Isaac Newton was born in 1642 at oolsthorpe in England. His father died before Newton's birth and when his mother remarried, she went to live with her husband and left Isaac with her mother.
At 12, he was reunited with his mother after the death of her second husband; she desired to turn him into a farmer in order to support the family. Newton was not successful as a farmer and was able to return to school to complete his education.

He entered Cambridge University in 1661. He was an average student, but he became a scholar, which entitled him to another 4 years of future education. However, his education was interrupted in 1665, when the Great Plague came to Cambridge, forcing the closing of the university.

This resulted Newton returning home to study, and it was during his private study that he developed some of his most groundbreaking ideas, including: infinitesimal calculus,…...

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Works Cited

A&E Networks. "Isaac Newton." Biography. 1-7. 2013. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

Hall, Alfred Rupert. "Isaac Newton's Life." Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences.

N.p. 1998. Web. 5 Dec. 2012.

Lamb, Robert and Tristan Hopper. "Top 10 Isaac Newton Inventions. How Stuff Works. 1-11.

Newton
Sir Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton (Bio, N.d.)

Sir Isaac Newton is one of the most recognizable names in all of science. He was a mathematician, a natural philosopher, an inventor, an English physicist, and pretty much an all around genius. His work included the study of how light reacts to reflection, formulating laws of universal gravitation and motion, and building the first ever reflecting telescope. Newton arguably contributed more to the science than any single person in the entire history of science. Newton's book, Principia, is considered to be among the most influential science books in the history of science, possibly of mankind. In this book he provided the foundation for classical mechanics. Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which have been the background of classical physics for over three centuries. Since Sir Isaac Newton was such an influential mind, I thought it would be fun to read…...

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Works Cited

Bio. (N.d.). Isaac Newton Biography. Retrieved from Bio True Story:  http://www.biography.com/people/isaac-newton-9422656

Isaac Newton
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The Three Laws of Motion: Isaac Newton's Greatest Contribution

To the World of Science

Isaac Newton is a renowned mathematician, scientist, inventor, professor, and public official who influenced the world of science with his extraordinary and brilliant theories on different phenomena in (primarily) the study of physics, astronomy, and optics. Born on the 4th of January, 1643, Isaac Newton's life as a young man in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire in England is unremarkable, and Newton, at a young age, did not show and possess the brilliant mind that he has while attending a formal school education at the Free Grammar School in Grantham (O'Connor and obertson 2000). As a child, Newton did not seem to possess the intellectual strength that he was known for, and had a hard time living with his family during his childhood years because of the constant tension between him and his stepfather and mother.

Newton's mother encouraged him to…...

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References

Following in Newton's Footsteps." 2001. European Space Agency Web site. 15 April 2003  http://sci.esa.int/content/doc/df/25311_.htm 

Navaza, D. "Physics." Phoenix Publishing House Inc. 1996.

Newton's Laws." 2003. The Physics Classroom Web site. 15 April 2003  http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/newtltoc.html 

Newton's Three Laws of Motion." 2003. An Online Journey Through Astronomy. 15 April 2003  http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newton3laws.html

These ideas are still taught today because the "still adequately account for most problems of motion" (Noble 724).
Jay Pasachoff claims that Newton revolutionized astronomy by setting "modern physics on its feet by deriving laws showing how objects move on the Earth and in space" (Pasachoff 41). Simplistically, this is the train of thought that birthed the law of gravity. Newton was the first person to ever realize the "universality" (41) of gravity. Perhaps the most fascinating aspect of this creation involves that fact that in order for this new law of gravity to work, Newton had to invent calculus. His brilliance lies in the fact that he was able to connect the fact that the same force that forced objects to the ground was the same force that moved objects in space. He was able to comprehend how the moon was "falling" toward the earth. Newton developed his law…...

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Works Cited

Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House. 1983.

Craig, Virginia. "Biography: Isaac Newton." The American Mathematical Monthly. 8.8. 1901. JSTOR Resource Database. Information Retreived October 5, 2008.

Noble, Thomas, et al. Western Civilization: The Continuing Experience. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1994.

Pasachoff, Jay. Astronomy: From the Earth to the Universe. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing. 1991.

Isaac Newton was the greatest and the most influential scientist of all times. orn in Woolsthrope, England on a Christmas day in 1642 Newton was a bright child with an incredible mechanical aptitude. Newton entered the Cambridge University when he was eighteen years of age and soon he mastered the science and mathematical concepts of his time and went on to continue his independent research. It was during this period that Newton laid the foundation for the subsequent discoveries that were to revolutionize the scientific world. Newton was conferred the honorable Fellow of Royal Society of London in 1671.
Previously scientific research was totally bereft of any standardized principles. It is to the credit of Newton that he established a unified theory of approach to modern science. One of his earliest findings was the startling discovery of the nature of white light. Newton was the first to discern that white light…...

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Bibliography

Michael.H. Hart, "The 100, A Ranking of the Most influential Persons in History"

Isaac Newton', 1999, Meeraa publications.

