MALTEATMENT OF CHILDENMaltreatment of ChildrenIn the present write-up, Erin highlights that those with disabilities do not receive treatment owing to overcrowding in asylums. According to Hibbard and Desch (2007), children with disabilities are more prone to neglect and abuse than children with no disabilities. Conditions associated with disability are inclusive of, but they are not limited to; behavioral problems, physical disability, visual impairment, emotional disturbance, and mental retardation. These are in some scenarios not reported (or are underreported), leading to maltreatment. To avoid the said form of discrimination, Erin notes that there would be need to focus on education i.e. in relation to ensuring that education is offered to all.It would also be prudent to note that the causes of neglect and abuse in children with disabilities happen to be similar to the causes of neglect among children. Therefore, interventions for maltreatment should involve all children, as Erin points…...

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ReferencesHibbard, R. A. & Desch, L. W. (2007). Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities. Pediatrics, 119(5), 1018-25. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0565.PMID: 17473105.

Christina, a 5-year-old girl, was sexually assaulted by a neighbor who was arrested and convicted of the offense. Christina cannot yet write and is too frightened to speak in an open courtroom. What measures, if any, might be devised to encourage and/or facilitate Christina's participation in the preparation and/or delivery of a victim impact statement? In framing your response, be certain to cite relevant materials from multiple Modules.
I am uncomfortable answering this question because I am not certain that having a five-year-old victim participating in the preparation or delivery of a victim impact statement is even remotely appropriate, even if that child is not required to speak in open court in order to do so. I feel that having a 5-year-old participate in creating a victim impact statement, which, at least theoretically, will impact the sentencing of the offender. If the sentence is not sufficiently long, I have serious…...

Child and Adolescent Maltreatment Child and Adolescent MaltreatmentAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are the violence, abuse, growing up in a family with mental health issues, or the influence of drug abuse that some children experience in today\\\'s world. Therefore, children in such an environment might develop toxic stress, which might change their brain development, thus affecting how their bodies respond to stress (Counseling, 2022). Also, prolonged exposure to such an environment inflect the child\\\'s body with stress hormones, which is dangerous to their health. It might increase their risk of health problems like heart disease, diabetes, or depression.Even though unaddressed maltreatment in childhood can lead to devastating impacts as they develop, their brain has a great deal of plasticity, meaning they can heal faster. Therefore professional counselors working with children and adolescent teenagers should expose children to a healthy and happy environment. Since children\\\'s brains are still developing, they should have…...

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ReferencesCounseling, C. (2022). Our Fighting ACEs Approach - Center for Child Counseling. Center for Child Counseling. Retrieved 8 June 2022, from   D., Mirabal, A., & McCall, J. (2021). Child Abuse and Neglect. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 8 June 2022, from  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459146/#:~:text=The%20World%20Health%20Organization%20(WHO)%20defines%20child%20maltreatment%20as%20%E2%80%9C,abuse%3A%20neglect%2C%20physical%20abuse%2C .Gruhn, M., & Compas, B. (2020). Effects of maltreatment on coping and emotion regulation in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Child Abuse &Amp; Neglect, 103, 104446.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104446https://www.centerforchildcounseling.org/programs/fightingaces/ .Gonzalez,

5. There were 2,340 deaths attributed to IPV in 2007 (70% female; 30% male).

Describe the relevance and application of this information to criminal justice professionals.

Despite an increasing amount of research into intimate partner violence, no single theoretical approach has been offered that can explain it (Begun, 1999). The research to date indicates that there is an inextricable relationship between intimate partner violence and problems with stress, depression, or substance abuse (Anderson, 2002).As also noted by the CDC, IPV exists along a "violence continuum" that includes "abusive behaviors that occur within intimate partnerships, such as controlling choices and resources, humiliation and denigration, harassment, stalking, coercion, and so forth" (Begun, 1999, p. 239). This means that intimate partner violence would be of particular interest to criminal justice professionals since early detection and interventions are required in order to prevent an escalation in the level and types of violence that is involved. Unfortunately,…...

