Modeling
Review 3 resources (journal articles or web sites) that define data modeling. Provide the reference in APA format, identify the value of the site, and summarize the findings of the site.

ata modeling: Website reviews

Resource

Ambler, Scott W. (2011). ata Modeling 101. Agile ata. Retrieved at:

http://www.agiledata.org/essays/dataModeling101.html

This resource provides an introduction to data modeling with a comprehensive table of contents with easy 'links' to various areas of the article. It clearly defines different types and uses of data modeling, such as the three basic styles of data model: conceptual models; logical models; and physical models. Most of the article is devoted to comparing conceptual and logical models, given that these are most the commonly used in agile products. It also provide a step-by-step overview of the general data modeling process including: the need to identify entity types; identify attributes; apply naming conventions; identify relationships; apply data model patterns; assign keys; normalize to…...

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Data modeling. (2012). Information Management. Retrieved at:

 http://www.information-management.com/channels/data_modeling.html 

This online magazine offers relevant information to developers. (Free registration is required to access the website). It contains articles such as "Big data shakes traditional BI perspectives" and "Modeling what matters -- data modeling throughout, beyond the enterprise." The intended audience of the journal is individuals already working in enterprises and it addresses issues that are pertinent to professionals today in the field of data modeling. The latter article, for example, addresses the increased demand for data modeling. "The value of data modeling continues to grow in new directions. This is partly due to the lure of cloud computing, but also because of the increasingly interconnected world of enterprise partnerships."

The significance of establishing the reliability and repute of sources of information cannot be overemphasised. Reputable sources of information are important for obtaining accurate information on a given topic. This paper evaluates two different selected sources of information on the connection between climate change and earthquakes. One of the sources is from a scientifically reputable resource and the other one is from a questionable resource. Following a brief summary of the articles, attention is paid to differences between the reliability of the resources, specifically highlighting why one source is more scientifically valid than the other. The first selected source is an article in The Guardian by McGuire (2016). According to the author, global warming could be causing not only more destructive hurricanes, but also increased seismic activity. As the atmosphere is connected to other elements of the earth system, including oceans, ice glaciers, and the underground (geosphere), climate change is not…...

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References

McGuire, B. (2016, October 16). How climate change triggers earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes. The Guardian. Retrieved from earthquakes-tsunamis-volcanoes

Schultz, D. (2009). Eloquent science: A practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker and atmospheric scientist. Boston: American Meteorological Society.

Viterito, A. (2016). The correlation of seismic activity and recent global warming. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 7(4), 345. doi:10.4172/2157-7617.1000345

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/16/climate-change-triggers-

Attribute Hiearchy
Critique of the Journal Article "Using the Attribute Hierarchy Method to Make Diagnostic Inferences about Examinees' Cognitive Skills in Critical Reading" by Changjiang Wang and Martin J. Gieri

Gierl, M.J., Wang, C., & Zhou, J. (2008). Using the attribute hierarchy method to make diagnostic inferences about examinees' cognitive skills in algebra on the SA. Journal of echnology, Learning, and Assessment, 6(6). Retrieved from http://www.jtla.org.

One problem with evaluating the effectiveness of different types of test questions is that it is often unclear why students get particular exam questions wrong (or right). he SA is a particularly controversial and challenging test and can have a long-lasting impact upon a college applicant's life, depending on what score he or she receives. hus, effective analysis of SA questions for veracity is essential to be fair to the high school students that take the test.

he purpose of the study by Gierl, Wang & Zhou (2008)…...

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The model used was constructed via a four-step process. First, the model was formed, "using psychometric methods and linking these skills to diagnostic inferences" (Gierl, Wang & Zhou 2008: 39). Secondly, four models were elaborated "that describe different aspects of problem solving using sample items from Algebra I and II" and one was specifically selected for the study (Gierl, Wang & Zhou 2008: 39). "The third aspect, model use, provides structure to the model so that explanations and predictions can be made" and then fourth step was evaluation of the model (Gierl, Wang & Zhou 2008: 39).

The scope of the study was admittedly rather narrow -- only one model was tested. The researchers admitted that more testing was needed in this area of research and the study was a relatively preliminary experiment in mind-mapping, Student skills needed to be broken down into more specific attributes and a further problem was that the study was retroactive, which they hoped would not be the case in the future: "this order of events -- where the cognitive model is first identified and then the test items are developed -- is needed because the hierarchical organization of attributes should guide the development of test items and, subsequently, the interpretation of test performance when using the AHM" (Gierl, Wang & Zhou 2008: 44).

