As a result, Adagio ma non-troppo feels calmer and more relaxing, and imparts a soft, almost tranquil aura on the listener with the occasional moment of tension around the six-minute mark of the seven and a half-minute movement, when long pauses in the music are introduced. In fact, the last minute and a half of the second movement of the String Quartet develops a different theme from the beginning of that movement. During the first few minutes of the second movement the cello is absent, and around the four-minute mark of the movement, the higher stringed instruments solo once more. The last minute an a half serve as an overall resolution to the piece, but do not significantly alter its general monothematic feeling. Some staccato strings indicate a definite ending to the movement.
The third movement of the String Quartet (Scherzo: Allegro), incorporates counterpoint and is the piece's most dramatic…...
mlaWorks Cited
Ludwig van Beethoven Information." Searchspaniel.com http://searchspaniel.com/index.php/Ludwig_van_Beethoven.
String Quartet Information." Searchspaniel.com http://searchspaniel.com/index.php/String_quartet.
The originality that this enabled -- or rather the complete state of non-hindrance that this created for the originality that existed in Beethoven already -- is the other major source for Beethoven's influence. That is, the innovation that Beethoven created all but necessitated the composer's inordinate influence on the trajectory of Western music; his sound was at once rooted in the technicalities and tones of the last generation of masters, many of whom were Beethoven's instructors, and evocative of the social and industrial revolutions that were occurring throughout Beethoven's lifetime. His harmonies, discords, and turbulence changed the shape of music forever.
There are certainly some scenes of wild passion in music that existed prior to Beethoven, but especially in the generally accepted canon of Western classical music these examples are rather tame in comparison to Beethoven's own work. There is a great deal of restraint, polish, and refinement in the music…...
mlaReferences
Lane, W. (2006). Beethoven: The Immortal. Accessed 22 May 2010. http://www.lucare.com/immortal/index.html
Beethoven's 9th
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is a symphonic-choral blend that revolutionized the way composers approached their work in the 19th century. It prepared the way for future artists like agner and set the tone for the Romantic spring of classical music composition. Its ideological foundation is rooted in the Romantic "Ode to Joy" poem of Friedrich Schiller, penned in 1785 in celebration of the poet's sense-feeling of the universal fraternity of mankind. Fraternity was a notion much in vogue at the time (the French Revolution adopted it as one of its mantras), but Beethoven takes Schiller's idea and elevates in an almost spiritual way, delivering sections of the "Ode" in choral form in the final movement of the Ninth Symphony. But before getting there, Beethoven develops massive musical themes that explore that nature and impulse of humankind's mind and heart. This paper will provide a biography of Beethoven, a history of…...
mlaWorks Cited
Cook, Nicholas. Beethoven's Ninth. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Levy, David. Beethoven: The Ninth Symphony. CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
Solomon, Maynard. Beethoven. NY: Shirmer Books, 1997.
e. "The Public Beethoven" and "The Private Beethoven.") Rather than integrating both facets of Beethoven the person and Beethoven the artist, as Jones does in his biography, Geck wishes to show us the two different sides of Beethoven through a sort of dichotomous split. The result makes for a rather dense, at times tedious read. Jones's skillful integration of the two facets of Beethoven's life seems to flow on a much more natural narrative level.
One of the characteristics that distinguish each of the biographies is their brevity. Unlike more definitive biographical studies, which tend to number into the late hundreds or even thousands in page count, both Jones and Geck manage to condense Beethoven's life to less than two hundred pages. This brevity has both its benefits and its limitations. On the one hand, the general reader, who perhaps has an appreciation of Beethoven's music that has spurred their interest…...
mlaWorks Cited
Geck, Martin. Beethoven. London: Haus Publishing, 2003.
Jones, David Wyn. The Life of Beethoven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
The aldstein sonata is considered to be one of the notable piano sonatas that Beethoven ever composed, maybe equaled only by the Appassionata sonata. They are both part of the works between op. 50 and op. 60 that, through their content, form and proportions represent the height of Beethoven's creation" ("aldstein," All about Beethoven, 2006). The first movement entitled "Allegro con brio" opens "with repeated chords, played pianissimo. This initial straightforward, but anxious rhythm is devoid of melody for two bars. It then swiftly ascends and follows with a three-note descent in the middle register and a four-note descent in the upper. More of this teasing rhythm rumbles forward, until 45 seconds later, when the notes seem to almost stumble over themselves," into a "dolce," or sweet choral theme in E major, followed by an ending with a heavy coda ("Piano Sonata No 21," All academic dictionary, 2009).. The…...
mlaWorks Cited
Parekh, Nilesh. "Biography of Beethoven." Buzzle.com. 2005.
http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-30-2005-65025.asp
"Piano Sonata No 21." All academic dictionary. May 17, 2009.
