Innate vs. Learned Behavior
According to the University of Illinois at Chicago innate behavior is fixed through developmental processes. It does not matter what environment one has been brought up in, all individuals that "…can exhibit the [innate] behavior do exhibit the behavior" (www.uic.edu). That said, this definition doesn't mean that the environment does not play a role in innate behavior, because it does; innate behaviors are "triggered by a stimulus" that "must occur within the context of the animal's environment" (www.uic.edu).

As to learned behaviors, they are formed and modified by experience; however, there is no "hard and fast distinction between the two," the UIC definition continues. There are ample number of learned behaviors that are "strongly pre-determined chronology (i.e., language learning) and many 'innate' behaviors are improved by experience (i.e., parasitoid foraging) (www.uic.edu).

Meanwhile the North Caroline State University Entomology Department explains that Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior,…...

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Works Cited

HorseTrainingSuccess.com. (2007). Horse Behavior -- Innate vs. Learned. Retrieved August 12,

2011, from http://www.horsetrainingsuccess.com/art0003.html.

North Carolina State University. (2009). Elements of Behavior / General Entomology.

Retrieved August 11, 2011, from  http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/courst/ent425/tutorial/behavior/index.html .

attitudes emotions influence behavios -Explain ways pesonality values influence behavios -Ceate a plan incease employee motivation, satisfaction, pefomance -Discuss topics comfotable -Discuss stuggle -Discuss elate oganiazation (human esouces) • Use ONLY pesent tense! NO PAST TENSE a -wite equested. Souces
Behavioal Influences

The influences of attitudes and emotions on behavios

The behavio of individuals is influenced by seveal factos. Some of the most impotant factos that influence human behavio ae epesented by upbinging, education, pesonal expeience, the envionment, leaned behavios, thei thinking style, and othes. These factos basically shape the geneal lines of human behavio. Thee ae also othe factos that influence it.

The attitudes and emotions of individuals influence thei behavio on contextual basis. In othe wods, the behavio of individuals can be diffeent in situations that have little diffeence between them. This is because duing the situations in case, the individual can be affected by cetain attitudes and emotions that equie…...

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references of employees are addressed by different approaches. In addition to this, the different values of employees determine them to respond to different motivational factors. In other words, employees are motivated by different factors. What motivates certain employees, does not motivate others. Therefore, the company analyzes the behavior of employees and identifies their personality, their values, and the emotions that affect them.

The company struggles with identifying these issues. This is because in order to identify them, the employees must provide this information. In case they do not want to offer such information about themselves, it is difficult for the company to identify their motivational factors. This means that it is difficult to develop a motivational strategy that can increase their satisfaction. It is important to develop strategies that influence employees and their productivity.

Reference list:

1. Fargus, P. (2000). Measuring and Improving Employee Motivation. Pp 45. Prentice Hall. Retrieved March 18, 2013 from  http://books.google.ro/books?id=-0VYAAAAYAAJ&q=employee+motivation&dq=employee+motivation&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=8V9HUdn1NIvltQbJooCoAw&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ .

2. Griffin, R. (2000). Management. Pp. 509. Cengage Learning. Retrieved March 18, 2013 from  http://books.google.ro/books?id=7_NuZvMEvdgC&pg=PA509&dq=employee+motivation&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=8V9HUdn1NIvltQbJooCoAw&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=employee%20motivation&f=false .

Canine Behavior: Genetics vs. Environment
The debate over nature vs. nurture as it applies to learning dates back over a hundred years. Certainly, during much of the 20th century, the distinction between learned and inherited behavior appeared much clearer than it does today. The concept that any type of behavior was either learned or merely developed without learning seemed a rationale and straightforward belief. esearch based on these expectations caused some scientists to conclude that rat-killing behavior among cats, for example, is a learned behavior rather than an instinctive one, that human fears are all acquired, or that intelligence is completely the result of experience. Learning theorists were arguing at this point that most behavior is learned and that biological factors are of little or no importance. The behaviorist position that human behavior could be explained entirely in terms of reflexes, stimulus-response associations, and the effects of reinforcers upon them…...

