A mixture of innate talents and supportive relationships resulted in achievement and resiliency. Social learning theory suggests that resiliency, and the ability to turn negatives into positives, such as Angelou's use of her difficult life as a source for literary autobiography and poetry, is not biologically based, but depends upon being exposed to social opportunities and the willingness of others to develop the subject's natural gifts.
But this ability to 'mine' her life's challenges may itself be partially due to a biological stress response that is more productive for individuals such as Angelou than other individuals. esilience does not so much imply an invulnerability to stress, but rather an ability to recover from negative events: "Considerable data exists suggesting that young people functioning well under high stress often show higher levels of emotional distress compared to their low stress peers" (Olsson et al. 2003, p.3). In other words, a natural…...

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References

Ewart, Craig K., Randall S. Jorgensen, Edith Chen, Sonia Suchday, & Karen a. Matthews.

(2002). Measuring stress resilience and coping in vulnerable youth: The social competence interview. Psychological Assessment, 14 (3), 339 -- 352. Retrieved May 9,

2010 at  http://www.psych.ubc.ca/~healthpsych/EdithArticles/PA2002.pdf 

Maya Angelou: Biography. Biography.com. Retrieved May 9, 2010 at  http://www.biography.com/articles/Maya-Angelou-9185388?print

What Concepts Seem Especially Relevant to You as A Social Worker?
Social work initiatives across the nation aid us, as social workers, in preparing for a number of problematic content areas which social workers come across in the course of their career. But 'gender identity' subject is often dismissed in spite of its relevance in all people's lives. In fact, social workers encounter several clients who experience gender identity struggles, to some extent, in life (Irvin & Mckay, 2013). The social work profession entails working with people; another comparable definition stresses "social" significance and, simultaneously, recognizes individuals' gender identity receptiveness to broader influential systems (Hawkes and Scott 2005, 7).

Expression of gender is socially-built, based on cultural expectations and standards. For instance, several people would agree on the fact that little girls do not innately love all things "pink" and wish to dress dolls. These things are taught to them through their…...

Life-span developmental theory offers a guideline for understanding human aging. Primarily, the theory provides explains the regular changes occurring to an individual to death. Theories of the aging process act as frameworks for aligning research findings and observations to deduce significant conclusions. The information is essential because it enhances sequencing in the lifespan hence providing chronological priority to earlier moments and events in an individual's life. Besides, life span theory can be identified as a synchronized integration of different age-based developmental specializations. Evidently, most people hold a perception of being actively engaged in shaping their future. They follow developmental stages that are intelligible in exploring and pursuing long-term goals. I have realized that the lifespan development theory is essential in my realization of timely goals in life as a social worker. In this study, I have elucidated the motivational theory of lifespan development and illustrated how I will incorporate it…...

Life Span
Lifespan development is a field of study that involves growth patterns stability and change in one's behavior in the whole stretch of life. The definition does not fully capture the intricate process of the study. The study employs scientific approaches to establish these trends. We need a close examination of the elements of the definition above. In examining stability, growth and change, lifespan development checks the assumptions about the course and nature of the development of a human being. This is a scientific way of establishing the facts in the study. Scientists evolve development theories and apply systematic scientific methods to establish the exactness of these assumptions. The focus of the studies is the development of human beings (FLDNMC, 2010).Lifespan Development scientists select a topical area of focus and consider the age range of study. The span normally spreads out in broad age range segments. These segments include the…...

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References

Adolescence. (n.d.). Pearson Highered. Retrieved from:https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/020559526X.pdf

Baltes, P. B., Lindenberger, U., & Staudinger, U. M. (2007). Life Span Theory in Developmental Psychology. In Handbook of Child Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0111/abstract 

Chand, S. (2013). How to Adapt CBT for Older Adults? Current Psychiatry, 12(3), 10-15.

Cooper, J., Masi, R., & Vick, J. (2009). Social-emotional Development in Early Childhood. National Center for Children in Poverty.

Donald E. Super
The Life-Span theory of career development, developed by D.E. Super in 1953, is a highly useful tool for understanding career choice and development across the lifespan. The theory sees career development as a series of steps that begin with the development of self-concept, and end with retirement, although these steps can sometimes be juxtaposed during the life cycle. In the decades since Super's theory was first developed, it has remained topical, respected, and useful in career development counseling. However, the theory's limited consideration of individual factors and socioeconomic factors make it the most useful when used in conjunction with other approaches to career development.

