Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative
Innumerable advancements and innovations have profoundly contributed to the betterment of the lives of the human race in the twenty first century. This trend of progression is surging ahead at a rapid pace; however, it is very unfortunate to declare that many of the social dilemmas also exist in this industrialized world that is making millions of residents suffer from its drastic outcomes. While taking the country of United States into consideration, the facts and figures statistical records apparently reveal the information that the nation is full of culturally diverse people that belong to different racial and ethnic groups (Holman & Ziedenberg, 2013).

In this diverse society, juvenile violence and crime has become one of widespread as well as prominent social issue with grave consequences. Due to the elevated crime rate (amongst the juveniles) within the country, detention is one of critical phases in the justice process, where…...

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References

Armour, J. & Hammond, S. (2009). Minority Youth in the Juvenile Justice System - Disproportionate Minority Contact. National Conference of State Legislatures -- The Forum of America's Idea. Retrieved from:  http://www.ncsl.org/print/cj/minoritiesinjj.pdf 

Austin, J., Johnson, K.D. & Weitzer, R. (2005). Alternatives to the Secure Detention and Confinement of Juvenile Offenders. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Retrieved from:  https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/208804.pdf 

Holman, B. & Ziedenberg, J. (2013). The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities. Justice Policy Institute. Retrieved from:  http://www.unicef.org/ceecis/REP-Danger_of_Detention_JJ.pdf 

Roberts, A.R. (2004). Juvenile Justice Sourcebook: Past, Present, and Future: Past, Present, and Future. USA: Oxford University Press.

Following an investigations there were findings that certain violations were evident and specifically those relating to failure to protect confined juveniles from harm; failure to address incidences of youth violence due to inadequate supervision; failure to protect juveniles confined from participation in sexual activity; and excessive use of physical force, among other serious violations all clearly in violation of professional standards and conduct.

Discussion

The interview in this work in combination with the literature reviewed highlight the importance of the role of the individual or agency responsible for ensuring that professional standards of conduct are met among those who work with the Juvenile Justice Affairs in a given county in any U.S. state.

ibliography

Letter to Honorable Mitch Daniels, Governor, State of Indiana (2005) Investigation of the Correctional facility, Indiana. Online available at: http://www.justice.gov/crt/split/documents/split_indiana_plainfield_juv_findlet_9-9-05.pdf

Richie, rooke (2009) Department of Justice Finds Serious Constitutional Violations at State Juvenile Facilities. Examiner. 20 Sept. 2009. Online available at:…...

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Bibliography

Letter to Honorable Mitch Daniels, Governor, State of Indiana (2005) Investigation of the Correctional facility, Indiana. Online available at: http://www.justice.gov/crt/split/documents/split_indiana_plainfield_juv_findlet_9-9-05.pdf

Richie, Brooke (2009) Department of Justice Finds Serious Constitutional Violations at State Juvenile Facilities. Examiner. 20 Sept. 2009. Online available at:  http://www.examiner.com/x-21171-NY-Public-Policy-Examiner~y2009m9d20-Department-of-Justice-finds-serious-constitutional-violations-at-State-juvenile-facilities 

Mendocino County Government. Class Specification Class Title: Sheriff's Captain Class Code: 75226 Department: Sheriff Flsa Status: E. Reports To: Sheriff Date: 04/05. Prepared by Slavin Management Consultants for Mendocino County Government, 1999. Revised 4/05 Sheriff's Captain Class Specification Class Code: 75223-Page 2 Prepared by Slavin Management Consultants for Mendocino County Government, 1999. Revised 4/05. Online available at:

.co. mendocino.ca.us/hr/cgi-bin/spec/75226_sheriffs_captain.pdfhttp://www

Most boys stay fourteen days or less. Some are held while they are waiting for a bed in a treatment center. Some boys are bailed out by their parents and in other cases they are released by the judge. It depends on several factors, including the age of the offender, the level of crime, and whether it is a first or repeat offense. Eighty percent of cases do not go to trial; attorneys are usually able to work out a plea deal.
Offenses range from relatively minor, such as shoplifting, to felony offences such as home invasion, rape and even murder. Every youth is screened before coming to the unit. Low-level offenders who are non-violent, who are not sex offenders, who are not fire-setters, and not considered a flight risk are placed in foster homes. The boys can refuse to go to a foster home and come to the detention…...

