Labor Markets and Their Many Aspects
The negative aspects of a loosely-regulated labor market:

The dangers of under-regulation

The labor laws of the state of Pennsylvania are still highly influenced by the unionization movement that began in the steel mills of the state. It is said that "no state in America has a richer labor history than Pennsylvania" (Pennsylvania labor history, 2011, IAP). The AFL and CIO were founded in the state. "The 1877 railroad strike, the 1892 battle of Homestead, and the 1919 steel strike" are all nationally famous incidents that were highly influential upon the development of the modern labor movement and remain potent, collective state memories (Pennsylvania labor history, 2011, IAP). However, "the struggle against child labor, sweatshops and oppressive working conditions unfortunately continue today in the global economy. Workers' rights to form unions and collectively bargain, to have a safe and healthful workplace, and to have health care and…...

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References

About labor-management cooperation. (2011). PA Department of Labor & Industry. Retrieved October 21, 2011 at http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/labor-management_cooperation/10484

Bernhardt, Annette Ruth Milkman & Nik Theodore. (2009). Working without laws. The Nation.

Retrieved October 21, 2011 at  http://www.thenation.com/article/working-without-laws 

Fischer, Charles. (2010). Labor's laboring effort. The Berkley Blog. Retrieved October 21, 2011

These positions generally pay well. The outlook for financial analysts is good, as openings are expected to increase rapidly over the coming years. However, there is strong competition for the position as well, meaning that candidates will need to have substantial qualifications. Candidates should have at least a bachelor's degree, but often an MBA in finance and/or a CPA designation as well. For most openings, experience is required. Many financial analyst positions are specialized, so a candidate would need expertise in a particular industry or country in order to qualify for the position.
Three different companies were surveyed. Goldman Sachs had the greatest number of openings. Most of their openings were at the entry level, and they indicated that there was strong competition for these openings such that candidates would need to have the highest possible qualifications. Of the three companies surveyed, Goldman Sachs offered the highest starting wages and…...

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Works Cited:

Occupational Outlook Handbook. (2010). Retrieved March 14, 2010 from  http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos301.htm

labor market in Harlan County, Texas, was monopolistic in the sense that Duke Power had a significant amount of wage-setting power at the time that Harlan County, USA was filmed. The company and its subsidiary, the Eastover Mining Company, were one of the largest employers within the county. Moreover, the sort of people that the company hired did not have a lot of other career prospects. Most of them were relatively uneducated by contemporary standards and had high school diplomas or did not finish high schools. As such, the work afforded by this company was fairly important to their livelihoods, which is why the laborers were willing to endure a strike for as long as they did.
Since Duke Power was one of the larger employers within Harlan County, they were able to set wages in the region. A testament to this particular fact is the scab replacements that the…...

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References

Krundt, R. (2011). "Cinematic Journalism at its best." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://community.nytimes.com/rate-review/movies.nytimes.com/movie/21576/Harlan-County-USA/overview

Long, C. (2006). "Harlan County USA dvd review." Movie Metropolis.  http://moviemet.com/review/harlan-county-usa-dvd-review 

Schneider, D. (2010). "You can't topple Kopple." Culture Wars. Retrieved from http://www.culturewars.org.uk/index.php/site/article/you_cant_topple_kopple/

Abstract This paper looks at the concepts of the labor market, wage growth and income inequality in the U.S. and discusses them in terms of inflation (caused by the injection of $4 trillion worth of liquidity into the financial markets by the Federal Reserve after the global economic crisis threatened to derail capitalism). It describes what has been written in three news articles in recent years and months, and discusses them with a view to showing that the “best economy ever”—as it is described by President Trump—should not be dependent upon a rate-cutting Fed. A good look at the labor market, wage growth and income inequality may help to explain why the president is so worried about the central bank maintaining loose monetary policy.
Introduction
While President Trump has often insisted that this is the best economy ever (BBC, 2019), there are signs that this might not be true—and those signs can be…...