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References

Ader, R., Baum, A., & Weiner, H. (1988). Experimental foundations of behavioral medicines: Conditioning approaches. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Black, A.H., Solomon, R.L., & Whiting, J.W.M. (1954, April). Resistance to temptation as a function of antecedent dependency relationships in puppies. Paper presented at the Eastern Psychological Association meeting, New York. In American Psychologist, 9, 579.

Brush, F.R., Overmier, J.B., & Solomon, R.L. (1985). Affect, conditioning, and cognition: Essays on the determinants of behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Dogs and People: The History and Psychology of a Relationship. (1996). Journal of Business Administration and Policy Analysis, 24-26, 54.

Managing Behaviors & Teaching Social Skills
Antisocial behavior in schools in on the rise and has become a concern in school systems, from both a learning perspective and from a safety perspective, as well. Previously, schools have dealt with such behaviors using punitive measures such as expulsion, or even law enforcement measures to attempt to discourage youth from behaving in an undesirable manner. These programs have had little or no effect on curbing behavior problems in schools. Second Step and Boys Town are programs, which implement a positive approach to behavior management. These programs teach youth alternatives to violence and stress problem solving, coping, and conflict management. These programs have had considerably greater success than their predecessors. This research will qualitatively explore the theoretical issues behind the success of these two programs and take a critical look at them to explore ways in which they may be further improved for greater…...

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References

Butterworth, F. (1998, July 26). Why the South's murder rate is so high. The New York Times on the Web. ( http://www.nytimes.com )

Capra. F. (1996). The Web of Life. New York: Anchor Books.

Carlson, N.R. (1994). Physiology of behavior. Boston: Allyn & Bacon

Cohen, D., Nisbett, R.E., & Bowdle, B.F. (1996). Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: an "experimental ethnography." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 945-960.

Basic biological needs generally take precedence over psychological needs. If two needs are incompatible, the more basic one is usually satisfied first. filling needs, and under the most common circumstances, both a need and a drive can be identified in motivated behavior, particularly when physiological needs are involved. However, there are also drives such as curiosity, which don't depend on deprivation and for physiological, safety and security needs, must be satisfied before higher-order needs for love and belongingness, esteem, and finally for http://www.arches.uga.edu/~danni/maslow1.gif
While Maslow's hierarchy makes sense intuitively, little evidence exists to support its strict hierarchy. ctually, most research refutes the order of needs the model spcifies. For example, some cultures seem to place social needs before others. Maslow's hierarchy also has difficulty when, for example, a person neglects physical needs in pursuit of aesthetic or spiritual ones. Finally, studies show that people are usually motivated to satisfy more…...

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A www.ggs-books.com/pdf_files/BehavioralScience.pdf

There are a number of issues, or conflicts, that have divided both motivational scholars and psychologists for many years. These issues are: Is motivation internal or dispositional to the individual or is it the result of external or situational forces? Are some people more highly motivated across all situations while others lack motivation in all situational contexts? What is the relative effectiveness of extrinsic vs. intrinsic motivation? Are people innately motivated or are they more encouraged by the expectation of external rewards? Is motivation a learned behavior? What is the comparative impact of cognitive vs. affective nature of motivation? Is motivation explained best as a process by which individuals make well thought out intellectual choices among alternatives, or is it based on emotion and whim?

Prochaska, Norcross and DiClemente (1994) have proposed a six-stage model that is applicable in the motivation process. In the process of personal change, it is typical for a person to go around a series of stages in a cyclical fashion before achieving stable change.