Overview of Life-Span Theory number of key figures helped to shape Super's Life-Span theory of career development. These included Hull, Thorndike, and Bandura, who helped to shape the major focus of the theory toward an understanding of the distinct life roles of the individual, and…...

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References

American Psychological Association. Vocational Development. 28 April 2004. http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/school/page10.html

Gredler, M.E. (1997). Learning and instruction: theory into practice. 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.

Marini, Margaret Mooney and Brinton, Mary C. (1984). Sex Segregation in the Workplace: Trends, Explanations, Remedies. National Academies Press. 28 April 2004.  http://books.nap.edu/books/0309034450/html/192.html 

Sharf, Richard S. 2001. Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling. Brooks Cole; 3 edition.

Identity in Emerging Adulthood
Identity

Title an exploration of employment selection behaviors and the link to identity development.

Area of study

This study considers the employment selection behaviors of emerging adults. Employment selection is a critical element of the development process. It influences and structures the ability to take care of oneself in the present and the future. However, more significantly employment is an indicator of independence and display of the ability to commit to a usually a long-term experience. Independence and commitment are skills that in adulthood can establish the way in which one lives. In this framework, employment can be viewed as one of the indicators that reflect an individual's development in these areas. This is beyond the individuals self-perception that they are not adults (Nelson et al. 2000).

In the modern context, self-determination requires the individual to have some form of employment and access to legitimate forms capital not for developmental or…...

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References

Arnett, J.J. Emerging (2000). Adulthood: A Theory of Development From the Late Teens

Through the Twenties American Psychologist 55(5):469-480. DOI: 10.1037//0003-

066X.55.5.469

Nelson L.J., Padilla-Walker, L.M., Carroll J.S. Madsen, S.D. Barry, C.M. & Badger, S.

"Amy or Annie" is the symbol of integrity, a child who had won Eddie's affection and managed to bring in him his care for other people.
In sum, Mitch Albom's "The five people you meet in heaven" is an effective illustration of the life of Eddie, an 83-year-old man who, through a vision of "heaven" on earth, received self-actualization/integrity as he approached the end of his life on earth. Interestingly, Albom uses "heaven" in a figurative sense in order to extend the important message of the novel to his readers: "heaven" is but a supernatural concept that actually exists anytime, anywhere in this world. Enlightened people who realize this truth about heaven, like Eddie, achieve self-actualization/integrity in life. Moreover, Albom wants his readers to realize that the path towards self-actualization/integrity does not end at death; rather, it is dynamic or ever-changing and continuous, and it is only in achieving a…...

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Bibliography

Albom, M. (2003). The five people you meet in heaven. NY: Hyperion.

Santrock, J. (2004). Life-span development. NY:McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

perfect, Piaget's theories a profound impact field cognitive development. Provide analysis model challenges . a.Define main stages Piaget's theory, age ranges. b.Discuss crucial processes children move stage .
Piaget's theory of cognitive development relates to four essential stages that children go through as they grow up. The first is the sensorimotor stage and it involves the time period between birth and the age of two. Children learn more about the world in this phase by interacting with objects and through their experiences. The second is the preoperational stage, entails children between the ages of two to (approximately) seven, and it has children acquiring more information through role-playing but still encountering issues because they cannot properly implement logics and as they have difficulty seeing things from other point-of-views. The concrete operational stage occurs from about seven to about eleven years old and has children behaving and thinking more logically. Even with…...

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Works cited:

Santrock, John W. (2006). "Life-Span Development (10th ed.)" McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

Smith, Leslie, (2002). "Critical Readings on Piaget." Routledge.

Essay Topic Examples
1. The Role of Family Dynamics in Shaping Middle Childhood sychosocial Development:
     This essay would explore how various family structures, parenting styles, and sibling relationships impact the social and emotional development of children aged 6-12. It would analyze the influence of family interactions on children's self-esteem, peer relationships, and ability to cope with stress.

2. The Impact of School Environment on sychosocial Development in Middle Childhood:
     This topic would examine the effects of school life, including teacher-student relationships, academic pressure, and social hierarchies, on the psychosocial development of children. It would discuss how the school setting contributes to a child's self-concept, motivation, and social skills.

3. eer Influence and Social Competence in Middle Childhood:
     The essay would delve into the significance of peer relationships during middle childhood, assessing how friendships and peer groups contribute to social competence, moral development, and the establishment of social identity. Consideration would be given to…...

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Primary Sources

Erikson, Erik H. Identity: Youth and Crisis. Austen Riggs Monograph No. 7. New York: Norton, 1968.