Juvenile Detention Standards
Juvenile Delinquency

Identification

The article by Livers & Kehoe (2012) is quite contemporary and that is one of the main themes of the article. The subject of their research lies in the standards of juvenile detention centers and facilities. They focus upon the history of corrections, the history of juvenile corrections, and the history of the standards of juvenile corrections. In American history, the history of juvenile corrections begins in the first quarter of the 20th century. The American corrections system originated in the 19th century, seeing a great deal of change and evolution during its more than a century of history. Livers & Kehoe discuss the organizations and agencies that influenced the development and philosophy practiced in juvenile detention centers. They plot a clear timeline of juvenile corrections history and provide transparent explanations of the direct contributions made by advocacy & administrative groups to establish, maintain, and constantly revise…...

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References:

Department of Justice: Office of the Federal Detention Trustee. (2011). Juvenile Federal Performance-Based Detention Standards Handbook. Department of Justice, Web, Available from: 2013 February 15.http://www.justice.gov/ofdt/juvenile.pdf.

Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs -- Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2013). Correctional Facilities. Department of Justice, Web, Available from:   2013 February 15.http://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/progTypesCorrectional.aspx .

Livers, M., & Kehoe, C.J. (2012). Juvenile Detention and Corrections Standards: Looking Back and Ahead. Corrections Today, 74(1), 35 -- 38.

And since those who are forced into detention are disproportionately African-American, the problems caused by the detention of juveniles is particularly acute in the African-American community. The effects of detention have been researched and discovered to be detrimental to the safety and mental health of the juvenile, as well as increase the chance of recidivism. Therefore, any solution to the problem of juvenile detention will be proportionately beneficial to the African-American community.
The most effective solution to the problem of juvenile delinquency seems to be the new alternative programs developed during the early part of the 21st century. Juvenile Drug Court Programs have given many juvenile offenders the help and support needed to become productive members of society. Programs like Detention Diversion Advocacy Program (DDAP), in which 56% of their juvenile clients were African-American, have evolved into an effective means by which juveniles can transform their delinquent lives into good,…...

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References

Austin, James, Kelly Dedel Johnson, and Ronald Weitzer. (2005). "Alternatives to the Secure Detention and Confinement of Juvenile Offenders." U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Retrieved from  https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/208804.pdf 

Cooper, Caroline. (2001). "Juvenile Drug Court Programs." U.S. Department of Justice: Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program. Retrieved from  https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/184744.pdf 

"Core Values." (n.d.) St. Leo University Webpage. Retrieved from  http://www.saintleo.edu/About-SLU/Florida-Catholic-University 

"DDAP: Detention Diversion Advocacy Program." (n.d.) Center on Juvenile & Criminal

new juvenile detention center, if given unlimited financial resources. It first examines the main purpose, and location of the facility, and then turns to how the facility would deal with resident problems with socialization, education, and correctional components. Finally, budgeting and staff elements are examined, with a need to create measures for evaluation to later test facility efficiency.
Unfortunately, juvenile crime is becoming more and more of an issue here in the United States. As rates of juvenile crime continue to go up, the ability to house and rehabilitate these young offenders is becoming harder and harder. Current resources are strained and overpopulated, leading to the need for more facilities that are more efficient. hus, this is an examination of the creation of a brand new facility using the research as a catalyst for construction.

Main Purpose

he main purpose oft his document is to provide a glimpse into the contemporary research…...

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The most important element here is the security of the individuals and the staff within the facility. As such, a strong and successful security system must be in place to monitor the juvenile residents and alert the necessary staff when a situation arises before it gets out of hand. As such, direct supervision of residents by staff is crucial, and must be augmented with a state of the art security system with movable cameras that are placed in appropriate locations throughout the facility. This set up would be in a design with several 48 bed units, which help maximize space, but also make it easier to handle situations as they occur (Native American and Alaskan Technical Assistance Project 2001). Each unit of 48 residents will be broken down into rooms with 8 beds, and will include two other rooms with much less beds for individuals that have been known to cause trouble with their cellmates.

Hiring and Training

Staffing ratios must meet the individual codes of the location. For the state

, 2009). While there are schools in the juvenile system, some of these Hispanic children may come in so behind in their educations that they will requires special services to bring them current in their educations. Therefore, educational and mental health concerns are highlighted for Hispanic youth entering into the juvenile justice system.
Conclusion

The juvenile justice system in the United States is out-of-control. While Fairfax County, Virginia's juvenile justice system is not experiencing the same problems as other areas, it would be erroneous to assume that its system is still the best way of dealing with juvenile offenders. Fairfax County has a large Hispanic population, and Hispanic youth are overrepresented in its juvenile justice system. One must assume that a lack of cultural sensitivity has helped contribute to this problem. Ensuring that Hispanic youth and their families have access to the same quality of non-penal services as other youth would help…...