Sociobiology Theory and Criminology
Criminology field has varying psychological and biological theories that explain the criminality and factors that predispose individuals to engaging in criminal behaviors. Biological theories consider criminal behavior as a product of biological abnormality or defect. The criminal cannot change their behaviors because of the variation of their biological traits, thereby, forcing them to act in a specific manner. However, biological theory is considered odd with the presence of psychological theories that try to explain the factors and reasons behind criminality. Unlike the earlier, psychological theories, consider criminality as a product of offenders due to defects of the mental functioning, adjustment to the environmental forces, and individual development (Baumeister & Vohs, 2007). Therefore, this essay analyzes the sociobiological theory that tries to explain the relationship between personality and criminality. The essay also analyzes the key elements that underpin the sociobiological theory and its philosophical basis.

Sociobiology refers to a…...

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References

Baumeister, R.F., & Vohs, K.D. (2007). Encyclopedia of social psychology. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.

Turner, J.H. (2001). Handbook of sociological theory. New York: Springer.

Wainwright, M. (2012). Toward a sociobiological hermeneutic: Darwinian essays on literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan

Log esponse with BanduraFPMHNP Student eflection:During the interaction with VL, I observed her engagement with the video game and her reactions to the game\\\'s outcomes. Her behavior was noticeably influenced by her environment, particularly the video game and her brother\\\'s previous interactions with it. I felt intrigued by this. Her emotional reactions, such as frustration when losing the game, were intense and seemed to be influenced by her observations of others playing the game. When reprimanded by her mother for using inappropriate language, VL showed signs of understanding the consequences of her actions, but her emotional state prevented her from immediate positive change. This interaction highlighted the importance of understanding the child\\\'s environment and the influences it has on their behavior and emotional responses. I felt like I was seeing Banduras theory playing out in front of my eyes.Theorist application and analysis of interaction:According to Bandura, learning occurs through observation…...

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ReferencesLocklear, A. K. (2020). Review of major learning theories: a mindtool for understanding and applying theoretical concepts. J Ment Health Soc Behav, 2(108), 1-6.

Behavior Change Chart
Behavior Chart

Antecedent

Behavior

Consequence

Possible Function

Janesta takes the doll Emily was playing with.

Emily bit Janesta.

Emily was picked up and told, "We don't bite," and held in lap for a few minutes before she runs to play with blocks.

Emily bit someone that was taking something from her in order to defend herself and received individual attention.

Without provocation Emily bites a boy

Emily bit the boy on the shoulder.

Emily was picked up by the assistant and moved her to the reading area where a book is read to her. Emily stayed there for ten minutes, quietly turning pages.

Emily bit the boy because she learned that she would get individual attention when she acted out in this way.

CE300 Unit 6 Project: Behavior Change Chart

Antecedent

How would you change the antecedent?

What do you expect to happen and why?

What else might happen and why?

What strategies would you implement and why? Include references!

Both antecedents included a low attention…...

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References

Behavior unraveled. (2011). Retrieved from http://behaviorunraveled.com/

For example, the fact that I am calm and in control helps me make good decisions based on analyzing the facts of a situation, rather than relying on emotions or factors that cannot be controlled. In my opinion, such characteristics are very important for managers. Also, I am interested in theoretical aspects, in identifying patterns and innovation oriented, which is extremely useful for entrepreneurs. I am logical and critical in work situations, which allows me to correctly assess various situations.
I am systematic, I enjoy making plans, developing schedules and procedures, I have a structured and strategic thinking. These are characteristics that managers must have, given the importance of the planning process within companies. I am interested in identifying the advantages and disadvantages of a situation before making a decision.

However, this type of personality reveals that I must improve my communication skills. This is because I have the tendency to…...

As mentioned above, communication issues are frequent in this company in the case of top-down communication. This is probably because managers do not appreciate the importance of communication, or they prefer not to include their subordinates in the decision making process. The availability of top managers for their subordinates is another issue that must be modified in order to develop a fair organizational culture.

The Glaser test has also revealed some interesting facts about my company that I did not manage to observe previously, probably because of the involvement in the company's processes. For example, the rather high score in the teamwork and conflict scale reveals that the company is characterized by frequent conflict. Although the atmosphere at work is a rather friendly, collegial, and supportive one, small conflicts tend to develop quickly. This can be attributed to the reduced level of control exerted by the managers as a result of…...

