For Horney, it is self-actualization that ultimately develops a healthy individual, wherein satisfaction of the basic needs of an individual, such as sense of belongingness and love, are satisfactorily met and felt by the individual. If these needs are not met, the individual can develop conflicting selves: the "ideal" and "real" selves, which creates an internal conflict within the individual. This conflict creates, not only dissatisfaction, but a general hatred of the 'real' self, especially if the person's perceived 'ideal' self dominates over the real one.
These ideas presented in Horney's psychoanalytical theories are noted to be attitudes and behavior displayed at its most extreme form by the individual. Although I do not exhibit extreme forms of this behavior, I consider myself to have had experienced "basic anxiety" as outlined in Horney's behavioral phases towards the development of neurosis.

As a college student, I am exposed to different pressures and stresses…...

Accounting for Neurosis
Karen Horney's work of non-fiction, Neurosis and Human Growth, is many different things. It is an astute analysis of the self -- both as it exists inwardly and externally. It is a comparative effort on some of the most eminent theories pertaining to Sigmund Freud. It also offers more than a little advice for how to account for life and the feelings of fulfillment and completeness towards which most people strive. In addressing all of these various aspects of human existence, the author relies on the conception of the neurotic as a fundamental starting point for how the self operates, what it accounts for, and how it ultimately plays out in the lives of any different number of individuals. This reliance on the neurotic as the touchstone for the author's myriad concepts discussed in this book function as the central takeaway of a work that actually spans in…...

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Works Cited

Horney, Karen. Neurosis and Human Growth. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. 1991. Print.

The second major category of neurosis consisted of the need to control those very desires, and so remain independent and even assert control over other people. This she called Moving Against People (Horney, 2003, p. 116). Horney had, from the beginning struck out on her path independent of her mentor, Abraham, and her indirect mentors Freud and Adler. Lastly, there was the desire to abandon the world altogether, or Moving Away From People (Horney, 2003, p. 117) Karen Horney had left her home in Europe behind, sundering close ties. America represented a new beginning.
Among those who embraced Karen Horney's ideas was the industrial psychologist Abraham Maslow. He was particularly attracted by Horney's point that human beings must be understood within the context of their culture and society (Maslow, 2000, p. 284).

Maslow was primarily concerned with the workings of organizations. Horney had thought much, in her own life, and in…...

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References

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=51253409 

Bohan, J.S. (Ed.). (1992). Seldom Seen, Rarely Heard: Women's Place in Psychology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77234360

Buhle, M.J. (1998). Feminism and Its Discontents: A Century of Struggle with Psychoanalysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Essay Topic Examples
Karen Horney's Contributions to sychology: Explore the significant contributions of Karen Horney to the field of psychology, emphasizing her challenges to Freud's theories, the development of her own theories on neurosis, and the introduction of feminine psychology. Discuss how her ideas progressed through her career and the impact they have had on the understanding of human psychology today.

Comparative Analysis of Karen Horney and Sigmund Freud's Theories: Analyze the fundamental differences and similarities between Karen Horney's and Sigmund Freud's psychological theories. Focus particularly on their theories of personality, the psyche, and the conceptualization of women in psychology. Evaluate how each has contributed to modern psychological thought and practice.

The Influence of Karen Horney's Theories on Gender Roles and Feminism: Investigate how Karen Horney's theories advanced the discourse on gender roles and feminism. Highlight her critique of male-centric views in psychoanalysis…...

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Primary Sources

Horney, Karen. \"The Neurotic Personality of Our Time.\" W. W. Norton & Company, 1937. Print.

Horney, Karen. \"Our Inner Conflicts: A Constructive Theory of Neurosis.\" W. W. Norton & Company, 1945. Print.

Horney, Karen. \"Feminine Psychology.\" W. W. Norton & Company, 1967. Print.

Horney, Karen. \"Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Towards Self-Realization.\" W. W. Norton & Company, 1950. Print.

Horney, Karen. \"Self-Analysis.\" W. W. Norton & Company, 1942. Print.

Psychosocial Development Theory
In the history of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was the first to delve into the unknown recesses of the human mind to identify reasons for neuroses. As such, he identified infantile sexuality to lie at the heart of most problems in the relationship with the self and others and used the three-dimensional model of the id, the ego, and superego to describe the various ways in which these neuroses manifested themselves. Today, many theorists use Freud's theories to build their own derivative theories. Even though many today reject some or most of the early philosopher's ideas, it is thanks to him that these theories have a reason for existence in themselves. Today, the theory known as psychosocial development bases many of its concepts on the early ideas conceptualized by Freud. As such, theorists like Erik Erikson, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney have developed their own concepts of what it…...