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References

Chambers, B. (2009, June 11). Latino youth in the juvenile justice system -- key facts.

Retrieved October 11, 2011 from Reclaiming Futures website:  http://www.reclaimingfutures.org/blog/node/1028 

County of Fairfax Virginia. (2011). Delinquency (juvenile criminal cases). Retrieved

from  http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/courts/jdr/jdrDelinquency.htm

Juvenile facilities provide intensive and specialized therapeutic programs with brilliant results. The juvenile placed in juveniles' corrections enjoy an education-centered curriculum and trained staff that functions exclusively with the juvenile offenders' population. On the contrary, those juvenile held in adult jails and prisons do not enjoy these services (Siegel 2009, 671). Understanding that juveniles hold different emotional, safety, social and physical requirements from adult offenders, guidelines requiring certified juveniles to get placements in divergent setting other than adult prisons and jails is paramount. More than sixteen states in America hold certified juveniles in juvenile corrections and not in adult prison until these offenders reach eighteen years.

Six states hold juvenile in juvenile facilities until they attain the age of 21. Pennsylvania and Virginia passed the laws requiring that juveniles, regardless of their crime, get placement in juvenile correction facilities and not in adult jails (Dietch 2011, p.11). This is because juvenile…...

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Reference List

Deitch, M 2011. Juveniles in the adult criminal justice system in Texas. The University of Texas at Austin, school of Public Affairs.pp.1-44.

Elrod, P., Ryder, C 2011. Juvenile justice: A social, historical and legal perspective. Michigan: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Roberts, a., Springer, D 2007. Social work in juvenile and criminal justice settings. Texas: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.

Siegel, L 2009. Introduction to criminal justice. New York: Cengage Learning.

e. school, religious activities, sports, family involvement)." ("Juvenile detention," 2005, p. 11-12). These negative affects of increased usage not only directly affect juvenile drug abusers with increased occurrence of detention, but also make less effective rehabilitation programs needed for these young offenders.
Prevention Programs:

Over the last two decades, there have been a plethora of clinical trial research that have identified effective adolescent substance use prevention programs.

Sadly, funding for drug use prevention services has decreased over recent years, partly due to the increased need for drug user treatment for young people. As an example, in 2002, Congress reduced funding for community drug prevention studies at the U.S. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), by $50 million, in order to increase drug user treatment studies at the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. With reduced funding, it is of even greater importance that prevention programs are as effective as possible. Kumpfer, Alvarado, and Whiteside…...

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References

Bilchik, S. (1997). From the administrator. Retrieved September 21, 2007, at  http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/167251.pdf .

Juvenile detention as a disposition. (2005). Journal of Juvenile Justice Services, 20(2). Retrieved September 21, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.

Kumpfer, K., Alvarado, R., & Whiteside, H. (Jul 2003). Family-based interventions for substance use and misuse prevention. Substance Use & Misuse, 38(11-13). Retrieved September 21, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.

Lexcen, F. & Redding, R. (2000). Substance abuse and dependence in juvenile offenders. Retrieved September 21, 2007, at  http://www.ilppp.virginia.edu/Juvenile_Forensic_Fact_Sheets/SubAbuse.html .

Juveniles may commit crimes on the same level as adults do, but they are of a special case because of their age and relative psychological immaturity. The purpose of the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate the minors and help them integrate better into the society. As research shows, police officers come into contact with different kinds of juveniles offenders. They may be mentally ill or handicapped. Some of them come from disorderly families, or are routinely abused physically and sexually by parents or other family members. Others may be simply neglected or have no family support when they are in need (Bartollas & Miller, 2008, pp. 101-2; Cole & Smith, 2007, p. 554). These unique circumstances make juveniles a special case.
As Lawrence and Hemmens (2008) write, police officers need to take special measures in treating juveniles during and after arrest especially because "young persons' views and attitudes toward…...