Ludwig Van Beethoven's Symphony No. 2 in D Major
This paper will concentrate on New York Philharmonic Orchestra's execution of Ludwig Van Beethoven's Symphony No. 2 in D Major, David Geffen Hall, known in the past as Avery Fisher Hall. This arrangement was performed on April 8, 2016 in New York's City's Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts by the orchestra. The conductor for this performance piece was David Robertson.
Beethoven is seen as a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic periods of musical history. Most importantly, his work is different from those of any earlier arranger through his formation of huge, expanded architectonic structures described by the broad advancement of musical material, topics, and themes. Beethoven did this by "modulation" or "adjustment" in the sentiment of the home key, through an assortment of keys or consonant locales; a favorite technique by the deaf master (Huscher).
Foundation of Symphony No. 2…...
mlaWorks Cited
Gibbs, Christopher. Beethoven's Symphony No. 2 in D Major. 6 June 2006. Web. 27 April 2016
Huscher, Phillip. "Ludwig Van Beethoven; Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Op. 36." 2008. Web. 26 April 2016
Munteanu, Iulian. Beethoven's Symphony No. 2. 2004-2014. Web. 26 April 2016
The geniuses strained the boundaries of the characteristic styles more evidently and more quickly than those of their contemporaries to bring about such seismic changes.
orks Cited
Baroque: Style." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Classical: Style." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Baroque: Musical Context." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Classical: Musical Context." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Ludwig van Beethoven." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2007. 23 Apr 2008. http://plus.aol.com/aol/reference/Beethove/Ludwig_van_Beethoven?flv=1&ncid=fLHHQXUNeT0000000474&icid=rbox_ref_center.M
Posner, Howard. "hat is basso continuo?" Early Music FAQ. 1994. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/misc/continuo.html
Sadie, Stanley. "Baroque." The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music. New York: .. Excerpted at Classical Music Pages Homepage. Created by Matt Boynick. 1 Feb 1996. Revised 10 Oct 2000. 23 Apr 2008. http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/g_epoch_baroque.html
Sadie, Stanley. "Classical." The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music. New York: .. Norton, 1994. Excerpted at Classical Music Pages Homepage. Created by Matt Boynick. 1 Feb 1996. Revised 10 Oct 2000.…...
mlaWorks Cited
Baroque: Style." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Classical: Style." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Baroque: Musical Context." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Classical: Musical Context." The Essentials of Music. 23 Apr 2008. http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
Humanities are Important:
An analysis of the Da Vinci Code, Beethoven's 9th, and 1984.
A novel by George Orwell (pseudonym), real name Eric Blair
Published in 1949
A reaction to the totalitarian state engulfing the global community
The Da Vinci Code
A (2006) film by on Howard
Based on the novel by Dan Brown
obert Langdon follows a series of clues that link Leonardo's masterpieces, the mystery of Jesus Christ, and a totalitarian regime in the guise of the Catholic Church
Beethoven's 9th Symphony
Completed in 1824 after the composer (Ludwig van Beethoven) had gone completely deaf, this -- his final symphony -- is often considered to be one of the greatest musical masterpieces of all time. The fourth movement is based on Schiller's "Ode to Joy" and invokes a chorus of universal brotherhood. If you listen long enough, you will hear the music swell into a magnificent burst of joy based on and representative of the awesome powers…...
mlaReference List
Kyziridis, T. (2005). Notes on the History of Schizophrenia. Retrieved from http://www.gjpsy.uni-goettingen.de/gjp-article-kyziridis.pdf
Lief, R.A. (1969). Homage to Oceania: the prophetic vision of George Orwell. OH: Ohio University Press.
McLellan, J. (1988). The Beethoven Collection. NY: Time-Life Books.
Orwell, G. (1949). 1984. NY: Harcourt.