Microsoft Encarta, "Isaac Newton," Accessed on 2nd, December 2002, http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.html

D.R.Wilkins, "Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)," Accessed on 2nd, 2002

Sir Isaac Newton: The Story of a Scientist and a Scholar
The Life of Isaac Newton, by Richard estfall, is a condensation of a much more detailed work, Never at Rest. By editing out a significant portion of the mathematics, estfall provides a shorter version of his research that is more understandable to the general audience (iv). hat is left is a highly detailed portrait of the famous English mathematician, physical scientist, and theologian, that is as intimate as possible, given the distance of time and the limited records that survive. estfall tells the story chronologically, beginning with the earliest traces of the Newton family that can be found in the English tax records and tracing their gradual prominence in the village of estby, located in Lincolnshire on the est Coast of England (3). Ultimately he describes the birth, on Christmas 1642, of Isaac Newton, the only son of a prosperous…...

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Works Cited

Westfall, Richard. The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Westfall, Richard. Preface. The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1993.

He was one of the leaders behind the formation of the colonies, and tried for a long time to reason with the British Government to find better treatment for his fellow colonists. In 1775, he went as head of a delegation to the court of George III, but received no support for his petitions. He was to remember that treatment when he returned, triumphant, in 1783 to help negotiate the end of the Revolutionary War.
Franklin had a lot to lose from fighting the British. He was Postmaster General, a position appointed by the Crown, and one of the most lucrative positions in the Colonies at the time. When Franklin joined with those backing independence, he abandoned his position. Of course, he became Postmaster General of the new United States.

Perhaps Franklin's greatest accomplishment, for which I admire him the most, was his bringing the French in on the American side…...

Moreover, his theories regarding the gravitation were supposed not to have been made possible without the attempts of his predecessors, as Galileo, to understand the world. Thus, Newton's luck may be put on the fact that he has lived in a period of discoveries, and, as he himself stated, he had seen further than other men, it is because he stood on the shoulders of giants.
All in all, Newton has been considered for almost 300 years to be the founding father of modern physical science, his discoveries being unprecedented, just as those in mathematical research. eing a polyvalent personality, he also studied chemistry, history and theology; his main method in all domains being the investigation of all forms and dimensions.

ibliography

Cohen, I. ernard, The Newtonian Revolution, Cambridge, 1980, 546 pages;

Koyre, Alexandre, Newtonian Studies, Harvard U. Press, 1965, 673 pages;

Westfall, Richard S., Never at Rest: A iography of Isaac Newton, Cambridge…...

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Bibliography

Cohen, I. Bernard, The Newtonian Revolution, Cambridge, 1980, 546 pages;

Koyre, Alexandre, Newtonian Studies, Harvard U. Press, 1965, 673 pages;

Westfall, Richard S., Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton, Cambridge 1980;

Isaac NEWTON, "The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy," University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1999;

It is noted that the corporeal world is the context to which this discussion specifically applies, with particles at the subatomic level not abiding the same principles. That said, a diagram included in the Nave explanation of Newton's laws helps to clarify that which is meant by the above equation. A man is shown swinging a golf club into a golf ball in one image and in the next image, he is shown swinging the club into moving truck. e take as a primary understanding from these images that the mass of the object struck will have a direct bearing on the force required to accelerate it. At an identical force, the man's swing might drive the golf ball several hundred yards while perhaps only denting the moving truck.
It was supplemented even further by the Third Law of Motion that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. This…...

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Works Cited:

Casco, M. (1999). Newton's Laws of Motion. The M. Casco Learning Center. Online at .

Motte, A. (trans.). (1729). Axioms or Laws of Motion. Isaac Newton's Principia 1687.

Online at  http://gravitee.tripod.com/axioms.htm 

Nave, R. (2000). Newton's Laws. Hyperphysics. Online at http://hyperphysics.phy-

Newton did believe in God, a divine being, whom he cited as the keeper of balance in the universe. In his Principia, he states that "This most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent Being…This Being governs all things, not as the soul of the world, but as Lord over all; and on account of his dominion he is won't to be called "Lord God" (Newton 42). He continues with a listing of the characteristics of this God: "The Supreme God is a Being eternal, infinite, absolutely perfect" (Newton 42). Newton had, in fact, been born into an Anglican family -- but he had also come to maturity during the Age of Enlightenment, which was primarily naturalistic in its worldview. Newton's beliefs in God were similar to those of the Deists. They did not make Newton a Christian…...

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Works Cited

Newton, Isaac. Principia. NY: Library of Classics, 1953.

Westfall, Richard. The Life of Isaac Newton. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

he second law, which states that rate of change of object's momentum is proportional to the force exerted upon it is the most practical law. his law is the logical continuation of the inertia law and explanation of Galileo's principle and transformations. Second law gives a prediction to what will happen with the object when a force acts on it: object's velocity will change and object will accelerate (with negative or positive acceleration). In order to understand the meaning of this law, mass is introduced. he mass of the object is a quantitative measure of inertia, which defines amount of matter contained in object. hat's why in modern interpretation the second law says that objects acceleration is directly proportional to the magnitude of the total force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. hat's why mass of the object also defines object's resistance to acceleration.