("2004 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics," 2010) However, when you compare the unskilled immigrant with the skilled immigrants, it is clear that you are seeing a similar kind of scenario occurring. Where, they have lower costs of labor in comparison to those educated native workers. In those situations where the immigrants are unskilled, means that many state and local governments will face increased growth in the population. (Car, 2001) Yet, because the overall level of wages are small, means the revenues that are generated will have a limited impact on the community (as far as the government is concerned). Conversely, those immigrants who are more educated will make a larger contribution to the local economy. This is because their specialized education allows them to work in fields that have the potential for greater contributions, to the community and the government. In this particular case, the contributions that they would make…...

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Bibliography

2004 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics. (2010). Retrieved March 16, 2010 from Office of Immigration Statistics

website:

http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/yearbook/2004/Yearbook2004.pdf

The Role of Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market. (2010). Retrieved March 16, 2010 from Congressional Budget

Labor Market, Unemployment
Defining and classifying Unemployment

There is a level of unemployment in any economy, which is not automatically a bad thing, as most people would think. The presence of a level of unemployment, which usually is presented as a percentage, indicates that at any one given point in that economy, there are people looking for work and managers looking for better employees. In economics, the only important factor to look at while determining the level of unemployment is the number of employees who are eager to work but who cannot find work. Unemployment refers to circumstances where there are unwanted job losses and willing workers without jobs. The jobless are those individuals who are currently unemployed but who are actively seeking jobs. A person cannot be referred to as unemployed when they are not looking for a job. Consequently, in economics, not everyone who is not employed is referred to…...

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References

Acocella, N., Bartolomeo, D., and Hibbs, DA., (2008), Labor market regimes and the effects of monetary policy, in: Journal of Macroeconomics, 30: 134-56.

Arestis, P., (1986), Wages and Prices in the UK: the post Keynesian view, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 8, 3, p339

Azariadis, C., (1975), Implicit contracts and unemployment equilibria, Journal of Political Economy 83, 6, 1183-1202.

Barlevi, G., (2001), Why Are the Wages of Job Changers so Procyclical? Journal of Labor Economics, 19, 837-878

Subway: The Labor Market
Demand for labor

The most obvious source of an increase of a demand for labor by an organization is an increase in the demand for the product or service provided by the firm. In the case of Subway, the organization provides both a product (food) and service (food preparation). When demand for sandwiches increases, the need for more workers to take orders, make sandwiches, clean the premises and mange the store will also increase. Another possible reason demand for labor might increase is a change in the types of goods and services offered. When Subway offered new types of sandwiches, such as hot hoagies or Panini, the more labor-intensive nature of such preparations may require an increase in workers (Carlinio n.d). Similarly, improvements in technology sometimes result in a decreased need for labor.

Is labor a fixed or variable cost in the short run? What are the fixed costs…...

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References

Bradley, Stephen. (2010). Who knows better? You or your customers? Retrieved:

 http://www.vanseodesign.com/marketing/who-knows-better/ 

Carlino, Bill. (n.d). Subway's hot sandwiches: quick thaw for cold days; chain's winter ad campaign spotlights hot selections. Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved:  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_n48_v23/ai_8185557/ 

Fast food careers. (2009). Kellogg Forum. Retrieved:

Economics
The labor market determines the price of labor (wages) at an equilibrium level. The number of workers in the market will be determined in part by the opportunity cost of not working. Thus, lower wages will mean that more workers will be voluntarily unemployed. As the supply of workers falls, it becomes lower than demand. Thus, firms will increase the wages in order to bring more workers back into the workforce. The point of natural unemployment, where no workers are voluntarily unemployed, is the long-run equilibrium point.

Prices are related to the equilibrium point because the cost of workers will be factored into the price of goods. In addition, the price of goods will impact the opportunity cost of being unemployed. Short-run equilibrium is achieved at any point where the price of goods is sufficiently high as to lower the opportunity cost of being unemployed that, in combination with higher wages,…...