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References

Adler, L.L. & Denmark, F.L. (1999). Violence and the prevention of violence. Westport, CT:

Praeger.

Anderson, K.L. (2002). Perpetrator or victim? Relationships between intimate partner violence and well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(4), 851-852.

Begun, A.L. (1999). Intimate partner violence: An HBSE perspective. Journal of Social Work

The victim is often put into situations where they are physically deprived of the things they need to make appropriate decisions. For instance they may be deprived of sleep or food so that they can be more easily manipulated. Mental abuse may also involve teasing or name calling. In many cases the perpetrator is very aware of the victim's weaknesses and uses them to humiliate or subjugate the victim.
Sexual Abuse

The sexual abuse of children is increasing throughout the world and has increased drastically in recent years. Sexual abuse can include the molestation and/or rape of a child. In many cases children are sexually abused by someone that they know, rather it be a neighbor, a parent or an acquaintance. Sexual abuse can also have lasting effects on the psyche of an individual. Studies have found that children who experience sexual abuse are more likely to become promiscuous as teenagers…...

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References

Bolen, Rebecca M. 2003. Child Sexual Abuse: Prevention or Promotion?. Social Work 48, no. 2: 174+.

Cochrane, John, Gaynor Melville, and Ian Marsh. 2004. Criminal Justice: An Introduction to Philosophies, Theories and Practice. London: Routledge. Book online.

Child Abuse. National Institutes of Health. Available at  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childabuse.html 

Child Abuse Statistics. Available at http://www.childhelp.org/resources/learning-center/statistics.Internet

By the 1970s most states had mandatory child abuse reporting laws. These laws aimed at identifying abused children and setting in motion legal procedures to investigate the child's situation and either to provide services for them in their own home or to remove them from their home and place them in a safer environment (Melli, 1998).
Historically, the laws and regulations of the present are the children and grandchildren of the laws that were pioneered in the 1960s and 1970s. Certainly, experience makes any process better and smoother, but essentially, the system of three to four decades ago would have been very similar to today. hat would not have percolated down to teachers, principals and other team personnel yet would have been the knowledge of the new legal system and how to function in it. This uncertainty would have undoubtedly have slowed the intervention as wary professionals move cautiously, balancing…...

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Works Cited

Crosson-Tower, Cynthia. (2010). Understanding child abuse and neglect. 8th ed. Upper

Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall.

Educators' role in child abuse and neglect prevention. (2010). Retrieved 30 July 2010

from  http://www.enotalone.com/article/9974.html

Step 3: Discuss the Precipitating Event

After relationship is recognized, the emphasis goes to the family insights of the condition, the sequence of proceedings leading up to the predicament, and the issue that started out the sequence of events (Graham-Bermann, S.A., 2002). Consultations inspect when and how the disaster happened, the causal conditions, and how the family endeavored to covenant with it.

Step 4: Assess Strengths and Needs

The Family valuation of strengths and needs start right after and the goes on throughout crisis intervention. The crisis worker will start to draws conclusions that will regard the family's needs and strengths that are related to the present disaster and, with the family, assesses the prospective for recovery (Edleson, J.L.,1999). Client strong suit are tapped in order to make self-esteem better, while also providing skills and energy that is for problem-solving.

Step 5: Formulate a Dynamic Explanation

This next step really does looks for an explaining…...

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REFERENCES

Appel, a.E., & Holden, G.W. (1998). The co-occurrence of spouse and physical child abuse: A review and appraisal. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 578-599.

Babcock, J.C., Green, C.E., & Robie, C. (2004). Does batterer's treatment work? A meta-analytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1023-1053.

Beeman, S.K., Hagemeister, a.K., & Edleson, J.L. (1999). Child protection and battered women's services: From conflict to collaboration. Child Maltreatment, 4, 116-126.