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References

Adler Graduate School. (2014). Alfred Adler: Theory and Application. Retrieved from:  http://www.alfredadler.edu/about/theory 

Beyers, W. And Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2010). Does Identity Precede Intimacy? Testing Erikson's Theory on Romantic Development in Emerging Adults of the 21st Century. Journal of Adolescent Research. 20(10). Retrieved from: https://biblio.ugent.be/input/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=941691&fileOId=967467

Davis, D. And Clifton, A. (n.d.) Psychosocial Theory: Erikson. Retrieved from:  http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.html 

Goodman, S.H., Connell, A.M., and Hall, C.M. (2011). Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review. Clinical Child Family Psychological Review. 14. Retrieved from: http://psych.colorado.edu/~willcutt/pdfs/Goodman_2011.pdf

The ideal self is the person, someone feels they should be and will model their behavior, based upon this image. The real self is the side of your personality that friends and family know well. This creates a conflict in the individual called self-actualization, as the person will attempt to live up to the image of their ideal self. Where, these perceptions will affect the self-image of the individual throughout their life. (Gentile, 2008)
Evelyn Hooker

Evelyn Hooker conducted the first scientific experiment on male homosexuality. Where, she would survey both heterosexuals and homosexuals, to determine if homosexuals have trouble adjusting to various social circumstances. The effects of the survey were: homosexuals have no difference in adjusting to social situations in comparison with heterosexuals. As a result, this information would help to provide a research methodology that would be used in the future, to understand homosexual behavior. (Gentile, 2008)

Thomas Szasz

In his…...

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Bibliography

Gentile, B. (2008). Foundation of Psychological Thought. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.

ersonality Theory
Neurosis in the workplace and in society in general

This essay discusses with regard to neurosis and to the degree to which it can affect a person. The paper relates to how the contemporary society has a somewhat limited understanding of the concept and concerning how the fact that many mental health specialists consider the matter to be outdated does not help neurotic individuals and people around them. There are a multitude of topics that one can associate with neurosis and by comprehending what it entails and strategies that one can take with the purpose to reduce the influence that its symptoms have on individuals and environments they interact with, one can successfully combat the condition.

Neurosis in the workplace is a sensible issue, as it would be difficult for a coworker to simply diagnose one of his or her colleagues or to go as far as to attempt to…...

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Parker, S., Dewberry, J., Lloyd, B., & Smith, J.R., "Moving Away, Against and Toward God: Karen Horney's Neurotic Trends and Relationship to God." Journal of Psychology and Christianity 2009, Vol. 28, No. 1, 36-43.

Rubin, J. "KAREN HORNEY AT 125 BUILDING ON SOLID GROUND." The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 2010, 70, (3 -- 9) © 2010 Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis 0002-9548/10

Sugarman, A. "WHATEVER HAPPENED TO NEUROSIS? WHO ARE WE ANALYZING? AND HOW?." Psychoanalytic Psychology Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 2007, Vol. 24, No. 3, 409 -- 428 0736-9735/07/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0736-9735.24.3.409.

Gender and Culture Gender is an important and essential construct in human beings. Throughout generations gender has remained central to the family unit. Normative conditions have always dictated perceptions and expectation with respect to the masculinity of men and femininity of women. Authors like Butler have argued that gender is not an automatic or mechanical construct and that gender authoring should be acceptable and normal. Factually speaking gender is a huge aspect of life that determines how people are recognized and accepted. In the film Zerophilia, Luke struggles with identity due to his condition that allows him to switch between genders after an orgasm. Borrowing from the Film, any unique gender construct will inevitably cause a lot of confusion and possibly affect the life of the victim negatively. This discourse analyzes the different perspectives concerning gender from Butler, Woolf and Horney. It will be deduced that gender fundamentally influences the position,…...

Introduction Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic, transpersonal, and existential (HTE) psychology are the three primary movements in the study of the human experience. Each of these movements uses different research methodologies and epistemologies, and each focuses on different aspects of the human experience. Moreover, each of these movements presents unique therapeutic interventions and goals in the field of psychology. With each having contributed tremendously to the social sciences, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychology can also be integrated for a richer understanding of human consciousness and the human condition. Historical context of the science and practice of psychology helps illuminate the field’s core values.
Historical Context and Rationale
Although inquiries into the human experience can be traced through the disciplines of philosophy and religion, the first scientific, empirical studies of human nature and behavior began more concertedly in the nineteenth century. William Wundt opened the first real laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychology in 1879, signifying…...

