.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

Marriage is a social institution with strong political overtones. The institution has created and enforced gender norms throughout every human society in all historical eras. Therefore, one of the reasons marriage works is because it is often strictly enforced with social codes. Marriage is only now starting to fall out of favor, and is being viewed more and more as an option rather than as an expectation. Yet there are still societal and personal pressures placed on individuals, making marriage work on a collective level. Thus, marriages work well in societies with strict taboos against divorce and even in societies with arranged marriages. Even on a personal level, arranged marriages that are socially sanctioned are often more likely to develop into deep and lasting connections between the spouses. As Bentley (2011) points out, "arranged marriages are far more likely to lead to lasting affection than marriages of passion." The reason…...

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References

Andrews, J.D. (2012). 25 secrets about marriage. Reader's Digest. Retrieved nline:  http://www.rd.com/advice/relationships/25-secrets-to-making-marriage-work/ 

Bentley, P. (2011). Why an arranged marriage is more likely to develop into love. Daily Mail. 4 March 2011. Retrieved online:  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1363176/Why-arranged-marriage-likely-develop-lasting-love.html 

Dr. Phil. (n.d.). Relationships/sex. Retrieved online:  http://www.drphil.com/articles/article/53 

Gottman, J. & Silver, N. (1999). The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. New York: Random House.

Marriage and Divorce
Interview One: Olivia/College Student

When Olivia speaks of her own relationship, she does exhibit some of the traits common to young people when selecting a mate, meaning that she admitted to being attracted to her boyfriend initially based on his smile, and height, also citing his sense of humor as something which drew her towards him.

Olivia demonstrates some practical notions of marriage, along with some that are still incredibly youthful, which appear to whitewash some of the nuances and intricacies of marriage. For example, Olivia does explain that she thinks a couple should be together for at least three years before marriage to really test their compatibility with one another. Olivia also explains that marriage is something where both parties should openly discuss the details of it -- such as when the marriage will occur and where the couple will live. She also seems to view marriage as ideally…...

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References

LaMotte, E.J. (2008). Overcoming Your Parents' Divorce. Far Hills: New Horizon Press.

Owen, H. (2009). Get Selfish, Get Happy. Australia: A&A Book Publishing

Schnebly, L. (2001) Being Happy Being Married. Cambridge: Fisher Books.

2. Should marriage be a path to citizenship for an American citizen's alien spouse, children, siblings, or parents? Discuss the pros and cons of prioritizing family reunification in our immigration policies.

Marriage should certainly be a path towards American citizenship. People should be free to determine their spouse and this choice should not be restricted to any geographic area. It is often the case that love knows no boundaries. Individuals should therefore not be limited by geographic restrictions when choosing a partner. Because of this it would be a crime to separate spouse based on immigration policies. Furthermore, children who certainly need their parents should also be included in similar categories in the eyes of immigration policy. However, the less immediate question is more difficult. There would have to be a line drawn somewhere and siblings might not be a close enough relationship to justify a path to citizenship and this…...

Marriage - After the itual is Over
Marriage: After the itual is Over

Marriage as a lifestyle is far different from the actual wedding. Unfortunately, many people are very focused on the ritual of getting married and not focused on what takes place after the ritual is over. Sometimes this is so pervasive that it can cloud a person's judgment as it relates to the person he or she is marrying - or whether he or she even wants to be married at all (Beck, 2011). Getting married (the wedding) and being married (spending a lifetime together through sickness and health, etc.) are two very separate things. While this is realized on a logical level, it is not always as deeply realized on an emotional level. Getting to that point of deep, emotional understanding of the commitment being made is a very important thing to do for any couple considering marriage.

Once the…...

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References

Beck, M.D.J. (2011). Sorry, I thought I loved you. London: Chipmunka Publishing.

Bernardi, F. & Martinez-Pastor, J.I. (2010). Female education and marriage dissolution: Is it a selection effect? European Sociological Review.

Edge, P. & Corrywright, D. (2011). Including religion: Reflections on legal, religious, and social implications of the developing ceremonial law of marriage and civil partnership. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 26(1): 19-32.

