However, nothing can be done until the malware actually occurs. With all the different viruses, worms and Trojans, how can security managers possibly predict what malware will occur next? In contrast, a behavioral rule defines legitimate activity in a system. Any activity not matching the profile will cause the security product to be triggered. As rules are not specific to a particular type of attack, they can block malicious behavior without having to recognize the precise attack used. Thus, there is additional protection against new attacks as they emerge. It is to effectively prevent any unauthorized applications, including malicious code and Trojans. or, it could protect a webserver by making it impossible for anyone to access the webserver to change the files and limiting the risk of a hack (Franklin, 2002).
However, the dilemma comes how many rules should the system have? The security manager must decide between an effective…...

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References Cited

Bowyer, K.W. (2003). "Living responsibly in a computerized world." Ethics and Computing. New York: IEEE press.

Control Guard. http://www.controlguard.com/index.asp

Franklin, I. (November 26, 2002) "Entercept Security Technologies: Rules or signatures?

The best method of prevention." Toolbox. Retrieved from website September 16,

Malware Attacks the Democratic Process
Once upon a time, a candidate had to excel at kissing babies and stump speeches. These were the major ways in which the candidate got his -- or much less frequently her -- image out to voters. All that the candidate's staff had to do as to ensure that reporters and photographers showed up at the right time to capture the choreographed images. The world of politicking today has been entirely transformed by the use of virtual communication, both websites and social media. Thus not only do campaign staffs have to be ever-vigilant for the unscripted moment on the trail in which the candidate is caught with the rabbit-in-the-headlights look. They also have to be constantly on the look-out for attacks on websites that will either distort the candidate's message or shut down the ability of the candidate to get that message out. This paper begins…...

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References

College of New Jersey security guidelines. Retrieved from  http://www.tcnj.edu/~it/security/passwords.html .

Murphy, S. (18 April 2010). Revere candidate target of cyber attack:AG Coakley investigating offensive posts. Retrieved from  http://www.boston.com/news/local/Massachusetts/articles/2010/04/18/revere_candidate_target_of_cyber_attack/ 

Poremba, S.M. (24 April 2008). Presidential campaign cyber-attacks are here to stay. Retrieved from  http://www.scmagazineus.com/presidential-campaign-cyberattacks-appear-here-to-stay/article/109412/

Defeating the Threat of Malware
Throughout history, humans have constructed walls, palisades, moats and other barriers as defenses against malicious attacks, but invaders have also responded with improved technologies that can defeat these defenses. Just as medieval defenders built their walls higher and their moats deeper, software developers today also seek to create products that are safe from unauthorized intrusion through firewalls and other security measures while hackers and other criminal elements try to defeat them with various stratagems including the use of so-called "malware." Because malware can affect any consumer, identifying ways to defeat these programs represents a timely and valuable enterprise. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning the different types of malware, typical proactive measures and tools that can be utilized against malware attacks and the technologies that are involved. Finally, a discussion and assessment concerning future trends in…...

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References

Gale, D. (2006). Can this virus be 'rooted' out? A new kind of hard-to-detect malware is increasing our vulnerability to hackers and creating headaches for makers of antiviral software THE Journal, 33(1), 18-20.

Hua, V. (2011). Redefining the security wall THE Journal, 38(7), 36-38.

Johnston, J.J. (2009). Technological turf wars: A case study of the computer antivirus industry.

Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Therefore it has been suggested that it always preferable to not only pay a subscription to update software currently installed on the system, but to also install the latest software wherever a new version is released (Andrew, 2005).
All programs which are employed should be regularly updated to ensure that they are kept current, and should be run as often as possible to ensure that any threat present within the network does not embed itself too deeply, making it more difficult to detect and remove. If available, all possible auto-protect features should be enabled within the network, allowing the system to update itself automatically on a regular basis, and reducing the risk of malware infiltrating the network.

It is also recommended that frequent checks are performed for security patches and updates which are offered by Microsoft for Windows users, or by the manufacturers of other operating systems. Although enabling auto-protect and…...