Overall, while the analysis presented is intriguing in parts, the reader is overwhelmingly presented with the notion that the authors 'bit off more than they could chew' in terms of the ambition of their research. The potential models of approaching different problems were so numerous, it was difficult to come to a definitive conclusion, and even the model selected was an imperfect fit. Furthermore, the generalizability of results to other domains in math or to other grade levels was unclear, and although the SAT is certainly justified by its importance for further, future analysis, whether the approach it requires of students is generalizable to other types of tests (even in algebra) remains in doubt. Also, the retroactive model of analysis the authors hope to analyze the future would not be suitable for the SAT and would require them to design their own test to refine their model.

Statistical Analysis eported in Two Journal Articles
esearch endeavors, albeit it clinical, empirical, descriptive, historical, or case study oriented, must at all times adhere to the rigors of effective or best-fit research practice. Without stringent controls placed on the area of investigation no research endeavor will advance any body of knowledge. To this end all research must be finely tuned and described as to intent or purpose, phenomenon to be assessed and reported upon, and relevance and efficacy of conclusions drawn. The remainder of this report will focus one a particular component in a research endeavor that is crucial for the acceptance of findings and conclusions drawn, namely the statistical technique employed to analyze the measured data obtained. However, prior to the actual evaluative critique pertaining to the two articles chosen I first want to present to the reader a brief scenario as to the importance of selecting the most…...

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References

Kerlinger, Fred (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Ohlson, E.L. (1997). Best-Fit Statistical Practices. Chicago:

ACTS Testing Labs.

Schwarz, K., Mion, P., Hudock, D., & Litman, G. (2008). Telemonitoring of heart failure patients and their caregivers: A pilot randomized controlled study. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23(1), 18-26.
Telemonitoring know-how provides one of the most auspicious alternatives to the delivery of health care services at the home of a patient. This research study was purposed to assess the effect of a primary care-based telemonitoring intervention on the rate of recurrence of hospital admissions.

The main research question discussed in this article is whether telemonitoring can benefit heart failure and chronic lung disease and thereby decrease the number of patient admissions.

Type of Quantitative Sampling

With respect to quantitative sampling, the study used a stratified random sampling by disease, whether heart failure (HF), chronic lung disease (CLD) or both, was made up of the random selection of patients for apportionment to the control and intervention groups from three ampoules, holding the programs of the…...

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Reference

Schwarz, K., Mion, P., Hudock, D., & Litman, G. (2008). Telemonitoring of heart failure patients and their caregivers: A pilot randomized controlled study. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23(1), 18-26.

1994 Federal Assault Weapon Ban on Gun Violence Outcomes, by Koper and oth (2001) was published in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology.
Key Claims in the Text

The key claim of the authors is a little bit strange. They perform a study on short-term data and then claim that they need long-run data in order to be able to analyze short-run outcomes of the assault rifle ban. They claim that "the ban may have contributed to a reduction in gun homicides" but then follow that up with "any likely impact from the ban will be very difficult to detect statistically for several more years." This is waffling -- they are avoiding making any meaningful claims. In addition to this, the authors when describing the rationale for the assault weapon ban, cited themselves and an unattributed newspaper article, creating an easy strawman. They actually cite themselves throughout the paper, at an abnormal…...

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References

Koper, C. & Roth, J. (2001). The Impact of the 1994 Federal Assault Weapon Ban on Gun Violence Outcomes. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Vol. 17 (1) 33-74

Bias is ever-present. While we are generally aware of the basic forms that bias takes, often bias arses unconsciously, which makes it more difficult to detect. All studies have bias -- these biases begin with our own enculturation. The lenses through which we examine every facet of the world have been shaped by our experiences, and thus there is the bias of our own culture, of how we studied science, and of the preferred methodologies that underpins every decision made. Thus, no study can be said to be free from bias, it is more important to recognize where there is bias, and how such bias influences the study design, our interpretation of the findings and ultimately our vision of the objective truth.
Peppard et al. (2013) studied the increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. In this study, the authors examined time series data from an ongoing community-based study in Wisconsin…...