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References

Arundel, a. (2010) Arrest and Custody of Juveniles. Retrieved on February 17, 2011, from  http://www.aacounty.org/Police/RulesRegs/Sections17-19/1702JuvArrestCust.pdf 

Bartollas, C., & Miller, S.J. (2008) Juvenile Justice in America (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Cole, G.F., & Smith, C.E. (2007) the American System of Criminal Justice (11th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

"Juvenile Arrest and Detention" (n.d.) Criminal Law Free Advice. Retrieved on February 18, 2011, from  http://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/juvenile_law/juvenile-detention.htm

According to Lawlor, Connecticut has "developed a flexible approach geared toward immediate intervention and proven results" (Lawlor). He explains that not every teenaged car thief with a record of several arrests should be sent to prison, just as not every 10-year-old first time truant needs to be simply sent home to his parents (Lawlor).
The state of Connecticut has sole responsibility for all probation, adult and juvenile, and all graduated sanctions programs are operated by the state or by private, non-profit organizations funded by the state (Lawlor). For more than twenty years, the term 'juvenile' in the state of Connecticut refers to only youths under the age of sixteen; youths who are sixteen years and older are treated as adults for all crimes (Lawlor). In 1995, before the graduated sanctions were implemented, the most serious violent juveniles were the focus of the juvenile court, and all other cases were for…...

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Works Cited

Bilchik, Shay. "Sentencing juveniles to adult facilities fails youths and society."

Corrections Today. April 1, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Feld, Barry C. "Abolish the juvenile court: youthfulness, criminal responsibility, and sentencing policy. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. September 22, 1997. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Grisso, Thomas. "The evolution of adolescence: a developmental perspective on juvenile justice reform. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. September 22, 1997. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Intervening With Juvenile Drug Crimes
Researchers are now focused on developing and evaluating programs designed to break the drug-crime cycle that is common in juvenile delinquents. This paper will summarize existing literature about programs designed to prevent the juvenile drug-crime cycle and, based on that literature, identify interventions that offer the best chances for success. This paper will also provide guidelines and recommendations for developing a comprehensive juvenile justice system that can best address the needs of juvenile offenders involved with drug crimes.

This thesis is expected to make a contribution to the selection of successful interventions and the development of collaborative partnerships in the juvenile justice system, drug treatment programs, and other agencies as they attempt to break the cycle of drugs and crime afflicting U.S. juveniles.

Introduction

With the prevalence of drug crimes among juveniles and the complexity involved in their treatment, which must involve both the child and his living environment,…...

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Bibliography

Abuse and Dependence. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 5 (1): 201-211.

Allison, M., and Hubbard, R.L. (1985). Drug abuse treatment process: A review of the literature. International Journal of the Addictions 20:13211345.

Anglin, M.D., and Hser, Y. (1990). Treatment of drug abuse. In Drugs and Crime, vol. 13, edited by M. Tonry and J.Q. Wilson. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Ball, J.C., Rosen, J.A., Flueck, J.A., and Nurco, D.N. (1981). The criminality of heroin addicts: When addicted and when off opiates. In The Drugs-Crime Connection, edited by J.A. Inciardi. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Dugan: Should be on its own page.
Juvenile recidivism is a prevalent problem in the criminal justice system. Tackling reoffending remains a complex task requiring several strategies and aims. It involves research, acknowledgement of causes, factors, exploration, and evaluation of subgroups to generate long-term, positive changes in the lives of juvenile offenders. From gang violence to Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive (ICAP), researchers discover some of the reasons why juveniles reoffend and the kinds of intervention methods that may help or worsen the problem of juvenile recidivism. Intervention philosophies like surveillance, discipline, close monitoring may increase recidivism rates. estorative programs, counseling, skill building programs, as well as multiple coordinated services decrease recidivism rates. Comment by Max Dugan: I would put evaluation at the end of the list vs. first. Comment by Max Dugan: Need to spell out all acronyms before using in APA format.

elevance

Juvenile offenders and reoffenders are an important…...

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References

Aalsma, M., White, L., Lau, K., Perkins, A., Monahan, P., & Grisso, T. (2015). Behavioral Health Care Needs, Detention-Based Care, and Criminal Recidivism at Community Reentry From Juvenile Detention: A Multisite Survival Curve Analysis. American Journal Of Public Health, 105(7), 1372-1378.  http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.302529 

Baglivio, M. & Jackowski, K. (2012). Examining the Validity of a Juvenile Offending Risk Assessment Instrument Across Gender and Race/Ethnicity. Youth Violence And Juvenile Justice, 11(1), 26-43.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204012440107 

Baglivio, M., Wolff, K., Piquero, A., & Epps, N. (2015). The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Juvenile Offending Trajectories in a Juvenile Offender Sample. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 43(3), 229-241.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.012 

Bates, K. & Swan, R. (2013). Juvenile delinquency in a diverse society (1st ed.). SAGE Publications.