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References

Andrew, a.M. (2005) Cybernetics and systems on the web: internet newsletters. Kybermetes, Vol 34, No 7/8, pp. 1278-1281.

Commtouch: Malware Writers' Tactics Evolving" (2007) eWeek, May 2, 2007. Retrieved September 7, 2007, at  http://find.galegroup.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/itx/start.do?prodId=CDB .

Hsu, F., Chen, H., Ristenpart, T., Li, J. And Su, Z. (2006) Back to the future: A framework for automatic malware removal and system repair. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC '06).

Rice, J. And Martin, N. (2007) Using biological models to improve innovation systems: The case of computer anti-viral software. European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol 10, No 2, pp. 201-214.

XYZ Company
Tasking

The plan for processing the potential crime/incident scene depends upon maintaining the integrity of the scene as well as the integrity of the data. That means the first step is to prevent the scene from contamination. Preparing for the search is an important step, therefore, in this process.

The team should have the legal authority to proceed with the seizure of evidence and this should be shown upon arrival. Likewise, the team should use safety equipment when arriving on the scene to ensure that nothing is jeopardized (U.S. Department of Justice, 2008).

To prepare for the search, the team will first document the condition and state of the scene. Before anything is moved, the team should photograph and record screen info of all the workstations involved. It is important to assess the current state of the system before any investigative work is begun. Computers should remain on if they have not…...

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References

Jakobsson, M., Juels, A. (2010). Server-Side Detection of Malware Infection. NSPW.

Retrieved from  http://nspw.org/papers/2009/nspw2009-jakobsson.pdf 

LaChapelle, C. (2014). Disaster recovery options for smaller companies.

NetworkWorld. Retrieved from  http://www.networkworld.com/article/2174112/tech-primers/disaster-recovery-options-for-smaller-companies.html

Cyber Intelligence ReportExecutive SummaryIn 2017, a new cyber threat actor called Webworm began targeting government networks in Asia with customized malware. To date, the group has attacked networks in Russia, Mongolia, and several other countries in the region. The industries targeted include energy, IT services, and aerospace. Webworm's ultimate goal is to take control of networks, steal information, or gain access to computers. This is a significant problem for the affected countries because it exposes them to potentially malicious software. One possible solution is for these countries to rethink their use of vulnerable Windows-based systems and move to more secure operating systems. This would help to mitigate the risk posed by Webworm and other cyber threat actors.ActorWebworm is a threat actor who has been active since 2017, particularly among Asian countries.TargetsWebworm has primarily targeted Asian governments, agencies and industries, from IT services industries to aerospace and electric power plants everywhere…...

Iranian HackersGoogle Uncovers Tool Used by Iranian Hackers to Steal Data from Email Accountshttps://thehackernews.com/2022/08/google-uncovers-tool-used-by-iranian.htmlIn December 2021, Google alerted end-users with Gmail, Yahoo! and Outlook accounts that an Iranian-backed group known as Charming Kitten had used malware HYPERSCRAPE to hack accounts and retrieve user information. The threat is significant because it allows the Iranian group to eavesdrop and obtain sensitive data for the Iranian government. End-users need to re-secure their accounts and avoid exposure to malware by not clicking links.Legend: Who, What, When, Where, Why, How, So What?!, possible SolutionWho: Charming Kitten (prolific advanced persistent threat) originating from IranWhat: criminal cyber attack via malwareWhen: December 2021Where: Gmail, Yahoo!, and Outlook accountsWhy: retrieve user dataHow: HYPERSCRAPE, a highly sophisticated malwareSo What?!: cyber threat actors can gain access to sensitive information and eavesdrop on conversationsPossible Solution(s): re-secure accounts and notify end-users of how to avoid exposure to malware...

Malware Incident esponse Plan
The Policy

This plan is devised to mitigate the effects of malware used during a cyber-attack on a company's security system. The plan uses three levels of staging -- set up, response and recovery. This plan is based on evidence from research that has been conducted to protect the highest levels of secure documents.