Gornbein, H. (2011). Top 11 reasons why your marriage may fail in 2011. Huffington Post. Retrieved from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/henry-gornbein/top-11-reasons-why-your-m_1_b_822940.html

Marriage and Dating in the Middle Ages
Throughout the ages the ideals a marriage is based on have greatly fluctuated. Whereas the practice of arranged marriages isn't common in the Western world, during the Middle Ages, marriages were often arranged on the basis of land ownership, or the acquiring of power and wealth.

Dating in the Middle Ages was practically an obsolete step in the higher classes. Classes were not allowed to inter-marry, let alone date.

Most instances of dating would have probably occurred in the lower classes where arranged marriages were not common.

From the 9th Century, the Church increasingly claimed marriage as one of its sacraments; however, despite some efforts at a complete clerical takeover, the marriage service remained the work of the couple, with the priest merely a witness" (Gardiner & Wenborn, 1995).

Nevertheless, friends and family members often played an intricate part in arranging a marriage when great wealth and land…...

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Bibliography

Beaver, L. Interracial Relationships: A Historical Perspective

Online. www.personal.psu.edu2003.

Carter, R. Marriage in Medieval Times

Gardiner, J & Wenborn, N. (Eds.) The History Today Companion to British History

On one hand, there does seem to be advantages that can be gained through marriage; especially for females. However, on the other hand, these indicators are compiled through aggregates of large samples. Therefore these findings do not suggest that any individuals should use these findings to try to plan their lives. Correlation does not equal causation and individuals should attempt to make good decisions that are not necessarily based on these findings.
3. The APA page contains the following report on how race and socioeconomic status can impact marital satisfaction: http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2010/10/race-marriage.aspx Discuss some of the findings of this report and their implications.

According to census reports fewer African-American adults are married (44% males and 37% females) compared to Asians (65% males and females), Latinos (56% males and 58% females), and hites (62% males and 58% females) however studies going beyond demographics suggest that regardless of age or education, married African-Americans report…...

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Works Cited

Bryant, C. (2010, October). Understanding the intersection of race and marriage: Does one model fit all? Retrieved from American Psychological Association: http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2010/10/race-marriage.aspx

Conger, C. (N.d.). Are married people happier than singles? Retrieved from How stuff works:  http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/married-people-happier-than-singles.htm 

DePaulo, B. (2013, March 15). Marriage and Happiness: 18 Long-Term Studies. Retrieved from Psychology Today:  http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/living-single/201303/marriage-and-happiness-18-long-term-studies 

Matthews, D. (2013, April 4). People who marry young are happier, but those who marry later earn more. Retrieved from Washington Post:  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/04/04/people-who-marry-young-are-happier-but-those-who-marry-later-earn-more/

Why stay together? Dean would like to stay for the child's sake, but he realizes that Cindy does not want him and that their dysfunctional relationship may actually harm the child.
The economic difficulties the couple faces are not so real as Cindy makes them seem. She wants security, but of a different kind than Dean provides. He is not going anywhere and makes a decent living -- but it is not enough for her.

The social vulnerabilities which they experience are evident in their respective outlooks on society and the world around them. Dean tends to be content with what he has, but when others (like Cindy's former boyfriend) appear and try to intrude, he becomes anxious and upset. Cindy feels the weight of society bearing down on her. One has the sense that if only these two could escape society, their marriage might have a chance.

The French film Amour…...

Marriage implies different meanings based on the time and place of the culture and people concerned. Some notions about marriage are clear for some people and absurd for others. None of the notions are either right or erroneous, but only refers to different forms of marriage. Thoughts of one culture should not be forced on other cultures. The viewpoints vary, that is, some believe in multiple marriage partners while others believe in having only straight marriages yet others believe in certain age restrictions. It is impracticable for governments to permit their people get into all forms of marriage according to the likings of people. Certain known specifications are needed for legal contracts to have legal value. Making one type of marriage legal leads to isolation and standardization of marriage ultimately results in codifying traditions into static legal codes and making them sluggish as society transforms. (Marriage: www.vexen.co.uk)
Thus, legalized forms of…...