The major criticisms of Freud's Theory thought that it was difficult to test and there was too much emphasis on Biology.

Humanistic Theory- was developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow and emphasizes the internal experiences such as feelings and thoughts and the individual's feelings of worth. It believes that humans are naturally good and have a positive drive towards their own self-fulfilment. Rogers was most interested in the interaction between mental health, self-concept and self-esteem. Maslow believed that every person has an in-born drive to develop all their talents and capacities and calls this self-actualization. The critics of this theory felt that it is naive to assume that all people are good and think it takes a narrow view of personality.

Social-Cognitive Theory- by Albert Bandura believes that personality comes from the person's history of interaction with the environment. He believes that self-efficacy comes from having a strong belief that you…...

In this regard, Demorest concludes that, "Together these and other theorists have provided accounts of what it means to be a person that all fit within the psychodynamic paradigm, a perspective that holds a vision of people as at their core driven by dynamic forces in their unconscious minds" (2005, p. 3).
Freud's influence on psychoanalytic thought, though, required some time to take hold and many of his methods were rejected outright by the contemporary medical establishment, particularly in the United States. For example, following Freud's only trip to North America in 1909, one psychiatrist believed that, "Many patients were psychotically disturbed and deemed to be beyond the reach of Freud's intellectual 'talk therapy'" (Beam, 2001, p. 94). Not only did others think that Freud's methods were not appropriate for some patients, Freud himself acknowledged their limitations. In fact, Beam points out as well that, "Freud himself thought most schizophrenics…...

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References

Beam, A. (2001). Gracefully insane: The rise and fall of America's premier mental hospital.

New York: Public Affairs.

Cherry, K. (2010). Freud's patients and therapy. About.com: Psychology. Retrieved from  http://psychology.about.com/od/sigmundfreud/ig/Sigmund-Freud-Photobiography/Freud-s-Patients-and-Therapy.htm .

Demorest, A. (2005). Psychology's grand theorists: How personal experiences shaped professional ideas. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Also, later theorists were more inclined to analyze the human person, not in pathological or arrested state, but in a normal state. The input of theorists such as Karen Horney and Erik Erikson during the early part of the 20th century stressed human development from infancy to adulthood and the development of human society from a 'primitive' or collective state to today's more individualistic culture. However, theorists such as Karl Jung still made use of Freud's theory of the unconscious, even while Jung was more apt to stress the need to understand the collective unconscious, the social collective memory.
It is interesting to note that Jung's 20th century analysis of personality types incorporated older ideas about how body types and humors affect one's personality, for example whether one is a bold type, and the high-strung type, for example -- which Jung called degrees of personal extroversion or introversion. But because…...

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Works Cited

Myers, Daniel. (2003) Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers.

Housing Support on Teenager Parents
Housing Support on Teenagers

The Impacts of Housing Support on Teenagers Parent in United Kingdom

UK leads Europe in teenage pregnancies in Western Europe with 35,966 conceptions in the under 18s in 2009. Majority of these unplanned pregnancies are the cause and consequence of social exclusion in UK. (UNICEF, 2001) There are 90K teenagers under 20 years and 8k under 16-year's pregnancies in England each year; it is the highest rate in Western Europe (SEU, 1999).

Teenage pregnancy can take place before first menstrual period (12or 13 years), which can result into pregnancy but usually occurs between 13 to 20 years of age. The National Health Services spends over £63 million a year on teenage pregnancies in UK. (Dennison, 2004).

Teenage parenthood is a serious social problem; it has adverse effects on parents and children. These young mothers have greater chances of being poor, less educated, unemployed and socially isolated.…...

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Bibliography

Botting, B., Rosato, M. And Wood, R. (1998). Teenage mothers and the health of their children. ONS Population Trends 93: 19-28.

Dennison, C. (2004) Teenage pregnancy: An overview of the research evidence, London: Health Development Agency.

DfES (2006a)"Teenage Pregnancy: Accelerating the Strategy to 2010," DfES, Nottingham.

James R. Rest (1986), "Moral Development Advances in Research and Theory," published by Praeger, New York.

Congregational CareIntroductionThe biblical idea of the shepherd is integrally related to congregational care in the Christian tradition: The Lord is my shepherd, states the psalmist (Psalm 23:1); I am the good shepherd, Jesus teaches his disciples (John 10:11). Christian leaders assumed the position and identity of shepherds in the early church, tending to the member of their congregations like a shepherd does for his sheep. Similarly, the phrase care clarifies the central idea of congregational ministry: attentive concern for others. Affection, solicitude, companionship, and protection are all aspects of caring for someone. Congregational care still connotes these early concerns in todays society, albeit in different forms. To put it simply, Congregational care is a religious concern for another. It is one of the most prominent works on religious leadership from an institutional standpoint (McClure, 2012). As a result of its importance in religious leadership, this paper discusses the need for…...