Set Up

The first priority of the plan is to educate all levels of the company regarding the danger incurred from breaching security protocols on their work stations. Whereas it may only seem necessary to conduct in-depth training with individuals new to the company, it has been shown that executives are the most lax when it comes to cyber security. Therefore, a training schedule which updates users regarding any new information and reminds them regarding what they need to be doing every day to protect the overall system is essential. This training will recur in…...

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References

Choo, K.-K. R. (2011). Cyber threat landscape faced by financial and insurance industry. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 408, 1-16.

Glennon, M.J. (2012). State - level cyber-security. Policy Review, 171, 85-105.

Lanz, J. (2012). Protecting privacy. Journal of Accountancy, 214(2), 22-23.

Schwalb, M. (2006). Exploit derivatives & national security. Yale Journal of Law & Technology, 9, 62-106.

Metrics, Implementation, and Enforcement (Security Governance)
How can you determine whether there has been a malware outbreak?

The threat situation today has become more dangerous than in the past. Security and safety threats have been increasing in an alarming rate; there are more than 70,000 brand new bits of malware recognized daily. Well-funded cybercriminals have been currently making advanced malware that has been made to bypass present security options by launching prior to the operating-system and then evading antivirus defence (Mitre, 2012). Consequently, danger vulnerability has hit unprecedented degrees that need a brand new method of security and safety. With built-in security and safety options from McAfee as well as Intel, one might gain an additional layer of safety that is effective aside from the operating-system to avoid attacks instantly whilst successfully managing security over to a system of endpoints. These revolutionary options gather world-class processor chip technologies from Intel and major…...

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References

McAfee Labs (Q1 2012).

Intel IT Centre. (2012). Planning Guide: Preventing Stealthy Threats with Next-Generation Endpoint Security -- A Proactive Approach from Intel and McAfee. Intel IT and McAfee.

Mitre. (2012). Standardizing Cyber Threat Intelligence Information with the Structured Threat Information eXpression (STIX). Mitre Corporation.

Jones, D.R. (2011). Managing Cyber Threats Risk Management & Insurance Solutions. Roach Smith and Howard Burton.

This piece of information revealed that the malware program had infected resulted in heavy damage for the Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities. The program became the very first of its kind as there had never been any cyber attacks that lead to a computer program resulting in physical damage to mechanical systems on a large scale basis as was the desired attacked of the program. Additionally, the malware program also infected the local household and office computer systems throughout the country of Iran. This caused damage on a very large scale to the Iranian nation and its people.
Nobody has come out to claim the creation of the Stuxnet and neither the actual intentions of the attackers have surfaced. ut the attack revealed that the attackers intended to either sabotage or espionage the nuclear enrichment process being conducted by the Iranians. The complexity and intricacy to become such a damaging malware…...

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Bibliography

Farwell, John P., and Rafal Rohozinski. "Stuxnet and the Future of Cyber War." Survival (Vol.53, No. 1), 2011: 23-40.

Kellogg, Amy. "Iran is Recruiting Hacker Warriors for its Cyber Army to Fight 'Enemies'." Fox News. March 14, 2011.  http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/03/14/iran-recruiting-hacker-warriors-cyber-army/ .

Yong, William, and Robert F. Worth. "Bombing Hit Atomic Experts in Iran Streets." The New York Times. November 29, 2010.  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/world/middleeast/30tehran.html?_r=3&hp& ;.

To offer an information security awareness training curriculum framework to promote consistency across government (15).

Security awareness is needed to ensure the overall security of the information infrastructure. Security awareness programs is the can help organizations communicate their security information policies, as well as tips for users, to help keep systems secure, and the practices the entire organization should be utilizing. However, as Kolb and Abdullah reiterate, "security awareness is not about training but rather designed to change employee behavior" (105).

A program concerning security awareness should work in conjunction with the information technology software and hardware JCS utilizes. In this way, it mitigates the risks and threats to the organization. Security awareness is a defensive layer to the information system's overall security structure. Although not a training program, per se, security awareness does provide education to the end users at JCS, regarding the information security threats the organization faces, and the…...