The second section, entitled Adante con moto has been described as having "a lyrical theme with a hymnal resonance, even festive" in quality which indicates a sense of hope, even in the midst of despair (Munteanu 2006). In contrast to earlier musical works, which can be analyzed purely in terms of musical structure, Beethoven's Fifth is often analyzed as a creation of Beethoven's own, unique psyche: desperate yet occasionally finding joy. It is a sprawling yet seamless whole, like his mind and life, rather than a composition of particular movements that carefully balance one another and deal with several unified themes in a structurally perfect manner.
The third section entitled simply Allegro "has a free form, neither scherzo nor intermezzo, but constitutes itself as an epilogue to the dramatism in Part I and a prologue to Part IV. This is considered to be the key moment of the entire symphony,…...
mlaWorks Cited
Munteanu, Iulian. "Beethoven 5th Symphony." All about Ludwig van Beethoven.
2006. December 1, 2009. http://www.all-about-beethoven.com/symphony5.html
Rodda, Richard. "Program note: Fifth Symphony." Qatar Philharmonic Orchestra.
The Kennedy Center. February 24, 2009. December 1, 2009.
Music
Handel
Handel's Messiah was composed in 1741. The musical period is baroque.
An oratorio is a large musical work that includes an orchestra, choir, soloists, and staging. Operas are musical theater and oratorios are exclusively concert or musical only pieces.
An aria is a melody or musical piece that is made exclusively for one voice and there is orchestral accompaniment. Arias are most commonly found in operas.
There is a kind of call and response between the lyrics and the music in Ev'ry Valley. The singer guides the music and the instruments complement and mimic what the singer does with his voice. Handel was probably considering rhythm, structure, and movement when considering the lyrics.
The texture of the refrain of the Hallelujah chorus is strong. The texture is rich and vibrant. The syllables hang in the air, especially the "ha," yet there is a definite swiftness and movement to the chorus, as exampled by the…...
mlaReferences:
No listed author. (2013). Ludwig van Beethoven. Web, Available from: 2013 March 17.http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Bio/BiographyLudwig.html .
Vickers, D. (2012). George Frideric Handel. Web, Available from: 2013 March 17.http://gfhandel.org/ .
Classicism manifested itself in the 18th century. There are five references used for this paper.
There have been a number of cultural styles over the last centuries from Baroque to Classicism to Romanticism. It is interesting to look at Classicism and determine how it manifested itself in the 18th century.
Classicism
In order to determine the 18th century's manifestation of Classicism, it is important to understand what the term means. Classicism, or Neo-Classicism is used to "characterize the culture of 18th-century Europe, and contrasted with 19th-century Romanticism (unknown, Classicism)." In "art, music, and literature, it is a style that emphasizes the qualities traditionally considered characteristic of ancient Greek and Roman art, that is, reason, balance, objectivity, restraint, and strict adherence to form (unknown, Classicism)."
Music
Ludwig van Beethoven demonstrated Classicism during the end of his life with his string quartets. Beethoven first earned the respect of the Viennese people as a virtuoso pianist.
His piano…...
mlaWorks Cited
McLellan, Joseph. Beethoven, on Balance; Ecstatic Beauty Flows Through Borromeo
String Quartet. The Washington Post. (2000): 25 May. Pp. J03.
Unknown. Antiques & Collecting: Dedicated followers of all things. Birmingham Post.
2001): 11 August. Pp. 50.
German Culture
In the music field, Germany boasts of some of the world's most renowned producers, composers and performers. Germany is the third largest music market in the world and the largest in Europe. The earliest roots of the music culture in Germany are within monastic chants and religious music. The 12th century saw the mystic abbess Hildegard who was from Bingen writing storing compositions and hymns. These were sought to be free musical expressions coming from narrow conventions. Between the 12th and 14th century, minnesingers who were wandering nobles and knights wrote and recited love poems in country version in the tradition of French trovers and troubadours. Out of the many minnesingers during that period of time, einmar Von Hagenau and Walther Von de Vogelweide were the most famous ones. Apart from the minnesingers there was also the development of a secular folk music tradition. There are collections of vagabond…...