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References

Peppard, P., Young, T., Barnet, J., Palta, M., Hagen, E. & Hla, K. (2013). Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. American Journal of Epidemiology. Retrieved April 4, 2016 from  https://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/04/13/aje.kws342.full

Improving After-Sale everse Logistics in Department Stores: A Brazilian Case Study
After-sale reverse logistics has grown in significance in the last decade. So as to contribute to scientific innovation, the authors present a structured process for reverse logistics. Additionally, the article looks into conventional supply chains in terms of similarities of its inventory management, transport operations and data management. The authors aimed to come up with a structured procedure for reverse logistics that would be based on process management. In their aim, they looked at three levels: performance management, resource management and product entry management in the reverse logistics chain. The authors conducted a field research of three departmental stores and did a literature review on the subject matter. The data collected from the stores utilizing questionnaires and interviews showed that an improved structuring of the reverse logistic process in the departmental stores and other kind of retail stores can…...

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References

Lopes, D. M., D'Agosto, M. d., Ferreira, A. F., & Oliveira, C. M. (2014). Improving post-sale reverse logistics in department stores: a Brazilian case study. J. Transp. Lit.

Wright, R. E., Richey, R. G., Tokman, M., & Palmer, J. C. (2011). Recycling and Reverse Logistics. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 9-20.

Health care professionals may not clearly understand the many ways stress can affect the body, and so, patients with migraines and other problems that seem to be triggered by stress would be wise to discuss their thoughts with their physician, and perhaps seek alternative forms of therapy that treat the stress, and well as the result.
In conclusion, it seems clear from these and many other studies that stress can be a major cause of mild to severe migraine headaches. Many physicians treat their patients not only for the pain, but to help them reduce stress from their daily lives to reduce the occurrence of these debilitating headaches. Stress can have a strong negative effect on the body, as these studies indicate. Managing stress may not simply be a quality of life issue. For many, managing stress can also be the key to a more healthy, pain-free life.

eferences

Block, Andrew .,…...

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References

Block, Andrew R., Edwin F. Kremer, and Ephrem Fernandez, eds. Handbook of Pain Syndromes: Biopsychosocial Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999.

Degges-White, Suzanne, et al. "Examining Counseling Needs of Headache Patients: An Exploratory Study of Wellness and Perceived Stress." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 25.4 (2003): 271+.

Henrich, Gerhard. "Personality Traits and Stress Sensitivity in Migraine Patients." Behavioral Medicine; 3/22/2003.

Lowlis, G. Frank. "7 Biofeedback." Mosby's Complementary Alternative Medicine: A Research-Based Approach. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2001. 196-224.

Manual of American Psychological Association, 2010)
Where in your APA Publication Manual do you find instructions for the proper formatting for a printed book? For this question, provide the answer and include a properly-formatted example based on your course research textbook.

The information is available in Section 7.02 (Page No. 202).

When citing entire books, the reference formats use the format provided below:

Author, A. A. (1967). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Author, A. A. (2006). Title of work. doi:xxxxx

Author, A. A. (1997). Title of work. etrieved from http://www, xxxxxxx

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (1986). Title of work. Location: Publisher

When citing a chapter or just an entry in a reference book, use the format provided below:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx -- xxx). Location: Publisher.

Use the format below for print versions only:

i. Shotton, M.…...

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References

Elizabeth Depoy, & Laura N. Gitlin. (2016). Introduction to Research. Elsiever.

Jerry Farell Library. (2016, September 14). Retrieved from Jerry Farell Library:  https://www.liberty.edu/library/search-results/?type=all&q=APA+6th+edition 

Publication Manual of American Psychological Association. (2010). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

Journal Article: Design and Modeling of a Textile Pressure Sensor for Sitting Posture ClassificationSummaryIt is important to note, from the onset, that the relevance of analyzing siting posture cannot be overstated in healthcare and biomedical realms. For this reason, there is need to develop posture monitoring systems that are not only confortable, but also economical and more efficient. Towards this end, Meyer, Arnrich, Schumm, and Troster suggest a textile pressure sensor designed to not only monitor but also measure a persons body pressure distribution. In this case, the authors point out that electrodes built with conductive textiles are arranged on both sides of a compressible spacer, forming a variable capacitor.Over time, various techniques have been utilized in an attempt to gauge siting posture. Some of the said techniques include, but they are not limited to, using radiographs for spinal curve examination, sitting state video analysis, etc. Others include the utilization…...

Accordingly, operational definitions have become a psychological standard by which psychological research has been-based for nearly a century; they enable a clear path of communication between psychologists and psychological researchers.
2- Do you have any hypotheses (2-tailed) related to any of these variables? List 3 possible hypotheses.

Definitions:

One-tailed hypothesis: predicts the direction in which the results will go.

hypothesis regulates or controls the course of experimentation.

