Kansas City Preventive patrol study? 2) Define "evidence-based policing" 3) Describe relationship broken window theory criminality community oriented policing? 4) Saturation patrol displaces crimes.
The Kansas experiment in policing revealed that, despite different levels of routine preventive patrol, crime committing remained constant. This is to say that, in areas where police officers merely responded to calls, the level of crimes did not increase. Neither did it decrease in areas where police patrols were either doubled or tripled. Moreover, the study registered that, where police visibility was maintained at its usual level, there were also no differences in crime committing. The experiment revealed similar results in regards to civilians' feelings of public safety. The study was sought to indicate that officers' work time can be exploited in various other relevant directions, since not having them on patrol missions did not enhance crime action.

Because research alone has, for a long time now,…...

4. Do some police departments still engage in the "aggressive preventative patrol" strategies that led to the urban riots of the 1960s and the publishing of the 1968 Kerner Commission eport? Are there any similarities or differences between those strategies and the strategies used in the Kansas City Gun Experiment?

One could argue that on other issues, any sting operation, such as those conducted on specified geographic locations for street prostitution or drug enforcement or even electronic crime stings is a model similar to this, as the officers are focusing specifically on one issue and are not required, during operations to answer traditional patrol calls. Though, this model is more a future deterrent model than a prevention model. iots occur as a result of whole groups of individuals feeling particularly targeted, rather than protected by police. Harassment is a highly interpretive concept and issues such as, racial profiling or random traffic…...

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References

Brezina, T., & Wright, J.D. (2000). Going Armed in the School Zone. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 15(4), 82.

Conforti, J.M. (1973). Newark: Ghetto or City?. In Ghetto Revolts, Rossi, P.H. (Ed.) (pp. 59-86). New Brunswick, NJ E.P. Dutton.

Louden, R.J. (2005). Policing Post-9/11. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 32(4), 757.

Schwabe, W., Davis, L.M., & Jackson, B.A. (2001). Challenges and Choices for Crime-Fighting Technology: Federal Support of State and Local Law Enforcement. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.

As abortion became more available, "the decline in the birth of unwanted, often poor and fatherless children in the '70s led to a decline in the number of juvenile delinquents in the '80s and hardened criminals in the '90s' (Brooks 2006).
The logic behind broken windows theory is thus: "fighting the seemingly minor indicators of neighborhood decay and disorder-broken windows, graffiti, even litter-helps prevent major crimes" (Brooks 2006). Broken windows theory suggests that visual 'clues' that the neighborhood is 'bad' results in criminals perpetrating actual crimes, and then more serious crimes. "Kelling and ilson conjured a vision of untended neighborhoods quickly reduced to crime-infested wastelands. First local boys rob a passed-out drunk on a lark; then muggers start robbing anyone who looks like he might have a few big bills in his wallet. Residents begin to view their neighborhood as unsafe, and retreat into their homes-or to the suburbs-abandoning the…...

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Works Cited

Brook, Daniel. "The cracks in broken windows theory." The Boston Globe. February 19, 2006.

[September 14, 2011]  http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/02/19/the_cracks_in_broken_windows/ 

Hunter, Andrea. "Marijuana a 'gateway drug?'" CBS News. September 2, 2011.

[September 14, 2011]  http://www.cbsnews.com /8301-504763_162-20015429-10391704.html

City of Alexandria -- Time Series Data
Tufte (2001) and other ambassadors of the visual display of data have shown us how easily it is to understand complex data when it is graphically represented in ways that our minds are designed to understand. Tufte argues that "experience with the analysis of data…is essential for achieving precision and grace in the presence of statistics, .but even textbook of graphical design are silent about how to think about numbers" (Tufte, 2001, p. 104). Tufke remarks, that "Illustrators too often see their work as an exclusively artistic enterprise -- the words "creative," "concept," and "style" combine regularly in all possible permutations -- a Big Think jargon for the small task of constructing a time-series a few data points long" (Tufte, 2001, p. 204). Visual display of data has other uses than simply an elegant way to view, appreciate, and analyze data. The process of…...

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References

Averch, H.A. (XXX). Chapter 10 Using expert judgment. [In XXXX].