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BibliographyA??lkaya-?ahin, Z. (2018). Bridging pastoral psychology and positive psychology. Ilahiyat Studies: A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies, 183-210.Allchin, T. (2021). 5 Benefits of Training Your Leaders in Care and Counselling. Biblical Counselling Center. Retrieved from   P. (1982). What is pastoral. Critical Inquiry, 8(3),437 – 460American Association of Christian Counselors, (2022). Home. Retrieved from  http://www.aacc.net/ Aryeh, D. N. A. (2019). “Pastoral Training and Ministry: A Continuous Pastoral Formation.” In D. A. Leeming (ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.Brunsdon, A. R. (2014). A three musketeering approach to pastoral care: Reflections on collaboration between pastoral care, narrative therapy, and positive psychology. Verbum et Ecclesia, 35(1), 1-9.Chaney, C., Shirisia, L., & Skogrand, L. (2016). “Whatever God Has Yoked Together, Let No Man Put Apart:” The Effect of Religion on Black Marriages. Western Journal of Black Studies, 40(1).Crabb, L. (1978). Effective biblical counseling: A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors. Zondervan.Draper, T. (1990). Meeting of seminary rectors. The Furrow, 41(7/8), 448 – 452Duffy, E. (1992). I will give you Shepherds: The formation of priests. The Furrow, 597-606.Hiltner, S. (1950a). Mr. Hiltner Accepts. Congregational Psychology 1(4): 5-8.Hiltner, S. (1950b). The Meaning of Congregational Psychology. Congregational Psychology 1(4): 7-8.Johnson, J. N. (2019). Equipping Lay Leaders with Biblical Counseling Skills at Redeemer Church. (Doctorate Thesis; Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary).Mayhue, M. L. (1995). “Discovering pastoral ministry.” In J. MacArthur Jr., M. L. Mayhue, & R. L. Thomas(Eds.), Rediscovering pastoral ministry: Shaping con-temporary ministry with biblical mandates (p. 3 – 18). London: Word Publishing Inc.McClure, B. (2012). “Chapter 25: Congregational care.” In B. J. Miller-McLemore, (Ed.). The Wiley-Blackwell companion to practical theology, John Wiley & Sons. 269-278.Plunkett, D. P. (2014). The Black church, values, and secular counseling: Implications for counselor education and practice. Counseling and Values, 59(2), 208-221.Robertson, D. L., & Avent, J. R. (2016). African American Counselors?in?Training, the black church, and lesbian?, gay?, and Bisexual?Affirmative counseling: Considerations for counselor education programs. Counseling and Values, 61(2), 223-238.Seligman, M. E. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Simon and Schuster.Stollberg, D. (1978). Wahrnehmen und Annehmen: Seelsorge in Theorie und Praxis. Gütersloh: Mohn.Thornton, S.G. (2002). Broken yet Beloved: A Congregational Theology of the Cross. St. Louis: Chalice Press.White, E. G. (1995). Pastoral ministry. Ministerial Association General Conference of Seventh-Day-Adventists. Silver Spring: General Conference Ministerial Association.Wimberly, E. P. (1979). Pastoral care in the black church. Abingdon.https://biblicalcounselingcenter.org/5-benefits-of-training-your-leaders/ Alpers,

S., experts estimate the genuine number of incidents of abuse and neglect ranges three times higher than reported. (National Child Abuse Statistics, 2006) in light of these critical contemporary concerns for youth, this researcher chose to document the application of Object elation, Attachment Theories, and Self-Psychology to clinical practice, specifically focusing on a patient who experienced abuse when a child. Consequently, this researcher contends this clinical case study dissertation proves to be vital venture, which will contribute to enhancing research in the field of psychology.
For this clinical case study dissertation exploring Object elation, Attachment Theories, and Self-Psychology, along with researching information for the application of these theories to clinical practice, this researcher answered the following research questions.

esearch Questions

What is Winnicott's elational Model Theory?

What is Bowlby's Attachment Theory?

What is Kohut's Self-Psychology?

How may components of these three theories be applied to the clinical case chosen for this clinical case study dissertation's focus?

Enhancing…...

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References

American Psychiatric Association, (2004). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Test Revised. Washington DC.

Blatt, S. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclytic and introjective depression. New York: International University Press.

Bowlby, J. (1969) Attachment. Volume One of Attachment and Loss, New York: Basic

Books.