Symbolic-Interpretive Perspectives
Understanding Organizations through the Modern and Symbolic-Interpretive Lenses

Events and phenomena that occur in people's everyday lives can be looked at and interpreted through different lenses. In the field of sociology, these 'lenses' are termed as "perspectives," which defines and describes a specific "worldview" through which people might interpret a specific event or phenomenon. These perspectives can be applied in different areas or domains of a person's life; perspectives being sociological in their nature, they are almost always reflective of realities experienced by people, even if they differ in cultural and social backgrounds. Among the well-known perspectives in understanding social events and phenomena are the modernist and symbolic-interpretive perspectives. The modernist perspective is, by extension, known to be the anti-thesis of critical theory, another well-known perspective in the field of sociology.

In the sections that follow, these perspectives will be discussed in-depth and in more detail, particularly when applied to…...

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References

Cooper, R. (1989). "Modernism, post modernism and organizational analysis 3: the contribution of Jacques Derrida." Organization Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4.

Gibbs, J. (2009). "Culture as kaleidoscope: navigating cultural tensions in global collaboration." Association for Computing Machinery.

Jokinen, T. (Ed.). (2006). "Organizations and Management." In Estiem Vision of Cycles Seminar Proceedings. Oulu: Oulu University.

Mumby, D. (1997). "Modernism, postmodernism and communication studies: a rereading of an ongoing debate." Communication Theory, Vol. 7, No. 1.

So, the experiential tool kit for medieval dance must include some knowledge of the development of polyphonic music.
The prime function of lyric was to accompany dance. Churchmen many times attacked the practice of dance songs in the worship service as heretical. For instance, Gnostic churches loved dance in the religious service as a way to self-discovery and self-wisdom. The widespread condemnation of the practice would indicate how unstoppable it was and how popular it was. For this reason, we can readily explain why it was tolerated (Patterson 96).

2.

The argument in 2 is most like response D. To begin with, there is a statement in which one thing can not happen if another is true. In the statement, Columbus and Akron cannot both be in Carly Simon's tour route. In a similar line of logic, Annabelle will not vote for Anastasia if Alexis does not run. In the second part…...

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Works Cited

Diehl, Daniel, and Mark Donnelly. Medieval celebrations. London: Stackpole Books,

2001.

"Medieval Dance." Shoshone. Web. 24 May 2010.

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5%. Symptoms were prevelent enough to require the same kinds of injections one would get in high mountain climbing. The CO2, however, fluctuated daily probably because of a different manner in which drawdown during sunlight interacted with night respiration. The crew had to constantly monitor and tweak these levels, often by manipulating irrigation, cutting and storing biomass, and increasing or decreasing photosynthesis. Some thought that this unplanned fuxuation came about because of a series of microbial growth spurts in the soil (Marino and Odum, 1999).
The second stage of the experiment is what brought it to a close. It was scheduled to last from March 1994 to January 1995, but, because of a series of disputes between management, problems within the second crews dynamics, and members of the first crew violating the clsure rule, it was dissolved on September 6, 1994. Experts came into the facility and found that one ant…...

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REFERENCES

Arenson, K. (2003, September 9). Columbia University Ends Its Association With Biosphere 2. Retrieved September 18, 2010, from The New York Times:  http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E7D6173BF93AA3575AC0A9659C8B63 

Broad, W. (1996, November 19). Paradise Lost: Biosphere Retooled as Atmospheric Nightmare. Retrieved September 18, 2010, from The New York Times:  http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2D9133AF93AA25752C1A960958260 

Erickson, M. (2005). Science, Culture, and Society. Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Marino and Odum. (1999). Biosphere 2: Research Past and Present. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.

He dies on the beach as he is trying to rise out of his chair and go to meet the boy.
Mann's story is reflective of an artist who has come to realize that his art has been false since it has not come from a place of true emotion and passion. The story has parallels with Euripides' The Bachae, in which the hero Pentheus is repressed in his artistic approach to life until he comes to inject elements of Dionysian revelry into his life, whereupon he dresses up in youthful clothes (like the old man Aschenbach met on his journey), and throws himself into life. In a passage in which Aschenbach quotes Plato's Phaedras, he also makes his own realization that he has been repressed because he hasn't accepted the beauty of emotion and passion into his art. His attraction to the boy Tadzio has made him aware of…...

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References

Euripides. Three Plays of Euripides: Alcestis, Medea, The Bachae, Paul Roche, Trans., New York: WW Norton, 1974.

Mann, Thomas. Death in Venice. Stanley Applebaum, Trans., Mineola, NY: Dover, 1995.

Plato. Plato's Paedras. R. Hackforth, Trans., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1972.

Ralph aldo Emerson's idealized and mesmerizing description of the role and life of the poet describes not only the particular calling and obligation of those who choose to follow the poetic muses but also -- because of Emerson's own influence on the writings of Americans who followed him -- proved to be a strongly proscriptive piece of advice for other poets and writers in the decades after Emerson helped to found the 19th-century artistic and philosophical movement called Transcendentalism. The Transcendentalists defined themselves by their belief in a highly idealistic and fundamentally coherent system of belief in the essential unity of all things on earth -- the connection of each thing to its neighbor -- as well as a belief in the absolute importance of personal experience and insight (as opposed to knowledge and beliefs gained through formal logic and formal education) and the essential goodness of humanity.
e can see…...