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References

"An Introduction to Computer Security: The NIST Handbook." National Institute of Standards and Technology, SP 800-12, (Oct 1995). Web. 24 Oct 2010.

Anti-virus Guidelines. The SANS Institute, 2006. Web. 24 Oct, 2010.

Culnan, M., Foxman, E., & Ray, A. "Why IT Executives Should Help Employees Secure their Home Computers." MIS Quarterly Executive 7.1 (2008): 49-56. Print.

Desktop Security Policies. The SANS Institute, 2006. Web. 24 Oct, 2010.

Chief Security Officer:
As the Chief Security Officer for a local University, my main role is establishing and maintaining an enterprise wide information security program that helps to ensure all data and information assets are not compromised. This process involves developing a plan to conduct a security program that prevent computer crimes, establishes a procedure for investigation, and outlines laws that are applicable for potential offenders. To develop an effective plan, the process would involve identifying recent computer attacks or other offenses that have been carried out against higher educational institutions and processes established by these institutions to prevent the recurrence of the crimes. In addition, procedures, methodologies, and technologies that could be bought to lessen computer crime threats and effective laws for convicting offenders will also be examined. The other parts of the process include identifying computer crime fighting government programs and the types and costs of computer forensics technology…...

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References:

"Data Security Breach at Ferris State University." (2013, August 16). Local. CBS Local Media.

Retrieved December 16, 2013, from  http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2013/08/16/data-security-breach-at-ferris-state-university/ 

Easttom, C. & Taylor, J. (2011). Computer crime, investigation, and the law (1st ed.). Stamford,

CT: Cengage Learning.

Liberation vs. Control in Cyberspace
Deibertt, Ronald & Rafal Rohozinski. "Liberation vs. control: The future of cyberspace."

Journal of Democracy, 21.4 (2010): 43-56

The Internet is a paradox. On one hand, You Tube and Twitter have been widely credited with creating a more open and liberated world, and giving rise to the Arab Spring and other global pro-democracy movements. Yet while the Internet facilitates communication, it also allows for a greater degree of control of ideas through surveillance. "Even in democratic countries, surveillance systems penetrate every aspect of life, as people implicitly (and perhaps unwittingly) consent to the greatest invasion of personal privacy in history" (Deibertt & Rohozinski 2010: 44). What is unique about the Internet is the degree to which people are complicit in sharing information, enabling themselves to be observed, not its 'liberated' aspects: users are completely unaware of the degree to which they are laying their lives bare for all…...

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Groups that have good intentions are often unaware of that websites can be used to propagate social malware attacks, and have few controls to prevent such abuses. "The advocacy group Reporters Without Borders unknowingly propagated a link to a malicious website posing as a Facebook petition to release the Tibetan activist Dhondup Wangchen" (Deibert & Rohozinski 2010: 54). Using the screen of a reputable group or even a government website can be a convenient screen for a hacker.

A nuanced understanding

The Internet is not inherently good or bad nor is it essentially 'free' by its very nature. Those who would behave in a coercive manner, whether criminals, governments, or corporations, can use the Internet just as easily to engage in surveillance and stifle freedom as it is for advocates of democracy to use it as a vehicle for liberation. The Internet is much more highly regulated than would appear on the surface, and one of its great dangers, in contrast to other forms of speech, is that users are not always aware of how and if they are being controlled, and by whom (Deibert & Rohozinski 2010: 56).

"
Analysis of esults:

The Disk Cleanup Tool should be part of normal maintenance on computers. The buildup of obsolete files overtime can cause degradation of your computer. After running disk clean up unneeded files were deleted which gave improved system performance.

Troubleshooting Tool 3: Virus scans

Tool Overview:

Having an up-to-date anti-virus software is an integral part of keeping your computer running smoothly. Simple steps should be taken to ensure your anti-virus is running properly. Ensure definitions are up-to-date by running live update regularly and have scheduled virus scans.