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References

A Compilation of Customs and Traditions regarding Marriage. Retrieved from   Accessed on 30 July 2005http://www.limarriages.com/customs.html 

Before you marry. Retrieved from   Accessed on 30 July 2005http://www.stjudeparish.com/growth/prep/marriage/default.asp 

Marriage. Retrieved from  http://www.vexen.co.uk/human/marriage.html 

Accessed on 30 July 2005

This is essential if we are to ensure that children receive proper and stable parenting - which is so essential to child development in all areas.
Debate and different views as to new modes and methods of improving and promoting family and marriage have their place. However, this does not mean that the ideal of family should in any sense be diminished or discarded.

ibliography

arber, N. (2000) Why Parents Matter: Parental Investment and Child Outcomes. 2000. Westport, CT: ergin & Garvey Publishers.

ourg, F.C. (2004). A Christian Theology of Marriage and Family. Theological Studies, 65(1), 208+.

uckley, W.F. (2003, December 22). Does Marriage Matter?. National Review, 55, 59. Retrieved October 30, 2005, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009237170

Ishwaran, K. & Mogey, J.M. (Eds.). (1963). Family and Marriage. Leiden, The Netherlands E.J. rill. Retrieved October 30, 2005, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6360788

Kuttner, R. (2002, April 8). The Politics of Family. The American Prospect, 13, 22+. Retrieved October…...

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Bibliography

Barber, N. (2000) Why Parents Matter: Parental Investment and Child Outcomes. 2000. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey Publishers.

Bourg, F.C. (2004). A Christian Theology of Marriage and Family. Theological Studies, 65(1), 208+.

Buckley, W.F. (2003, December 22). Does Marriage Matter?. National Review, 55, 59. Retrieved October 30, 2005, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009237170 

Ishwaran, K. & Mogey, J.M. (Eds.). (1963). Family and Marriage. Leiden, The Netherlands E.J. Brill. Retrieved October 30, 2005, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6360788

Marriage Stability
The success of marriage has been shown to depend on a number of variables, such as interpersonal competence (Cole and Cole, 1999), personal meanings of marriage (Timmer and Orbuch, 2001), socioeconomic status, education, wife religiosity (Brown, Orbuch, and Bauermeister, 2008), and close ties to parents (Orbuch, Bauermeister, Brown, and McKinley, 2013). The vast majority of research has focused on the perspective of parents and the various variables that influence marriage stability. By comparison, little attention has been paid to the perspective of children despite research showing that divorce can have a dramatic and negative impact on the social, psychological, and economic well-being of children (Wallerstein, Lewis, and osenthal, 2013). This research study will investigate the perspective of unmarried adults who came from either a broken or intact home and whether they believe close family ties had a significant influence on marriage stability.

Conceptual and Operational Definition

This study will investigate whether…...

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References

Bridges, Laura J. And Roe, Amy E.C. (2007). Children's perspectives on their relationships with grandparents following parental separation: A longitudinal study. Social Development, 16(3), 539-554.

Brown, Edna, Orbuch, Terri L., and Bauermeister, Jose A. (2008). Religiosity and marital stability among Black American and White American couples. Family Relations, 57(2), 186-197.

Cole, Charles Lee and Cole, Anna L. (1999). Marriage enrichment and prevention really works: Interpersonal competence training to maintain and enhance relationships. Family Relations, 48(3), 273-275.

Orbuch, Terri L., Bauermeister, Jose A., Brown, Edna, and McKinley, Brandyn-Dior. (2013). Early family ties and marital stability over 16 years: The context of race and gender. Family Relations, 62(2), 255-268.

The event topic for day three focuses on evaluating each other's willingness to accept help from his or her partner. This relates to how couples make decisions within their marriage and brings up topics such as -- how to spend the holidays, time with each other, time with friends, practicing faith, relationship with families, careers, financial concerns, children, hobbies, and household responsibilities.

Working as a team is an important aspect of marriage; developing what Gottman (1999) describes as a sense of "we-ness" as opposed to a "me-ness" is vital for marriage success and longevity. Creating a sense of we-ness can be achieved through cognitive behavioral couples therapy. When one part of the couples has needs that are not being met, it is important these needs are communicated to one's spouse so that they can work together to find ways -- as a team -- for the spouse to have his or…...

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Day four is all about the couples learning how to appreciate small positive changes in life in order to bring about change that can lead to forgiveness. One techniques of solution-focused therapy is the asking of questions. Questions are asked and selected responses are then discussed and the couple will have the opportunity to elaborate on the topic. The therapists work with the individuals to get them to come to their own desired outcomes. The therapist works as a mirror -- concave or convex mirrors that can swivel - rather than providing a flat mirror that simply reflects.