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Reference list:

1. Moss, N. (2001). Quiz: What Is your Corporate Culture? Retrieved March 4, 2011 from  http://www.inc.com/articles/2001/08/23312.html# .

Helplessness and Depression
The concept of learned helplessness is most strongly identified with psychologist Martin Seligman. Early animal experimentation by Seligman and colleagues defined the phenomenon of learned helplessness (Overmier & Seligman, 1967). The concept of learned helplessness describes the phenomenon that occurs when an animal or person observes or experiences traumatic events that they can exert little influence or control over. When the animal or person discovers that it can do nothing to escape or affect such an event it may acquire learned helplessness and not attempt to even try to remove itself from potentially harmful situations. In behavioral terms the organism learns that reinforcement and behavior are not contingent on one another (Seligman, 1976). The organism essentially becomes conditioned to form a belief that nothing it can do can affect the situation and it simply "gives up."

The original learned helplessness experiments had dogs learning through classical conditioning to…...

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References

Abramson, L.Y., Seligman, M.E.P., & Teasdale, J.D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans:

Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87(1): 49 -- 74.

Bandura A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Lobotomy is a popular medical procedure introduced in curing mentally ill individuals, which requires the removal of the prefrontal lobes of the cortex of the brain, the part of the brain wherein aggressive and violent behavior is triggered. However, in the movie, lobotomy is shown to have disastrous results: McMurphy's violent behavior is indeed abated, but as illustrated in the movie, the lobotomy had turned him into a 'vegetable' neither responding to his ward mates' call for attention nor displaying his usual rowdy, obnoxious, McMurphy self.
This instance in the movie is considered as patterned after the medical model of abnormal psychology, wherein "mental disorders are described as medical diseases with a biological origin" (450). ecause this is the prevalent thinking in medical science during the time the movie (and novel) was made, Nurse Ratched decided, in order to "treat" McMurphy, to let him undergo lobotomy. Subsistence to the medical…...

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Bibliography

Santorck, J. (2001). Psychology. NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Therapeutic communities are important and valuable tools, but certainly not for all patients. Often, the community is made up of a certain ward or unit of the hospital, rather than the entire facility. Clearly, some patients, such as those suffering from serious debilitating diseases such as dementia or severe schizophrenia might not be physically or mentally able to exist in such a facility. However, for others, who have specific issues or health problems, and are in the facility hoping for a cure, the community concept can help them become more sure of themselves, more able to function outside the facility, and give them confidence in their decision-making abilities.

Often this term describes those in a substance abuse facility, but it can relate to other disorders and treatment facilities as well. Some of these communities are all group based, while others combine individual counseling and therapy with group activities. The main idea…...

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References

Butler, Gillian, and Freda McManus. Psychology: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Smith, David L. Approaching Psychoanalysis: An Introductory Course. London: Karnac Books, 1999.

learning? What role does behavior play in learning?
Learning is the acquisition of skills through behaviors. Behaviors help an individual learn through experiences, both favorable and unfavorable. Learning is a life long endeavor which is garnered in the beliefs and behaviors of the individual. The overall process takes time, as beliefs are often broken down, eliminated, and reborn through experience. Behaviors directly impact learning as they are correlated to experiences. Experiences therefore follow behaviors. For example, if an individual behaves in an inappropriate manner regarding his spending, he or she will experience debt. Through this experience the individual will "learn" to manage his or her money in a more appropriate manner.

What are two different types of learning? Describe each one in your response.

The two primary learning styles are that of hands on (kinesthetic) learning and visual learning. A hands on experiments allows the individual to develop in a manner that…...