Bragg, H.L. (2003). Child protection in families experiencing domestic violence. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved October 3, 2005, from http://nccanch.acf.hhs.gov/profess/tools/usermanual.cfm

232).
eferences

Ashley, O.S., Brady, T.M., & Marsden, M.E. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(1), 19.

Bradley, .H., & Corwyn, .F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual eview of Psychology, 371.

Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(1), 27.

Dodds, T.L. (2006). Defending America's children: How the current system gets it wrong. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 29(2), 719.

Eisler, . (2000). Tomorrow's children: A blueprint for partnership education in the 21st century. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Garcia, P., & Holt, C.B. (2005, December). Preparing teachers for children in poverty: The Nashville District picks up the mantle for qualified instruction in high-needs schools. School Administrator, 62(11), 22.

Gilbert, N. (1997). Combating child abuse: International perspectives and trends. New York: Oxford University Press.

Harris-Looby, J., oberts, C., & Wolman, C.…...

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References

Ashley, O.S., Brady, T.M., & Marsden, M.E. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(1), 19.

Bradley, R.H., & Corwyn, R.F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 371.

Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(1), 27.

Dodds, T.L. (2006). Defending America's children: How the current system gets it wrong. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 29(2), 719.

Abusive Supervision and Moral Exclusion Theory
Abusive Supervision

Abusive Supervision through the Lens of Moral Exclusion Theory

Abusive Supervision through the Lens of Moral Exclusion Theory

Abusive supervisor practices have captured the attention of psychologists interested in understanding what factors determine workplace bias. Such practices can range from simple rudeness to outright criminal acts that violate basic human rights. In their research paper, Tepper and colleagues (2011) examine this issue through the lens of moral exclusion theory as defined by Opotow (1990, 2006). This essay will analyze their research findings and provide a critique on the value of these findings to society.

Moral Exclusion in the Workplace

The boundaries of moral exclusion in the workplace, as in other social situations, define the 'scope of justice' (Opotow, 2006). For example, Jim Crow laws instituted after the end of econstruction in the South defined an 'in' and 'out' group at the expense of the out-group. When moral exclusion…...

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References

Opotow, Susan. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 1-20.

Opotow, Susan. (2006). Seeking inclusion and pluralism: Two exploratory studies. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 12(4), 349-366.

Passini, Stefano. (2010). Moral reasoning in a multicultural society: Moral inclusion and moral exclusion. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 40(4), 435-451.

Tepper, Bennett J., Moss, Sherry E., and Duffy, Michelle K. (2011). Predictors of abusive supervision: Supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict, and subordinate performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 279-294.

.....abuse and/or neglect of children and the elderly is a major issue in the American criminal justice system because of increased prevalence of such cases. However, getting accurate information regarding the extent of child and elder abuse is increasingly challenging in the United States. Some of the major issues contributing to this problem include the fact that most child and elder abuse cases are not reported, misreporting of these cases, seeming inability of victims to report the cases, and the fact that most perpetrators are caregivers. Children and senior adults are more likely to be victims of abuse, neglect or maltreatment because of lesser physical and mental capabilities, dependence on caregivers, and tendency to trust easily. The likelihood of vulnerable children and the elderly to fall victims to abuse can be decreased through establishing suitable prevention and intervention measures that effectively identify and deal with risk factors and improve reporting…...

The second includes verbal and emotional assaults including persistent patterns of belittling, denigrating, scapegoating, and other nonphysical, but clearly hostile or rejecting behaviors, such as repeated threats of beatings, sexual assault, and abandonment. The third, residual, category includes other forms of emotional abuse such as attempted sexual or physical assaults; throwing something at a child but missing; withholding shelter, sleep, or other necessities as punishment, and economic exploitation (p.11).
According to ighthand, Kerr, and Drach (2003), psychological abuse can be technically defined as:

1. Verbal or emotional assault, exemplified by persistent patterns of belittling, denigrating, scapegoating, or other nonphysical but rejecting, hostile, and degrading behaviors.

2. Terrorizing the child, exemplified by threatening to physically hurt, kill, or abandon the child, or by exposing the child to chronic or extreme partner abuse or other forms of violent behaviors.