Piaget, Jean. The Moral Judgment of the Child. New York: Free Press, 1965.

Damon, William. The Social World of the Child. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc., 1979.

Collins, W. Andrew. \"Development During Middle Childhood: The Years From Six to Twelve.\" National Academies Press, 1984.

Ladd, Gary W., and Natalie D. Eggum. \"Peer Relationships and Their Impact on Children\'s Development.\" In The Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science. Vol. 4, edited by Richard M. Lerner. 7th ed., 175-222. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015.

Gender Differences in Self-Esteem among Urban Municipal Center Employees in MaineAbstractThis research study investigated the differences in self-esteem levels between male and female employees of the Urban Municipal Center in Maine. Using the Self-Esteem Inventory with established validity and a Cronbach\\\'s Alpha level of .90, data was collected and analyzed using the Central Limit Theorem. The sample included 184 males and 252 females. The results of an independent samples t-test revealed no significant differences in self-esteem levels between male and female employees. The findings contribute to the understanding of self-esteem in workplace settings and provide insights for organizational policies and practices.IntroductionSelf-esteem plays a crucial role in individuals\\\' well-being and overall job satisfaction. As workplaces strive to create inclusive and diverse environments, understanding potential gender differences in self-esteem levels among employees is essential. This study aimed to investigate the differences in self-esteem levels between male and female employees of the Urban…...

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ReferencesBleidorn, W., Arslan, R. C., Denissen, J. J., Rentfrow, P. J., Gebauer, J. E., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Age and gender differences in self-esteem—A cross-cultural window. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(3), 396-410. doi:10.1037/pspp0000078Block, J., & Robins, R. W. (1993). A longitudinal study of consistency and change in self-esteem from early adolescence to early adulthood. Child Development, 64(3), 909-923. doi:10.2307/1131226Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122(1), 5-37. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16(5), 328-335. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.xEagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735-754. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.735Erol, R. Y., & Orth, U. (2011). Self-esteem development from age 14 to 30 years: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(3), 607-619. doi:10.1037/a0024299Gentile, B., Grabe, S., Dolan-Pascoe, B., Twenge, J. M., Wells, B. E., & Maitino, A. (2012). Gender differences in domain-specific self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology, 16(1), 56-68. doi:10.1037/a0027034Grabe, S., Hyde, J. S., & Lindberg, S. M. (2007). Body objectification and depression in adolescents: The role of gender, shame, and rumination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31(2), 164-175. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00350.xHarter, S. (1993). Causes and consequences of low self-esteem in children and adolescents. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard (pp. 87-116). New York, NY: Plenum Press.Hyde, J. S., Fennema, E., & Lamon, S. J. (1990). Gender differences in mathematics performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 139-155. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.139Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.80Kling, K. C., Hyde, J. S., Showers, C. J., & Buswell, B. N. (1999). Gender differences in self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(4), 470-500. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.4.470Leaper, C., & Brown, C. S. (2008). Perceived experiences with sexism among adolescent girls. Child Development, 79(3), 685-704. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01151.xMartins, L. L., Eddleston, K. A., & Veiga, J. F. (2010). Moderators of the relationship between work-family conflict and career satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 399-427. doi:10.5465/amj.2010.49388907Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Widaman, K. F. (2012). Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1271-1288. doi:10.1037/a0025558Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L., & Ferguson, M. J. (2001). Everyday sexism: Evidence for its incidence, nature, and psychological impact from three daily diary studies. Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 31-53. doi:10.1111

Developmental Evidence for Contemporary Law
Criminal behavior is unfortunate at any age. Yet, when the one committing the crime is a child, society tends to not know how to digest the actual acts as they unfold. Children are supposed to be so innocent, yet they can be capable of heinous acts. Much of this is learned through exposure to such acts, making the act itself reflexive in that the child weighed its potential success. However, it is clear that the undeveloped cognitive abilities of a child, especially at the age of six, makes that child void of responsibility of criminal acts because they lack the proper fully developed cognitive structures to understand the very real consequences for their actions.

It is true; children are a lot smarter than we often think they are. They are true sponges, in that they absorb what they see and then reenact that behavior to a tee.…...

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References

Berger, Kathleen. The Developing Person through the Life Span. 8th ed.