Juvenile Total Institutions
Total Institutions ( prisons/jails) juveniles. A. Discuss history B. Goals C. programming youth held . D. Issues/Problems Present facilities Below Guideline paper. 1. Students expected draw information class material scholarly sources journal articles, government websites, NPO websites.

Bortner and Williams (1997)

define a total institution as a physical location such as a prison or a reformatory where all the total needs of the residents are met. The needs of the individuals are mostly physical such as health, clothing, nutrition, shelter, etc. For juveniles, total institutions must be able to meet their educational and psychological needs as the youth. For an institution to quality as a total institution, the totality of the care that is provided in the institutions must be reflected in the round the clock confinement of the residents including holidays and weekends Shoemaker, 2009.

Goffman (1961)

argues that in many different ways, correctional institutions also serve as total institutions because…...

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References

ABA Division for Public Education. The History of Juvenile Justice. In ABA Division for Public Education (Ed.), Dialogue on Youth and Justice (pp. 1-8). Chicago, IL: American bar association.

Austin, J., Johnson, K.D., & Weitzer, R. (2005). Alternatives to the Secure Detention and Confinement of Juvenile Offenders (pp. 41). Rockville, MD: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Dept of Justice.

Bortner, M.A., & Williams, L. (1997). Youth in Prison. New York: Rutledge.

Commonwealth v. Fisher, No. 213 48 (1905).

Juvenile Justice
Juvenile delinquents

Shifting to a restorative model, acknowledging the needs of victims

Juvenile justice:

Shifting to a restorative model, acknowledging the needs of victims

The adult justice system in America has long focused upon retribution and community restoration as well as rehabilitation of offenders. Victims must be 'made whole,' not just offenders within the adult system. However, the juvenile justice system has had a far less clear focus upon the restoration of justice to the community than that of its adult counterpart. This is partially due to the oft-expressed view that juveniles are less morally responsible than adults. Juvenile records are usually 'wiped clean' after the adolescents have served their time in probation or prison. The focus of the juvenile justice system is always on the improvement of the life of the juvenile and to reduce the likelihood of recidivism, rather than outright punishment.

On the other hand, juveniles are also prosecuted for so-called…...

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References

Balanced and restorative justice. (2010). OJJDP report: Guide for implementing the balanced and restorative justice model. Retrieved July 4, 2010. http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/pubs/implementing/balanced.html

Giacomazzi, Andrew L. (2005, February). Review of Restorative justice by Ruth Ann

Strickland. (New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2004). LPBR. 15.2: 139-142. Retrieved July 4,

2010.  http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/strickland205.htm

Juvenile delinquency is a prevalent issue in society, with many young individuals becoming involved in criminal activities at an early age. In response to this problem, the Juvenile Act was established to address the unique needs and circumstances of juvenile offenders. This essay will explore the history and purpose of the Juvenile Act, as well as its impact on the juvenile justice system. Additionally, it will examine the effectiveness of the Juvenile Act in rehabilitating young offenders and preventing recidivism. By understanding the principles and provisions of the Juvenile Act, we can better comprehend its significance in promoting juvenile justice....

1. The Impact of Juvenile Detention on Youth Development
2. The Effectiveness of Juvenile Detention as a Rehabilitation Tool
3. Alternatives to Juvenile Detention: Exploring Restorative Justice Practices
4. The Role of Mental Health Services in Juvenile Detention Facilities
5. Racial Disparities in Juvenile Detention: A Critical Examination
6. Juvenile Detention and Recidivism: Breaking the Cycle
7. The Rights of Juveniles in Detention: Ensuring Due Process
8. Juvenile Detention and Education: Bridging the Gap
9. Juvenile Detention and Trauma: Addressing the Needs of Vulnerable Youth
10. The Future of Juvenile Justice: Implementing Progressive Reforms in Detention Centers
11. The long-term consequences of a juvenile detention title can be profound and....

Impacts of Juvenile Detention on a Young Person's Future
Juvenile detention, the confinement of minors in a secure facility, can have profound and lasting impacts on a young person's future. These consequences extend far beyond the period of incarceration and can shape their life trajectory in substantial ways.
Education and Employment
Juvenile detention often disrupts a young person's education. Attendance at school can be irregular or impossible, leading to academic setbacks and a lower likelihood of graduating from high school. Furthermore, a detention record can make it difficult to obtain employment, as many employers conduct background checks and may view juvenile detention as....