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References:

1) Santrock. John Life-span development. Mc Graw Hill (12ed.) 2012

2) Demetriou, A. (1998). Cognitive development. In A. Demetriou, W. Doise, K.F.M. van Lieshout (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology (pp. 179 -- 269). London: Wiley

3) Kamii, C. (1985). Young children reinvent arithmetic: Implications of Piaget's theory. New York: Teachers College Press

The choice to do so and then controlling oneself, rather than being pushed and pulled by controls beyond oneself is as difficult and heart-wrenching as being controlled by others. Likewise, reconnecting to the world is difficult if the world is feared and seen as the source of pain. Counselors teach the patients to not think of the past but to act and do directly those things that would make it positive today, finding a new connection and making a new plan. (Glasser, 2001)
eferences

Behavioral Therapy, Psyweb.com. (2006). etrieved September 5, 2006 at http://psyweb.com/Mdisord/MdisordADV/AdvPsych.jsp

Burns, D. (1980). Feeling Good - the New Mood Therapy. New York: Signet

Burns, D. (1999). Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (evised edition). New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Glasser, W. (n.d.) Choice Theory: A New Psychology of Personal Freedom, Chatsworth, CA the William Glasser Institute.

Glasser, W. (2001.) the Institute for eality Therapy. etrieved September 18, 2006 at http://www.realitytherapy.org.uk/

ogha, eality…...

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References

Behavioral Therapy, Psyweb.com. (2006). Retrieved September 5, 2006 at  http://psyweb.com/Mdisord/MdisordADV/AdvPsych.jsp 

Burns, D. (1980). Feeling Good - the New Mood Therapy. New York: Signet

Burns, D. (1999). Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (Revised edition). New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Glasser, W. (n.d.) Choice Theory: A New Psychology of Personal Freedom, Chatsworth, CA the William Glasser Institute.

1. The importance of selflessness in building strong and harmonious relationships.
2. Exploring the concept of selflessness in different cultures and religions.
3. The impact of selfless acts on personal fulfillment and happiness.
4. Examining the role of selflessness in personal growth and development.
5. The psychological and social benefits of selflessness.
6. The challenges and rewards of practicing selflessness in modern society.
7. Analyzing real-life examples of selflessness and its impact on individuals and communities.
8. The role of selflessness in leadership and its impact on team dynamics and performance.
9. Exploring the connection between selflessness and empathy.
10. Critically evaluating the limitations and potential negative consequences of....

## Prevalent Causes of Drug Addiction

Drug addiction, a chronic and relapsing brain disease, stems from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Understanding the multitude of reasons that can lead to addiction is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

1. Genetic Predisposition:

Genetic factors account for approximately 40-60% of an individual's susceptibility to drug addiction.
Certain genes can influence the way the brain responds to drugs, including their rewarding and reinforcing effects.
Inherited variations in genes involved in dopamine pathways, opioid receptors, and enzymes responsible for drug metabolism can increase the risk of addiction.

2. Environmental Factors:

Exposure to....

Untangling the Complex Causes of Violence in Society

Violence, a pervasive scourge within our communities, is a multi-faceted phenomenon with roots embedded deep within the intricate fabric of our society. To effectively combat this societal ill, it is imperative that we unravel the complex web of factors contributing to its emergence. By adopting a holistic approach that considers biological, psychological, social, economic, and political dimensions, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of the causes of violence and develop targeted interventions to address them.

Biological Factors:

Neurobiological Mechanisms: Neuroimaging studies have identified abnormalities in brain regions associated with aggression, impulsivity, and self-control in....

I. Introduction

1. Overview of Crime and Criminology

1. Definition of Crime
2. Definition of Criminology

2. Importance of Studying Crime and Criminology

1. Understanding Criminal Behavior
2. Developing Crime Prevention Strategies

II. Foundational Principles

1. Principle 1 Criminal Behavior is a Choice

1. Individuals Decide to Commit Crimes
2. Factors Influencing Criminal Decision-Making

2. Principle 2 Crime is Socially Constructed

1. Different Societies Define Crime Differently
2. Role of Culture and Values in Defining Criminal Behavior

3. Principle 3 Crime is a Result of Inequality

1. Social, Economic, and Political Factors Contribute to Criminal....