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Works Cited:

No author. (2011). Labor markets and unemployment. University of Colorado. Retrieved February 1, 2011 from  http://www.colorado.edu/Economics/courses/econ2020/section5/section5.html

Statistics of the Labor Market (Miami: 2013 to 2015)
There are three metropolitan Divisions in Miami. These are identified separately as centers of employment in the larger Metropolitan area. The three areas added 61000 positions in the labor market. The situation was much better in 2014 because the three areas added 83000 jobs to the labor market. The market gained up to 38000 jobs from Miami-Miami Beach -- Kendall, while Beach-Deerfield Beach division added 2600 new jobs to the labor basket. aton-Delray beach division in West Palm Beach-Boca came on with 19000 jobs. Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall; which is the largest of the labor divisions constitutes 45% of all employment in the area. The region added 21000 new jobs from last September. The Beach Deerfield division at Fort Lauderdale Pompano produced 22-800 positions. This was 32% of the total positions. Boca-aton-Delray beach division in West Palm produced over 23% of all the work…...

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References

BLS.gov. (2015, November 3). Miami Area Employment -- September 2015. Retrieved from Bureau of labor Statisitics:  http://www.bls.gov/regions/southeast/news-release/areaemployment_miami.htm 

BLS.gov. (2016). Southeast - Labor Force Statistics. Retrieved february 8, 2016, from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics:  http://www.bls.gov/regions/southeast/data/xg-tables/ro4xg02.htm 

Marketinfo. (2013). LAUS 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2016, from Florida Department of Economic Opportunity:  http://www.floridajobs.org/labor-market-information

Working Experience in the Labor Market
Labor standards cover aspects like minimum wage, overtime pay, maximum and minimum work hours, statutory holidays and parental leave. They represent an employee's minimum labor rights -- a base below which organizations aren't allowed to go. They are essentially a collection of labor laws, which enable employees to protect personal time, have a better job-family balance, and receive a decent wage under acceptable working conditions. These standards hold significance for unionized workers as well, since they imply that the collective bargaining approach can help secure improvements above as well as beyond the minimum standards for all workers (Fairey).

Ever since the seventies, the Canadian industrial unionism has been experiencing a mounting crisis. Contrary to the post-war years of economic boom, real wage rise in Canada has undergone stagnation, combined with a union density decline in the sectors of mining, transportation and manufacturing. On the whole, the…...

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Bibliography

Fairey, David. ERODING WORKER PROTECTIONS. Vancouver: CCPA, 2005.

Heron, Craign. The Canadian Labour Movement: A Short History. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company, 1996.

Kealey, Gregory. "THE HONEST WORKINGMAN AND WORKERS9 CONTROL: The Experience of Toronto Skilled Workers, 1860-1892." 1975.

Right, Tessa and Anna Pollert. "The experiences of ethnic minority and migrant workers in hotels and restaurants: strategies and necessities." Working Lives Research Institute (2006).

administered to 50 respondents. The data obtained from these participants was credible for analysis since there were no substantive missing values. The questions were based on a Likert Scale that made it easier for participants to provide their responses and enhance reliability. Data obtained from this instrument was analyzed using descriptive statistics and measures. In this case, the researcher utilized Cross Tabulation analysis and Chi-Square analysis.
Participants' Demographics

This study had 50 respondents working in German and Swiss labor markets though the research was not restricted to participants from German or Swiss origins. Actually, the respondents were from different nationalities though they were working in German or Swiss labor markets as shown in the table below.

Table 1: Nationality of espondents

Nationality

Number of espondents

Percentage

German

14

28%

Swiss

6

12%

Italian

7

14%

Lebanese

2

4%

Indian

7

14%

English

2

4%

Spanish

3

6%

Polish

3

6%

Danish

2

4%

Georgian

2

4%

Salvadorean

1

2%

Lithuanian

1

2%

Source: Own Elaboration

The study respondents included C-level executives (CEOs, COOs, H Managers, H Advisors, Directors, Co-directors, Consultants, and Assistant Directors) who have worked in their respective companies for a period…...