Two-tailed hypothesis: hypothesis states that one factor affects another rather than state a direction, or that there will be a difference between the scores without stating the direction of the difference.

Hypotheses

Definition: A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study. For example, a study designed to look at the relationship between sleep deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that states, "This study is designed…...

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Bibliography):

Lane, David. "Variables." Connexions. July 21, 2003. http://cnx.org /content/m10802/2.5/.

Chicago Manual of Style (Note):

David Lane, "Variables," Connexions, July 21, 2003,

journals include articles that have been evaluated and approved by professionals in the field. With that said, no one journal article is perfect. Some articles may lack strong theoretical foundations while others may contain flawed research designs. In your literature review, it is important to point out both the strengths and limitations of articles related to your topic and state how your research seeks to address them.
Post by Day 4 a brief summary of one article you plan to include in your literature review. hen evaluate the article, noting its strengths and limitations.

Annotated bibliography entry

McCreary, L.L., & Dancy, B.L. (2004). Dimensions of family functioning: Perspectives of low-income African-American single-parent families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(3), 690-701.

his research article is a qualitative study designed to assess family functioning of African-American single-parent families. All too often the functioning of single-parent families is assessed in a holistic manner, without regard to…...

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This research article is a qualitative study designed to assess family functioning of African-American single-parent families. All too often the functioning of single-parent families is assessed in a holistic manner, without regard to differentiated culture. But "family functioning is influenced by socioeconomic status, culture, family structure, and developmental stage, and is assessed primarily using instruments developed for middle-income European-American two-parent families. These instruments may not validly assess low-income African-American single-parent families. This qualitative study was conducted to provide rich descriptions of families and family functioning in order to inform research on this underrepresented group" (McCreary & Dancy, 2004). Specific research is needed on African-American families because while all single parent households are disproportionately poor, this is particularly the case for African-American single parent households. "41% of African-American female-headed households with children under 18 were living in poverty" (McCreary & Dancy 2004).

The theoretical foundation of the study was symbolic interactionism, focusing on "family members' perceptions of the meanings and values they ascribe to the activities and interactions that make up family functioning" rather than imposing values upon the subject that were of interest to the researchers alone (McCreary & Dancy 2004). It focused upon 20 African-American single mothers and 20 adult family members from two different neighborhoods to eliminate geographic bias and was qualitative in nature. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit data. The most interesting finding was that "the participants' definition of family supports the literature describing the self-defined family of African-American single mothers as networks of people related biologically, legally, or by function-often spanning more than one household who provide to their members the material and emotional functions of a family' (McCreary & Dancy 2004). This is in contrast to the American model which strongly emphasizes children's independence and generational separation.

The study findings underline the need for support programs for single-parent households to take into consideration the culture of the family. Not all families define themselves in a nuclear fashion. For some families, the roles of grandparents and more distant family members are important and involving them in the social support network being created is essential. This is a radical notion given the fact that some single-parent support groups emphasize the need for mothers to keep in contact with their child's father so the child has a male role model. Not all cultures prioritize the nuclear support network and some might see blood female relatives as having more value in disciplining the child or offering input about the child's growth and development than a male. A broader and more inclusive concept of family underlining a supportive program and organizing resources for such families may be needed to address their needs in a culturally sensitive fashion. A more "inclusive definition of family composition for low-income African-American

esults

Method

This section of the study describes the frequency distribution of the data collected during this study and idea of "central tendency, associated mean, median and mode." Various measures of dispersion are also reviewed, with an explanation of whether the research supports or disproves the hypotheses explored.

Variables - Independent and Dependent

The data collected reflects the independent and dependent variables explored for purposes of this study. The independent variables explored include: sex and gender of study participants, ethnicity of participants, socioeconomic status and religious or moral practices. The dependent variables explored include: participants age, the type of justice used (restorative model or correctional models).

Statistical Analysis/Means/Mode/Median

The statistical analysis measures the frequency distribution for "numeric" discrete variables and "categorical variables" labeled (e.g. A_AGE) (USF, 2001:3). All variables are un-weighted for purposes of this study. Table 1.1 below provides the statistical analysis and distributions for the independent and dependent variables. ATYPE represents the type of…...

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References

Hopkins, B. (2004, March). Just schools: A whole school approach to restorative justice.

Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 200.

Nilsson, J.E., Love, K.M, Taylor, K.J., & Slusher, a.L. (2007). "A content and sample analysis of quantitative articles published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between 1991 and 2000." Journal of Counseling & Development, 85(3):357.