3. Exploiting or corrupting the child, exemplified by modeling criminal or antisocial behavior; encouraging and condoning…...

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References

Barnett, D., Manly, J.T., and Cicchetti, D. (1994). Defining child maltreatment: the interface between policy and research. Child abuse, child development, and social policy: advances in applied developmental psychology, 8,7-73. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Calam, R. & Franchi, C. (1987). Child abuse and its consequences. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Grapes, B.J. (2001). Child abuse. California: Greenhaven Press.

Parton, N. (1979). The natural history of child abuse: a study in social problem definition. British Journal of Social Work, 9, 427-51.

Life Scenario -- Decision to Divorce
Lot of Life Scenario

Setting the Scene

Dear Maria,

Because you and I have always been so close, I wanted to let you know about an impending event in our family's lives. Because of our past conversations, you are aware that Mario and I have had many disagreements about how to raise Dominic. The situation has not improved much, although I know that Mario is trying to be a better parent. But I can no longer ignore the impact that Mario's interactions with Nicky are having. Mario continually loses his temper with Nicky and is now swatting Nicky on the head, in addition to smacking him on his bottom. Nicky now flinches whenever Mario comes near him.

Your brother is usually on his best behavior when his family or when friends are around, but I know you have seen Mario lose his temper with Nicky and with me…...

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References

Chang, J.J., Theordore, A.D., Martin, S.L. And Runyan, D.K. (2008 August). Psychological abuse between parents: associations with child maltreatment from a population-based sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(8), 819-929. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.11.003. Retrieved  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752849 

Gerlock, A.A. (2004). Domestic violence and post-traumatic stress disorder severity for participants of a domestic violence rehabilitation program. Retreived  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200406/ai_n 

Martin, S.L., Gibbs, D.A., Johnson, R.E., Clinton-Sherrod, M., Walters, J.L., and Sullivan, K. (2009). Male soldier family violence offenders: spouse and child offenders compared to child offenders. Violence and Victims, 24(4), 458-68. Retrieved  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19694351 

Newton, C.J. (2001, April). Child Abuse: An Overview" Mental Health Journal. Find.Counseling.com. Retrieved  http://www.findcounseling.com/journal/child-abuse/emotional-abuse.html

Traditional Model vs. Community ModelIntroductionChild Protective Services (CPS) has long played an important role in the safeguarding of vulnerable children by providing intervention services in cases of abuse and neglect. Traditionally, this system has operated on a reactive model, where welfare workers respond to allegations most often after harm to the child has already occurred. Of course, this approach has undeniably saved countless children, but it is not without its limitations. In Florida, as in many parts of the nation, there has been a growing realization that the traditional model may not be the best possible model for addressing the challenges of child protection, including the prevention of serious harm before it occurs. This paper looks at the limitations of the traditional CPS model and examines the positive potential of community partnerships. It shows that with the help of the communitys collective strength, there is a chance to reimagine child…...

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ReferencesDaro, D., & Dodge, K. A. (2009). Creating community responsibility for child protection: Possibilities and challenges. Future of Children, 19(2), 67-93.Dettlaff, A. J., Rivaux, S. L., Baumann, D. J., Fluke, J. D., Rycraft, J. R., & James, J. (2011). Disentangling substantiation: The influence of race, income, and risk on the substantiation decision in child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(9), 1630-1637.Dolan, P., Canavan, J., & Pinkerton, J. (2011). Family support as reflective practice. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Font, S. A. (2015). Is higher placement stability in kinship foster care by virtue or design? Child Abuse & Neglect, 42, 99-111.Kemp, S. P., Marcenko, M. O., Hoagwood, K., & Vesneski, W. (2009). Engaging parents in child welfare services: Bridging family needs and child welfare mandates. Child Welfare, 88(1), 101-126.Koroloff, N. M., Elliott, D. J., Koren, P. E., & Friesen, B. J. (1996). Linking low-income families to children\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s mental health services: An outcome study. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4(1), 2-11.Maguire-Jack, K., & Font, S. A. (2017). Community and individual risk factors for physical child abuse and child neglect: Variations by poverty status. Child Maltreatment, 22(3), 215-226.Munro, E. (2011). The Munro review of child protection: Final report, a child-centred system. Department for Education.Pelton, L. H. (2015). The continuing role of material factors in child maltreatment and placement. Child Abuse & Neglect, 41, 30-39.Simon, J. D., Gandarilla Ocampo, M., Drake, B., & Jonson-Reid, M. (2022). A review of screened-out families and child protective services involvement: A missed opportunity to prevent future maltreatment with community-based services. Child maltreatment, 27(4), 693-706.