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References

Aas, T.H. & Jorgensen, G., 2016. Open vs. Closed Innovation: Advancing the Debate. Proceedings of ISPIM Conferences, pp. 1-12.

Aranha, E. A., Garcia, N. P. & Correa, G., 2015. Open Innovation and Business Model: A Brazilian Company Case Study. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, pp. 91-98.

Brunswicker, S. & Ehrenmann, F., 2013. Managing Open Innovation in SMEs: A Good Practice Example of a German Software Firm. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, pp. 33-41.

Creswell, J.W 2014, "The selection of a research approach," in Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th ed., Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, pp.3-24.

Labor Negotiating Practices
The issue of labor negotiating practices is one of the most important issues that companies must address. This is because the sensitiveness of labor problems is reflected in their legal implications. The battle between employers and employees becomes more and more difficult and requires advanced negotiation skills.

Company's Stance towards Labor Issues

The company that is analyzed in this case is represented by the companies that joined their forces in order to purchase Twinkies and other important brands from Hostess in their attempt to invest in their revival. These companies are represented by Metropoulos and Co. And Apollo Global Management. The potential of these brands has been acknowledged by the two companies that are interested in opening up new production plants. This means that they will hire a large number of employees. However, the issue in this case is that these companies are not interested in allowing employees to develop…...

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Reference list:

1. Feintzeig, R. (2013). New Twinkie Maker Shuns Union Labor. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 20, 2013 from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324474004578443062380660262.html .

2. Farrell, J. (2013). Twinkies and Labor Unions: Explaining the Hostess Collapse. Retrieved May 21, 2013 from http://www.policymic.com/articles/19288/twinkies-and-labor-unions-explaining-the-hostess-collapse.

The more effective such systems of transport, the easier it is for labor to either to commute to work a fair distance from their home. Cities provide concentrated sources of labor that may not need to commute far distances. Also, the willingness of laborers to leave their home communities and relocate is an important cultural factor to remember, as well as the cost of transportation. Finally, in some areas, gas for cats is quite expensive, while public transportation is fairly cheap, which will affect labor patterns of migration and may be different than one might expect from one's experience in America.
Minorities:

Local attitudes to international companies, towards a diverse workforce, and to employing refugees may vary from country to country.

Labor market:

The diversity of the labor force, whether it is primarily skilled or unskilled, diverse or homogeneous in its ethnic, age, or skill composition will affect what types of laborers are…...

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Reference for Business. Business Encyclopedia. Published by Thomson, Inc. Available 21 Nov 2006 at  http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Gr-Int/International-Management.html

Goodyear which effectively denied employees the right to sue for wage discrimination after the passing of 180 days that "Justice Ruth ader Ginsberg was so incensed she read her scathing dissent aloud from the bench. She defended Lilly Ledbetter's right to sue her employer, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Inc. For pay discrimination on the basis of sex, giving a not-so-gentle reminder of the realities of the American workplace." (Steiger, 2007) Specifically written by Justice Ginsburg is that as follows:
worker knows immediately if she is denied a promotion or transfer, if she is fired or refused employment. And promotions, transfers, hirings, and firings are generally public events, known to co-workers. When an employer makes a decision of such open and definitive character, an employee can immediately seek out an explanation and evaluate it for pretext. Compensation disparities, in contrast, are often hidden from sight." (Steiger, 2007)

Steiger reports that the…...

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Bibliography

Abrams, Jim (2009) House Approves Bill to Fight Wage Discrimination. Yahoo News. 9 Jan 2009. Online available at  http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090109/ap_on_go_co/pay_equity 

Barko, N. (2000. June 19). The Other Gender Gap. (Online) Available  http://www.prospect.org/archives/V11-15/barko-n.html .

Bland, T.S. (1999, July). Equal Pay Enforcement Heats Up. HR Magazine, p. 138-145.

Bland, T.S., Nail, T.N., Knox, D.P. (2000, May). OFCCP, White House push comparable worth. HR News, p. 22-24.