For me personally, however, the empathy that I develop is directed by my spirituality and inclination to see beyond what is obvious. This combination has been most beneficial for me as a social worker (obbins, Chatterjee and Canda, 2006; Lesser and Pope, 2007).
Furthermore, the level of loyalty and dedication that I bring to my work is something I am very proud of. As I mentioned earlier, loyalty and dedication are some of the important traits that I look for in my friends and the main reason for this is the fact that these are the traits that I personally vibe-out as well. I feel that as a social worker, perhaps the most important aspect that an individual can bring to work is dedication; as part of this world, u have to truly have a passion for it to be able to withstand the constant setbacks, financial instability and lack…...

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References

Correll, D. (2005). News and Views…from ICSW. International Social Work. 48:5, 688-691.

Hofer B.K. And Pintrich, P.R. (1997). The Development of Epistemological Theories: Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing and Their Relation to Learning. Review of Educational Research, Vol. 67, No. 1, 88-140.

Long, D.D. And Holle, M.C. (2007) Macro Systems in the Social Environment (2nd edition). Belmont, CA: Thompson, Brooks/Cole.

Lesser, J.C. And Pope, D.S. (2007). Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Theory and practice. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.

Parts of the theory are individual but coherent. The microsystem is the smallest layer in the sense that it is closest to the child and contains all the structures of which the child has regular contact. It includes the relationships and structures that the child uses to define their surroundings (family, school, and neighborhood). The interactions in this layer are primary modifiers, but are continually impacted by other layers. The mesosystem is the rather amorphous way that Microsystems morph and interact with another -- connections between events and organizations. The exosystem is the larger social system in which the child does not directly interact but has a profound effect on the Microsystems (positive and negative effects, etc.). The macrosystem, or the outermost layer in the child's environment consists of laws, customs, values, and norms -- all of which the child is expected to assimilate prior to becoming part of that…...

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REFERENCES and WORKS CONSULTED

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. Harvard University

Press.

Chinn, C. And a. Samarapungavan. (2001). "Distinguishing Between Understanding

And Belief." Theory into Practice. 40 (4): 235-42.

The objective of this paper is to provide the analysis of lifespan interview of Ms. W who was forced to take the additional responsibilities because her father died very young leaving her mother to raise three young children. The study discusses the psychological, sociological, and biological stresses that a single parent and their children face when the father, who is the breadwinner of the family suddenly gives up. The study uses Ms. W case for the narrative analysis
Ms. W was very young when her father died to leave her mother to shoulder additional responsibilities of taking care of three children. Ms. W case was an excellent choice for the review and analysis because the information collected for a review assists in providing the in-depth understanding of the individual personal problem who has experienced a sudden a loss of a father at a younger age and being raised by a single…...

Developmental Processes Across the Life Span With Diverse Sociocultural Contexts
The objective of this study is to identify development processes across the life span with diverse sociocultural contexts and to demonstrate theoretical comprehension and application in psychotherapy in order to identify theoretical strengths and weaknesses based on the setting and/or client population specific to child behavior. Finally, this work will demonstrate basic knowledge of the range of normal an abnormal behaviors and child developmental processes. The work of Havighurst (1971) entitled 'Characteristics of Development Task' reports that living is a process beginning with birth and ending with death, which is, comprised of people "working their way through from stage of development to another, by solving their problems in each stage.") When the individual does not complete a task, which results in unhappiness as well as "disapproval by society and problems in later tasks." (1971, p.1) Six primary stages of the human…...

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Bibliography

Havighurst, R.J., (1971) Developmental Tasks and Education, Third Edition. New York. Longman.

Lam, WSE (nd) Re-envisioning Language, Literacy and the Immigrant Subject in New Mediascapes. Northwestern University / Evanston, IL.

Castel, AD, et al. (2011) The Development of Memory Efficiency and Value-Directed Remembering Across the Life Span: A Cross-Sectional Study of Memory and Selectivity. Developmental Psychology © 2011 American Psychological Association. 2011, Vol. 47, No. 6, 1553 -- 1564.

Waszak, F. et al. (2010) The Development of Attentional Networks: Cross-Sectional Findings From a Life Span Sample. Developmental Psychology © 2010 American Psychological Association 2010, Vol. 46, No. 2, 337 -- 349

In Santrock’s Essentials of Life-Span Development, 7e, the authors address death, dying, and grieving in Chapter 17.  They discuss death and grief in many terms, from clinical definitions to the stage of death in term of lifespan development.  They focus on lifespan from the perspective of several different theorists, but there is significant overlap in theories, especially in Western theories about death, dying, and grief.

Summary- In this section, you want to summarize what the book contains about this section of the lifespan.  We suggest focusing on the various theories in your summary and....