Gladwell, M. (2007, November 12). Dangerous minds: Criminal profiling made easy. The New Yorker.

Miller, J.E. (2005). The Chicago guide to writing about multivariate analysis. Chicago, Il.: University of Chicago Press.

Meier,, K.J., Brudney, J.L., and Bohte, J. (2005). Applied statistics for public and nonprofit Administration, 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadsworth.

Farm Report in Kansas
Terry Carey is a very famous local farmer in Kansas City. She deals with horticultural farm produce such as apples, ornamental corn, popcorn, water melons, cucumbers, winter squash and pumpkins with pumpkins being her major crop. Pumpkins are generally warm-loving crops therefore she plants them in June and they are often ready by September or mid-October. The size of her farm is 1,025 acres where she normally tries to distribute all the crops that she grows evenly on the land. However during the period between June and September she dedicates her entire farm to pumpkins and leaves out other crops. She plants mainly two varieties on her farm which are the giant ones that are greater that 20lb in size known as prize winner. This one takes 120 days to mature and they have a good color and shape. The second variety she plants is Jack-o'Lantern which…...

NEA delivers bad news to Kansas Arts Commission," when the epublican governor of Kansas Sam Brownback denied funding to the Kansas Arts Commission, the governor set into action a chain of events that made the Arts Commission ineligible for matching federal funds from the National Endowment of the Arts. According to federal regulation, the Kansas Arts Commission must show that it is supported financially by the state to receive money from the NEA. Brownback, an ideological conservative, defended his action by saying that the Kansas Arts Commission should rely upon private sources of funding. However, his decision means that the Arts Commission must now 'make up' for the loss in funds, not just of state dollars from budget cuts, but also of federal dollars as well. "Mid-America Arts Alliance, a private group based in Kansas City, Mo., [plans] to cut off funds as well" (Hanna 2011).
Brownback did not eliminate…...

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References

Hanna, John. (2011). NEA delivers bad news to Kansas Arts Commission. LJ World.

Retrieved November 28, 2011 at  http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/oct/27/nea-delivers-bad-news-kansas-arts-commission/?kansas_legislature 

NEA funding for Kansas? (2011). Arts USA. Retrieved November 28, 2011 at  http://www.artsusa.org/news/afta_news/default.asp

OZ and Transition
The izard of Oz provides Americans with a text that helps them make the transition from the country to the city and sets the stage for the commodified American popular culture of the 20th century. This paper will show how, thanks to its pristine (Emerald) beauty and adventurous episodes, Oz makes "the city" much more appealing than the muted, old-fashioned of America. It will also explain why Dorothy returns to Kansas (someone has to take back home the message of how amazing "the city" is).

Baum's Oz shows that everyman can become a king if he pursues his own desires: thus, the Scarecrow is awarded leadership over the Emerald City, the Tinman leadership over inkie County, and the Cowardly Lion kingship over the forest. Each character, of course, rises to meet his own personal challenge -- but, nonetheless, these are clear examples of how the American Dream is perfectly…...

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Works Cited

Baum, F. The Wizard of Oz. Chicago, IL: George M. Hill Company, 1900.

Corey, Lecture

Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. NY: Random House, 1952.

Jones, E. Michael. Sexual Liberation and Political Control. South Bend, IN: St.

Hyatt Walkway Collapse
The Kansas City Hyatt Regency walkways collapse resulted in a toll of 114 dead and an additional 200 injured, not to mention the million of dollars lost. The accident was caused by the failure of connections between the second and fourth walkways across the atrium, which resulted in these collapsing onto the crowd in the first-floor atrium below. Of course, someone had to be responsible for the death toll and the accident caused and I will be listing the characters involved and their part of guilt in the accident.

Responsible character number 1: the owner (the future beneficiary). As it has been mentioned, in October 1979, when the hotel was still under construction, a collapse had already occurred as over 2700 feet of atrium roof fell due to a "a roof connection failure." As a direct consequence of this collapse, the engineering firm that was handling the design "promised…...

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Bibliography

1.  