Day five's topic will delve into showing love through different ways -- hand touch, affection, sex, rituals, activities, faith and/or prayer. Gurman (2008) discusses the "love days" or "caring days," which are days that are set aside for showing your significant other love, care and affection. On these days, couples may want to show their love for each other by doing nice things such as bringing them coffee in bed, surprising her with flowers, making a special dinner or leaving an "I love you" note on the bathroom mirror. This is a good exercise for people who have not given their marriage the priority it deserves.

The Marriage Enrichment Program is a great opportunity for individuals to reconnect with their spouse. I have learned that marriage is a process; it grows and changes shape over the years and sometimes we forget to be caring or thoughtful. We often put our own needs and desires over our spouse's. In researching this paper, I discovered that there are many simple things that couples can do to keep the love and care alive. Open communication came up over and over in the readings and the enrichment program is a good door opener to better communication skills.

Marriage: this I call the will that moves two to create the one which is more than those who created it -- Friedrich Nietzsche.
Have you ever noticed that there are some phrases or expressions that their definition is not accurate enough for us? I think that "marriage" is one of them. Almost everyone has an idea of what marriage is to him or her. If you ask different people around the world what marriage means to them, they will tell you a slightly or maybe noticeably different definition than yours. The Concept of marriage is different between one culture and another. For example, even though one person may think of a marriage as a symbol of endless love brought together by a ceremony, another person may think of the marriage concept as a business exchange so one can be wealthier. Interestingly, different religions see marriage in various ways. According to…...

Marriage and Divorce in the Bible
Marriage is often seen as a sacred engagement from a biblical perspective. The Bible does not spell out every detail of marriage, but makes it clear that certain requirements are necessary to make the union acceptable under God. Here, the research suggests that "it reflects the level of intimacy and commitment that distinguishes marriage from other relationships" (Carey, 2011). Marriage is the deepest relationship two individuals can have with one another. This relationship is based on respect and love, for one another, and for God. The Bible states that "love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no records of wrongs" (Corinthians 1:13). The Biblical assumptions of marriage require that God condone the union and remain at the center…...

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References

Carey, Greg. (2011). What does the Bible actually say about marriage? Huffington Post. Web.  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/greg-carey/bible-weddings_b_887979.html 

Site Organic. (2012). What does the Bible say about marriage? The Word Out. Web. http://www.thewordout.net/pages/page.asp?page_id=74725

Marriage as Captivity:
The Short Fiction of O'Henry and Chopin

The short stories "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry and "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin explore the nuances of married life in memorable and plaintive manners. At first glance, these two short stories appear to be very different and portray the institution of marriage in dramatically distinct ways. However, the reality is that each story looks at a trend which can exist within a union between two people: the trend of captivity in marriage. Both Henry and Chopin's stories demonstrate the prevalence of captivity in marriage and how one's marriage partner can quickly become one's cell mate. Each other demonstrates a certain level of the imprisonment which can exist and thrive within marriage and how damaging this can be when allowed to thrive.

The "Gift of the Magi" at first glance appears to be a classic story about…...

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References

Christin, C. (2012). A Story Of An Hour. Retrieved from wordpress.com:  http://christina0620.wordpress.com/story-of-an-hour-essay-paper/ 

Henry, O. (2012). The Gift of the Magi. Retrieved from auburn.edu:  https://www.auburn.edu/~vestmon/Gift_of_the_Magi.html 

Vcu.edu. (2013). "The Story of An Hour." Retrieved from vcu.edu:  http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/webtexts/hour/ 

Zuniga, L. (2010). " Married folks they are: and few pleasures they have": marriage scenes in O. Henry's short storie. Univeristy of Granada, 151-161.

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According to some authors, divorce is a problem when it comes to delinquency. Others do not see a strong correlation. For example, "The variables that predict male delinquency were found to be different from those that predict female delinquency. Characteristics of the parents' marriage play an important role for boys, while misbehavior of girls is more strongly predicted by variables measuring parent-child interaction and parental control." comes from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1982.tb01014.x/abstract and appears to say that only boys are affected by factors in their parents' marriage when it comes to delinquency. However, this article: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J087v39n01_07#.UnhDkOLufLY states that divorce is a cause of....

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