mlaReferences
Joseph, A. (2012). Ten Reasons to love German culture: German Giants of classical Music. Retrieved September, 26 2014 from http://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/ten-reasons-to-love-german-culture-german-giants-of-classical-music-/
InterNations.org. (2014). The German Music scene. Retrieved September, 26 2014 from http://www.internations.org/germany-expats/guide/16030-culture-shopping-recreation/the-german-music-scene-16028
Countriesquest. (2009). Culture, Music. Retrieved September 26, 2014 from http://www.countriesquest.com/europe/germany/culture/music.htm
piano, including the history and use of the instrument. The piano is one of the most popular musical instruments in the world, and pianos have been in use in orchestras and in homes for hundreds of years. The first piano was created from another similar instrument, the harpsichord, and it was invented in Italy. The editors at Wikipedia note, "The invention of the modern piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731) of Padua, Italy" ("Piano"). The first piano appeared in a Medici family inventory from 1700, and their popularity grew from there, especially after another Italian wrote an enthusiastic article about Cristofori's invention, along with diagrams of how the piano worked. Other people started building them, and the piano spread around the world. The first piano manufacturer in England appeared in 1730, and the first published piano music appeared in 1732 ("The Piano Timeline"). Early manufacturers were small, often…...
mlaReferences
Editors. "Frederic Francois Chopin." Classical.net. 2009. 17 Nov. 2009.
.
Editors. "George Gershwin." Gershwin.com. 2009. 17 Nov. 2009.
.
They would actually recompose it during rehearsals and change it wherever they thought was necessary, in order to improve the performance. This is perhaps the reason that early music is often referred to as being 'performer oriented'.
Early music also had an abundance of musical instruments of every conceivable category and type, and some of the more common ones were the stringed instruments which could be plucked, bowed or strummed, and the wind instruments, which could be played by blowing one's breath into a hole, while the fingers would play the melody. The viola da gamba, an early precursor of the violoncello, was one of the easier to play stringed instruments of the early times, which retained its popularity even during the nineteenth century. It is in fact across between a violin and a guitar; while it is fretted like the guitar, it is bowed like the violin. A typical…...
mlaNicholas Kraft went on from success to more success until the time when he inadvertently injured his finger, after which he found that he could not play his beloved instrument any more. He composed for the violoncello four Concertos, nine Duets, a Polonaise, a Bolero, a 'Scene pastorale,' a 'Rondo a la chasse,' and two Fantasias, of which one is an arrangement of airs from the 'Freischiitz.' Nicholas Kraft, the son of Anton Kraft, had a son who was named Friedrich. Although he too was a clever cellist, nothing much is known about him. Another violoncellist, named Joseph Linke, was also popular at around the same time that Anton Kraft was popular. Some of his better known compositions include a Concerto, three books of Variations, a Polonaise, a 'Rondoletto,' and a Caprice on Rossini airs.
Both Linke and Anton Kraft seem to have played the violoncello more form an artistic point-of-view than the virtuoso style, while Joseph Merck played on the virtuoso side. This individual was a person who was training to be a violinist, but unfortunately, was bitten so very seriously by a dog that he found that he could never play the violin again. He therefore took to playing the violoncello, for which he was given instruction by Philippe Schindlocker. He was an avid learner, and he progressed well with his lessons. In the year 1816, he became the first Violoncellist in the Grand Opera at Vienna. Some of his renowned compositions are one Concerto, one Concertino, one Adagio and Rondo, one Polonaise, four books of Variations, 'Vingt Exercises' -- Op. 11, and Six Etudes -- Op. 20.
Karl Leopold was yet another famous violoncellist of the nineteenth century, and he was the musician to the Prince of Furstenberg. He produced a Concerto, Duets, Fantasias, Variations,
Mozart
olfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the most respected and revered composers who ever lived. Although he was a part of what has become known as the Classical era of music, it can be argued that Mozart transcended the aesthetic of his timer period and created works which are timeless. During his unfairly short lifetime, he helped create and popularize various musical forms. He has become an icon of genius and the epitome of the child prodigy, showing incredible artistic ability in a very early age. The totality of Mozart's works includes a plethora of symphonies, concertos, and operas not to mention singular musical pieces. Mozart was one of the most prolific composers of his era, or indeed of any era. More than 600 works of Mozart still exist to this day and there are reports which indicated some others have been lost to history. His works have been featured…...
mlaWorks Cited
Deutsch, O. (1965). Mozart: a Documentary Biography. Ed. P. Branscombe & E. Blom. Trans. J.
Noble. Stanford UP: Stanford, CA.
Halliwell, R. (1998). The Mozart Family: Four Lives in a Social Context. Clarendon: New York
City, NY.
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