JAZZ: KANSAS CITY AFTER-HOURS CLUS IN THE 1930S & THEIR CONTRIUTION TO JAZZ
The objective of this work is to examine the question of what would have happened to jazz if there had been a crackdown on illegal "after hour" clubs in Kansas City in the 1930s? Toward this end, this work will examine the literature in this area of study.

In the 1930s, while the rest of the United States and its cities were in the grips of The Depression, Kansas City was churning out jazz all night long. Kansas City was for all intents and purposes under the control of a local politician/mob boss/entrepreneur in the form of Jim Pendergrast who upon dying passed his power to his brother who was not as honest or ethical as Jim but who sustained an economic boom in Kansas City right in the middle of The Depression.

Where Did Jazz Get Its Versatility?

In…...

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Bibliography

Pearson, Nathan W. (1994) Going to Kansas City. University of Illinois Press 1994.

Erenberg, Lewis A. (1999) Swingin' the Dream: Big Band Jazz and the Rebirth of American Culture. University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Ogren, Kathy J. (1992) The Jazz Revolution: Twenties America and the Meaning of Jazz. Oxford University Press U.S., 1992

Driggs, Frank and Haddix, Chuck (2005) Kansas City jazz: from ragtime to bebop-- a history. Oxford University Press U.S., 2005

Directly approach wealthy individuals in Kansas City and solicit direct gifts or memorial gifts.

In addition, there are some well-known Kansas City philanthropists, as well as new members of the Fortune 1000, who will be identified by PKC Associates and invited to help establish the endowment.

The benefits of becoming a founder of or significant contributor to the Friends of Shuttlecocks' endowment will be explained to the potential donors. These include:

Naming opportunities. They may be named for donors, loved ones, favorite faculty or staff.

Fulfillment of mission. One of the most important reasons a donor establishes a planned gift.

Permanence. Endowments allow permanent support for future longevity of the charity.

Challenge. Endowment minimums offer an attractive challenge to those who understand the value of such thresholds.

Participation. Families, friends, and associates may contribute to a fund in honor of an individual.

Living Memorial. The idea of supporting functioning programs can be as appealing as a name on…...

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References

Addressing Association Challenges With Internet-based Solutions. (2000) Association Management, September 1. Retrieved 2 December 2004 from www.highbeam.com.

Rosenberg, Bridget. (2001) Endowments.(charities need to market benefits of long-term giving) the Non-profit Times, January 1. Retrieved 2 December 2004 from www.highbeam.com.

obert ay Courtney
Case Background

In 1998, One of obert Courtney's sales employees, Eli Lilly, noticed inconsistencies between the quantity of the cancer drug Gemzar that Courtney shipped in and the amount he sold. Lilly upon investigation of the issue was unsuccessful in unearthing any evidence of illegality and concluded the issue without further action. Two years later, Eli mentioned the issue to a medical practitioner who worked in the same building who was also a customer. This medical practitioner, working as an oncologist took a sample of the medication for testing and the results revealed that the prescription was diluted, she notified authorities. It is estimated that Courtney diluted almost 100,000 prescriptions between 1990 and 2001, which were administered to over 4000 patients. In 2002, he was sentenced to 30 years in prison after pleading guilty to 20 counts of tampering and adulterating the chemotherapy drugs Taxol and Gemzar. He also…...

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Reference

Draper, R. (2003, June 8). The Toxic Pharmacist. New York Times. .

Montgomery, R., & Stearns, M. (2001, August 15). Pharmacist's supporters describe 'compassionate,' 'honorable' man. The Kansas City Star.

New York Times. (2002, December 6). 30-Year Sentence For Druggist. New York Times.

Southeast Missourian. (2001, August 20). Pharmacist Filled Niche Market. Southeast Missourian.

1.  Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory states that every individual has different levels of needs that must be met for them to reach their ultimate potential. The basic level includes the necessities of life, such as food, clothing, and shelter, while the more advanced levels require such things as positive social relationships and self-esteem. An officers job can be difficult, especially over a number of years. The reality that most officers eventually face is how to deal with stress and staying motivated. Applying Maslow's model can be beneficial to ensure that as many officers needs are as possible so that they can be resilient in their roles and maintain a positive attitude.