Smith, M.E. (2001, June). "What future for 'public safety' and 'restorative justice' in community corrections. U.S. Department of Justice, Sentencing and Corrections. 11(1): 1-8. Available:

Daley, J. (2018, January/February). Where the Ice Age Caribou Ranged: earching for Prehistoric Hunting Grounds in an Unlikely Place. Archeology, 34-37.The author of this article, Jason Daley, recalls an amazing attempt by John Ohea, a University of Michigan archeologist, to identify signs of caribou hunters in the ubarctic, and his subsequent findings. According to Daley, this attempt was largely born out of Oheas thought provoking assertion to the effect that if herds of caribou had once migrated across this landscape there were probably people hunting them. Oheas exploration sheds light on not only the land bridge itself, but also how the said Ice Age landscape may have been exploited by hunters. As Ohea was studying human-reindeer interactions, he also became interested in Lake Hurons underwater topographical representations/maps which indicated what is now referred to as Alpena-Amberley Ridge which is essentially a 112 miles long underwater rocky formation/ridge. He became…...

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Sitaraman, G. (2017, April). Divided we Fall. New Republic, 42-45. Since Donald Trump took power, many have questioned his commitment to not only the rule of law, but also his devotion and dedication to the further enhancement of democracy in America. However, according to the author, Ganesh Sitaraman, heaping the blame on trump is missing the point. The root cause of the constitutional crisis, in the author’s own words is “massive economic inequality and deeply entrenched political divisions.” In that regard, therefore, the author sees Trump as the symptom, and not the cause of the current crisis faced by the country. As the author further points out, there is no magic pill for the current problem the country faces. Although the author is correct in his assertion that the constitution was not designed to match some social conditions, he misses the point on the credentials of the Founding Fathers. By referring to them as opportunists, the author fails to appreciate individual selfless efforts of the likes of Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson and George Washington towards the formation of a model for the country’s fundamental principles. Although some of the founding fathers may not have had the interest of the nation at heart, it is important to note that the country has evolved in ways that could not be predicted at the time – effectively rendering our constitution less effective on a few occasions. Further, some failures on the part of the drafters were expected out of innocent errors of commission or omission, such as failure by the Founding Fathers to come up with a framework to fix emergent economic divisions. I therefore agree with the author that there is need to rebuild the foundation of economic opportunity by amongst other things revamping our tax system. This, in my opinion, and as per the author’s viewpoints, will call for an all-inclusive approach – in which case all stakeholders work together towards a common end.

If you can only have three web pages, you might want to do those first to get them out of the way. You can search for books that are related to your topic and use them in your bibliography. Google Books and Amazon are good places to search. Also try Google scholar (scholar.google.com), where you can search for journal articles to use. Another way to find research articles and books is to find the Wikipedia entry on your subject, and scroll to the bottom. See what sources are used there, and see if you can find those sources online or....

If you\'re exploring a professional journal article, you can break the article down into different sections to write about. Much like a dissertation is often broken down into the Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Discussion, and Conclusion chapters, your article can be divided so you can work on addressing one segment of it at a time. Walk your readers through the article and explain each area or section, so anyone who reads your paper will have a good understanding of everything the article was trying to say. Depending on your instructor\'s requirements, you may also want to include a section about....

Outline for an Essay on Norovirus

Introduction

Hook: Begin with a captivating statistic or personal anecdote related to norovirus.
Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument of the essay, which should focus on the significance, impact, or management of norovirus.

Body Paragraph 1: Epidemiology and Transmission

Define norovirus and explain its characteristics.
Describe the epidemiology of norovirus, including its prevalence and geographic distribution.
Discuss the modes of transmission, emphasizing the role of contaminated food, water, and surfaces.

Body Paragraph 2: Symptoms and Complications

Describe the typical symptoms of norovirus infection, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
Explain the potential complications of norovirus,....

Outlining an Essay on History

I. Introduction

Hook: Engage the reader with a compelling statement, anecdote, or question related to the historical topic.
Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main argument or claim that the essay will explore and support.

II. Body Paragraph 1: Chronological Development

Topic Sentence: Establish the historical period or event being discussed.
Historical Evidence: Support the topic sentence with specific examples, quotes, or data taken from reliable sources.
Analysis: Interpret and analyze the evidence to show its relevance to the thesis statement.
Transition: Smoothly lead the reader to the next paragraph.

III. Body Paragraph 2: Cause and Effect

Topic Sentence:....