Tool Usage:

The following steps overview how to use Symantec Endpoint Protection:

1. Select Start (All Programs (Symantec Endpoint Protection (Symantec Endpoint Protection.

2. The status of "Your computer is protected." Should be displayed. If it is not, take the listed actions on screen to turn on protection. Select the "Live Update" button on the left-side of the screen.

3. Live Update will run and update virus definitions. When complete…...

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References

Anonymous. (August 3, 2011). How to make a computer faster: 6 ways to speed up your PC. Retrieved from http://www.microsoft.com/atwork/maintenance/speed.aspx

Broida, Rick. (April 15, 2009). Disable Vista's Scheduled Disk-Defragmenting. Retrieved  http://www.pcworld.com/article/163215/disable_vistas_scheduled_diskdefragmenting.html 

Mitchell, Bradley. (May 13, 2010). Can't Connect to the Internet? Retrieved from  http://compnetworking.about.com/od/internetaccessbestuses/tp/fixing-cant-connect-to-internet-problems.htm 

O'Donnell, Bob. (January 1, 2005). PC Hardware Troubleshooting Tips. Retrieved from  http://www.everythingcomputers.com/pc_hardware_trouble.htm

Security: Mobile Protection As the Internet has become the dominant means of communicating, sharing information, tending to business, storing data, and maintaining records in the Digital Age, the importance of security for the digital world has become more and more realized (Zhang et al., 2017). Not only do companies have to invest in digital security in order to safeguard against threats and risks such as hacking or malware, but individuals also have to be cognizant of the threats to their personal information and property now that all things are online. This is particularly important for people to consider given that so many individuals today carry around pocket computers in the form of a mobile phone—an iPhone, a smart phone, a tablet, an iPad—all of these devices require mobile protection as they can link up to and connect to the Internet wherever one goes (so long as one is within range of…...

To help make the internet safer, we can take the following measures:

1. Strengthen password security:
- Use strong and unique passwords for each online account.
- Consider using a password manager to securely store and generate passwords.
- Enable two-factor authentication whenever possible.

2. Educate users about phishing and malware:
- Raise awareness about common phishing techniques and the importance of not clicking on suspicious links or opening attachments from unknown sources.
- Promote the use of reliable antivirus software and regularly update it.

3. Encourage responsible online behavior:
- Teach users about the potential consequences of sharing personal information online.
-....

Refined Thesis Statement:

The multi-layered security protocols employed by modern online banking platforms, combined with robust user awareness and vigilance, effectively safeguard financial transactions, mitigating cyber threats and ensuring the integrity of online financial services.

Supporting Arguments:

Multi-Layered Security Protocols:

Strong Authentication: Two-factor authentication (2FA) and biometrics provide an additional layer of protection by requiring multiple forms of authentication.
Encryption: Advanced encryption algorithms ensure that data is securely transmitted and stored, protecting against eavesdropping and data breaches.
Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs): These systems monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and block unauthorized access.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS): Encrypts....

Cyber hackers exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems in various ways to gain unauthorized access, including:

1. Exploiting software vulnerabilities: Hackers can target software weaknesses (such as bugs or security flaws) to gain access to a system. They may deploy malware or use techniques like buffer overflows to exploit these vulnerabilities.

2. Phishing attacks: Hackers often use phishing emails or fake websites to trick users into providing sensitive information like login credentials. Once hackers obtain this information, they can use it to access the system.

3. Social engineering: Hackers may use social engineering techniques to manipulate people into providing access to a system. This....

There are several steps individuals can take to protect themselves from falling victim to cyber crime:

1. Keep software and operating systems up to date: Regularly updating software and operating systems helps to patch security vulnerabilities that cyber criminals could exploit.

2. Use strong, unique passwords: Create strong passwords that are difficult to guess and use a different password for each online account. Consider using a password manager to securely store and manage passwords.

3. Enable two-factor authentication: Two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification, such as a one-time code sent to your phone, in....