MFT: Psychology of Violence
Types of Abuse Inflicted on Spouses

There are various forms of spousal abuse, but the legal definition of the term is, reckless or deliberate infliction of emotional or physical injury on one's spouse. Spousal abuse penalties and charges are dependent upon whether serious physical damage was inflicted on the spouse, whether the abuse events have been occurring continually, and abuse history of the offender. While domestic violence and spousal abuse are similar, the former incorporates other kinds of relationships as well, including same-sex unions or civil partnership. Spousal abuse can lead to devastating emotional damage as it typically entails spousal domination by means of violence, verbal abuse, intimidation, or threats of bodily maltreatment, causing intense terror, hopelessness, and powerlessness in the other spouse (Attorney, 2015).

Physical

An individual is said to be physically abused if he/she suffers deliberate bodily hurt at the hands of another; physical abuse is normally witnessed…...

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References

Albrecht, S. (2012, July 27). Do Domestic Violence Restraining Orders Ever Really Work? Retrieved from psychologytoday: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-act-violence/201207/do-domestic-violence-restraining-orders-ever-really-work

Attorney. (2015). Spousal Abuse Charges and Penalties. Retrieved from Attorney:  http://www.attorneys.com/domestic-violence/spousal-abuse-charges-and-penalties/ 

Bancroft, L. (2002). Why does he do that? New York: Berkley.

Benitez, C. T., McNiel, D. E., & Binder, R. L. (2010). Do Protection Orders Protect? J Am Acad Psychiatry Law, 38(3), 376-385. Retrieved Novemeber 8, 2015, from  http://www.jaapl.org/content/38/3/376.full

hile many articles tend to deal with the fact that victims of child abuse tend to become abusers, I wanted to go in another direction, looking at how child abuse can actually affect the life of the abused. In order to consider this, I contemplated Belik et al.'s study, "Relation Between Traumatic Events and Suicide Attempts in Canadian Military Personnel." In this article, the authors' purpose wanted to "determine whether exposure to particular types of traumatic events was associated with suicide attempts in a representatives ample of active military personnel" (Beilik et al. 93). In order to test the connection between certain traumatic events and suicide attempts, the authors drew data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, which asked respondents to mark whether they had been victims of 28 different traumatic events during their lives. One of these events was child abuse. The survey was representative of such variables…...

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Works Cited

Belik, S., Stein, M.B., Amudson, G. JG., and Sareen, J. "Relation Between Traumatic

Events and Suicide Attempts in Canadian Military Personnel." La Revue canadienne de psychiatre. 54.2. (2009): 93-104.

Kim, Min Jung. Tajima, Emiko A., Herrenkohn, Todd I., and Huang, Bu. "Early Child

Maltreatment, Runaway Youths, and Risk of Delinquency and Victimization in Adolescence: A Mediational Model." Social Work Research. 13.1 (2009): 19-28.

The topic of violence is a broad one because violence is persuasive in our society, there are competing theories about the causes of violence, and violence begins to impact people at a very young age.  According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, there are eight types of violence children may be exposed to or experience: bullying, child maltreatment, community violence, domestic and intimate partner violence, school violence, sexual abuse and sexual violence, sex trafficking, and teen dating violence. These different types of violence not only impact children, but also adults in the community,....