Labor
The Department of Labor is present today to promote, foster and develop the welfare of the employees or the labor force in the United States. The labor system focuses on the improvement of the working conditions and the fulfillment of opportunities for more profitable employment. As it would be known, rules and regulations are there to keep things in order. Similarly, the Labor system in the country is guided by laws that guarantee the rights and privileges of the labor force of the country.

The Department of Labor has made laws concerning working conditions, minimum hourly wage, and freedom from employment discrimination, worker's compensation and unemployment insurance. The labor system also aids in job training programs and it helps workers find jobs. Everyone needs a decent source of income and if a person has some sort of skill or talent, they should definitely make use of it.

The basic feature of the…...

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References

Baron, J.N., Jennings, P.D. & Dobbin, F.R. (1988). Mission control? The development of personnel systems in us industry. American Sociological Review, pp. 497 -- 514.

Bronfenbrenner, K. (1996). Role of union strategies in nlrb certification elections, the. Indus. & Lab. Rel. Rev., 50 p. 195.

Democratizing the Global Economy: Empowering Workers, Building Democracy, Achieving Shared Prosperity. (2005). [e-book] Available through: AFL-CIO   [Accessed: 21 Feb 2014].http://www.aflcio.org/content/download/6904/74567/file/res_6.pdf 

Lindsey, A. (1964). The pullman strike. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press.

Topic 1: The Social Exclusion of Marginalized Groups

Essay Title: Unveiling the Hidden Toll: The Profound Impact of Social Exclusion on Marginalized Communities

Introduction:
In contemporary society, the insidious forces of social exclusion continue to cast a long shadow on the lives of marginalized groups. This essay delves into the multifaceted nature of social exclusion and its profound impact on these communities, shedding light on the systemic barriers, prejudices, and societal attitudes that perpetuate their marginalization. By exploring the lived experiences of those affected, we aim to unveil the hidden toll of exclusion and advocate for a more inclusive and equitable society.

Body:

1. Institutional....

1. "Self-checkout Technology: Revolutionizing the Retail Experience"

2. "The Pros and Cons of Self-Checkout Systems in Retail Stores"

3. "Efficiency and Convenience: Exploring the Benefits of Self-Checkout"

4. "Overcoming Challenges: Implementing Self-Checkout Effectively"

5. "Customer Empowerment and Independence: The Role of Self-Checkout"

6. "Improving Customer Experience through Self-Checkout Innovation"

7. "The Impact of Self-Checkout on Employment and Labor Market"

8. "Security and Privacy Concerns in Self-Checkout Systems"

9. "Promoting Sustainable Practices: Environmental Benefits of Self-Checkout"

10. "The Future of Retail: Self-Checkout and Technological Advances"
11. "Navigating the Self-Checkout Experience: Tips and Tricks for Success"
12. "Self-Checkout vs Traditional Checkout: A Comparative Analysis"
13. "The Psychology Behind Self-Checkout: Understanding Consumer Behavior"
14. "The Evolution....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of advancing technology and its impact on employment
B. Introduction of the topic and its relevance in today's society

II. The timeline of advancing technology and unemployment
A. Historical examples of technological advancements leading to job displacement
B. Predictions for future advancements and their potential impact on employment

III. Factors contributing to potential unemployability
A. Automation and artificial intelligence replacing human work
B. Globalization and outsourcing of jobs to cheaper labor markets
C. Skills gap and the need for retraining in a rapidly changing workforce

IV. Implications of widespread unemployability
A. Economic consequences of mass unemployment
B. Social and....

1. "From the Mailroom to the Boardroom: A Journey Through Social Stratification and Job Opportunities"

This title highlights the hierarchical nature of social structure and job opportunities, suggesting a progression from lower-status jobs to higher-status jobs. It also emphasizes the idea of social mobility, as individuals can potentially move up the ladder through hard work and dedication. The title is concise and descriptive, while also providing a clear framework for the essay.

2. "The Interplay of Class, Status, and Power in the Labor Market: How Social Structure Shapes Job Opportunities"

This title delves deeper into the sociological concepts of class, status, and power,....