In terms of mathematics,…...

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Third law states that forces, which occur in pairs, are equal in magnitude, but are oppositely directed. Third law is mathematical conclusion of the law of conservation of momentum (as it can be stated that acceleration is a derivative of velocity and force is a derivative of momentum). Third law states that though forces of interaction are equal, accelerations may be different as masses of objects may be not the same.

Laws of Newton were proved more than 200 years ago on the base of everyday experiments and they serve as excellent approximation to kinematics and dynamics of objects in everyday life. These laws form the basis of classical mechanics, or mechanics of idealized macro world. They can be applied without errors to objects, which have speeds much smaller than relativistic speeds (speeds which are close to the speed of light). But even in relativistic world the form and essence of Newton's laws is preserved if relativistic space transformations are followed.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton 's_laws_of_motion

Newton's three laws of motion

In its most basic sense, this treaty abolished the age-old practice of electing a king of the Romans, a reference to the Holy Roman Empire; it gave France the geographical areas of Verdun, Alsace, Metz and a portion of Strasburg; Sweden was given West Pomerania, Stettin, Wismar and Bremen, known as bishoprics but now part of northern Germany; Bavaria retained the Upper Palatinate and all electoral titles, and Saxony retained Lusatia. Also, Spain was forced to fully recognize the United Provinces as a sovereign nation-state. Overall, the Treaty of Westphalia turned Europe into a conglomerate of separate political and economic nation-states that were only partially dependent on each other; the treaty also made it possible for mercantilism to spread throughout Europe, thus creating the foundation for many more years of conflict and war. In addition, this treaty also brought an end to the Eighty Years War between Spain and…...

This type of evolutionary thinking will challenge the initial creationist act as well. Many creationist currents, including the Christian one, believe that human life was also created through divine intervention, so any kind of such approach where life actually evolved to form the human being along the way takes away the special characteristics of human kind, as perceived by Christianity, for example. So, evolutionism virtually challenges the entire theological belief on the history of Earth and its inhabitants.

4. Logical positivism is based on general skepticism towards mythology, theology or metaphysics and on the idea that all true facts can and have to be verified in order to become veridical. In this sense, besides empiricism and materialism, verificationism is also one of the pillars on which logical positivism is based.

For a fact, proposition or idea to be cognitively meaningful, it has to be able to follow a particular path of cause-consequences…...

A favorite target for conspiracists today as well as in the past, a group of European intellectuals created the Order of the Illuminati in May 1776, in Bavaria, Germany, under the leadership of Adam Weishaupt (Atkins, 2002). In this regard, Stewart (2002) reports that, "The 'great' conspiracy organized in the last half of the eighteenth century through the efforts of a number of secret societies that were striving for a 'new order' of civilization to be governed by a small group of 'all-powerful rulers.' The most important of these societies, and the one to which all subsequent conspiracies could be traced, is the Illuminati founded in Bavaria on May 1, 1776 by Adam Weishaupt" (p. 424). According to Atkins, it was Weishaupt's fundamental and overriding goal to form a secret organization of elite members of Europe's leading citizens who could then strive to achieve the Enlightenment version of revolutionary…...

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References

American Psychological Association. (2002). Publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Anderson, J. (1981, 1723). The charges of a Free-Mason extracted from the ancient records of lodges beyond the sea, and of those in England, Scotland, and Ireland, for the use of the lodges in London: To be read at the making of new brethren, or when the master shall order it. Reprinted in The Radical Enlightenment: Pantheists, Freemasons, and Republicans, by M.C. Jacob, 279-285. London and Boston: Allen & Unwin in Harland-

Jacobs at p. 237.

Darwin
Had the Enlightenment adequately prepared 19th century readers for Darwin's Origin of the Species? The Enlightenment view of the science of life was neatly summed up by Diderot in his Encyclopedia, in many ways a signature product of the Enlightenment's dedication to setting forth the foundations of human knowledge. As Diderot notes in his prefaratory comments, what we call biology falls under the heading of "Natural History":

The divisions of natural history derive from the existing diversity of the facts of nature, and the diversity of the facts of nature from the diversity of the states of nature. Either nature is uniform and follows a regular course, such as one notes generally in celestial bodies, animals, vegetables, etc.; or it seems forced and displaced from its ordinary course, as in monsters; or it is restrained and put to different uses, as in the arts. Nature does everything, either in its ordinary…...

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Works Cited

Campbell, John Angus. Why Was Darwin Believed? Darwin's Origin and the Problem of Intellectual Revolution. Configurations 11.2 (2003) 203-237.

Cosans, Chris. Was Darwin a creationist? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48.3 (2005) 362-371.

Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Sixth Edition. Project Gutenberg. Accessed 25 March 2012 at:  http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2009/2009-h/2009-h.htm 

Diderot, Denis. "Detailed Explanation of the System of Human Knowledge." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Richard N. Accessed 25 March 2012 at:  http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0001.084