2.  Herzberg's Hygiene/Motivators Theory

The hygiene/motivators theory considers satisfaction on two different dimensions. Factors such as salary, benefits, work environment, and others may lead to a satisfied officer who is not necessarily a motivated one. Motivation…...

In addition, after the Kansas City Patrol Experiment, the police department noted that it was going to develop a directed patrol system to help control and prevent crime in the city. This was a direct result of what the study found, that routine patrols did not help deter and prevent crime, and that other patrol methods, such as random or direct patrols, were better at deterring crimes, especially in certain hot spots in the city. Thus, the study showed that policing can have a positive affect on a city's crime rate, and it also showed that effective community involvement, combined with direct patrol, can be a serious deterrent to crime, especially in areas of known and continued criminal activity.

eferences

Kelling, George L., Pate, Tony, Dieckman, Duane, and Brown, Charles E. The Kansas City

Preventive Patrol Experiment: A Summary eport. Washington DC: Police Foundation, 1974.

Sherman, Lawrence W., Gartin, Patrick , and Buerger, Michael…...

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References

Kelling, George L., Pate, Tony, Dieckman, Duane, and Brown, Charles E. The Kansas City

Preventive Patrol Experiment: A Summary Report. Washington DC: Police Foundation, 1974.

Sherman, Lawrence W., Gartin, Patrick R, and Buerger, Michael E. "Hot Spots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place." Criminology, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1989. 27-55.

3). How exactly did he get caught? After learning that it was possible that Courtney was diluting medications, the FBI and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) arranged a sting. In the sting, one of Courtney's customers (Hunter) ordered six prescriptions from Research Medical Tower Pharmacy (Courtney's company); the results of the tests on those drugs showed that "each had been diluted to between 17 and 39% of the required dosage" (Draper, p. 3).
The customer named Hunter than ordered two more prescriptions of Gemzar and one of Taxol. Soon the results from the FDA tests showed the "concentration levels had been reduced to 28%, 24% and virtually zero," Draper explains. A few days later the FBI "swarmed the pharmacy"; in the federal officers' car outside his building Courtney was asked how the doses of cancer drugs could have been so drastically diluted. "I don't understand," he replied. The Times'…...

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Works Cited

Draper, Robert. (2003). The Toxic Pharmacist. The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2011,

From  http://www.nytimes.com .

Freed, Josh. (2009). Thousands of Diluted Drug Doses. CBS News. Retrieved July 24, 2011,

From  http://www.cbsnews.com .

Psychology
In the 1950's in Kansas City married couples ages 40 through 90 were put through a series of psychological tests to gain insight into the optimal idea of aging (USC, 2010). The Kansas City study lent to the idea of the disengagement theory which states that optimally aging adults gradually withdraw from society and social obligations as they age. Cumming and Henry, whom devised the disengagement theory, argued that the theory sufficiently explained why the elderly reduce their workload, social interactions, amount of new activities, and seem to have increased wisdom (USC, 2010). One suggested reasoning for adults' disengagement in life is because of the departure from society that takes place with death. In order to reduce emotional pain, many adults attempt to sever ties with friends and loved ones beforehand (USC, 2010). The other possibility is that lessening social obligations and commitments essentially frees elderly people as they age…...

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Reference List

The Psychology of Aging. (2009) University of Southern California. .

F. De Fruyt, R.R. McCrae, Z. Szirmak, & J. Nagy (2004). The Five-factor Personality

Inventory as a measure of the Five-factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO-PI-R. NCBI Vol. 11 (3), 207-15.

Belsky, J. (1999). The Psychology of Aging: Theory, Research, and Interventions. Grove,

Do Teenage Curfews Decrease Crime Rates and Improve Public Safety?
The implementation of teenage curfews has been a controversial topic for many years, with proponents arguing that they enhance public safety and deter juvenile crime, while opponents maintain that they infringe upon the rights of youth and are ineffective in reducing criminal activity. While research on this issue has produced mixed results, the weight of evidence suggests that teenage curfews have a limited impact on crime rates and may even have negative consequences for young people.
Arguments in Favor of Teenage Curfews
Reduce Juvenile Crime: Proponents of curfews argue that they reduce....