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Works Cited

http://www.liglobal.com/walt/songofmyself/song21.html

 http://www.vcu.edu

Hermeneutics (interpretive) paradigm

This is a more complex approach to the explanation of the social events live poverty. Basically it deals with a detailed interpretation of written/oral histories to explain current social order and the social happenings like poverty among other factors. There are varies backgrounds that people come from, an in each community or society or even culture, there is always the stories of people and how they lived with each other. Therein are the details of the people who were once rich within that society as well as those who were poor (Joe eichertz, 2012).

The historical poverty within a given group of people is a thing that is found among all religions and all cultural groupings. Even in the Bible, there are those who were historically known to be from the richer tribes and those from the poorer tribes. It is on the same vain that the historical material…...

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References

Haralambos and Holborn. Sociology: Themes and Perspective. 5th Edition, page 11). Collins

Educational.(2001).

Joe Reichertz, (2012). Objective Hermeneutics and Hermeneutic Sociology of Knowledge.

Retrieved February 27, 2012 form  https://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/kowi/hermeneutikenglisch.pdf

3. How does the author discuss the relationship between the individual and society?

Once again, interpretivism sees this relationship as a complex and intricate set of actions and interactions that are largely dependent on cultural and social context. In other words, there is no "correct "view of self but rather self and the individual's relationship with society is a result of interaction in different contexts. This view is contrasted with the more objective views of functionalism and Marxism, where the self is seen either in terms of its functional relation to the society or as an object of social repression.

4. How does the author distinguish human actions from other forms of human behavior?

As has been mentioned, the stress in this article is on the importance of context in the interpretivist view of the individual and society. It is this understanding of context that acts as the determining factor in human action…...

Social Science
There are, of course, a number of theoretical approaches to social science -- and a number of sub-theories that construct a larger, more detailed template that helps us critique the differences between critical social science, and the positivist and interpretive views. eally, as noted, there are a number of means to an end. There are some fundamental questions that social scientists must answer that have been seminal questions for millennium -- namely; from where does knowledge arise -- how do we "know" what we know. We can be as basic as going back to Plato's ideas of forms being individual -- my red is not your red, etc. But really, what is the major question with which we must deal? It is, of course, using critical thinking to uncover more information so that we may act upon it in a professional manner.

Critical thinking is primarily a way of…...

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REFERENCES

Brown, M. And S. Keeley. (2009). Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical

Thinking. 9th ed. New York: Prentice Hall.

Gilcken, M. (2010). Social Work in the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Political Inquiry
Utility of Political Inquiry Models: Scientific vs. Interpretive

Scientific methods of inquiry, also called empirical, positivist, or rational approaches, are used by the vast majority of researchers in the social sciences (deLeon, 1998). The scientific approach has largely relied on a behaviorist approach, which defines human behavior as following the laws of nature and therefore inherently predicable. The logical conclusion from this is that the goal of political research is being able to predict the behavior of humans as they engage in politics. As Douglas Torgerson stated in 1986, "… knowledge would replace politics" (as cited by deLeon, 1998, p. 148).

In contrast, the interpretive school of political inquiry advocates for a more nuanced approach, one that recognizes that human behavior, whether by individuals or groups, is far too complex to render it reducible to quantitative measures (deLeon, 1998). Rather than having a goal of being able to predict human behavior,…...

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Works Cited

Coffield, C. Ditmar. "Welfare Reform in Indiana: The Political Economy of Restricting Access to Education and Training." Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 23.3 (2002): 261-284. Print.

Connolly, William. The Terms of Political Discourse, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. Print.

deLeon, Peter. "Models of Policy Discourse: Insights vs. Predictions." Policy Studies Journal, 26.1 (1998): 147-161. Print.

Manos, Steven S. "From Welfare to Work and Vice Versa." New York Times 30 June 1994: A22. Web. 27 Feb. 2013.

To prove either side of the argument, the sensitivity and impact needs to be assessed -- there is no blanket rule of everything being transparent, or everything being private; it is dependent upon the sensitivity and overall impact of the issue at hand.
3. ources: Hunold, C. And B. Peters. (2004). "Bureaucratic Discretion and Deliverative Democracy." Transformation in Governance. IGI Publishing; Holzer, M. And K. Yang. (April 1, 2005). "Administrative Discretion in a Turbulent Time: An Introduction. Public Administration Quarterly. Cited in: www.highbeamresearch.com.

4. How does a cost-benefit analysis used in the determination of due process?

Using, for example, Miranda v Arizona, a cost-benefit analysis is used to determine due-process in the sense of the decision's impact on law enforcement and the community needs to be taken into consideration before a ruling of using Miranda, 5th Amendment Rights, and basic procedures. The Rehnquist Court's decision in the idea of cost-benefit, despite Justice…...

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Sources: Administrative Procedure Act of (1946); Federal Administrative Procedure Act, Cited in:  http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/Courses/study_aids/adlaw/ 

4. Distinguish among the following three terms: procedural rules, interpretive rules, and substantive rules. Explain the meaning and use of each.

a. Procedural Rules are rules that govern how prosecutions are conducted. The rules, which may be Federal or State, and may also govern different types of legal proceeding, e.g. criminal, are designed as a guide or template for the manner in which the Court proceeds on a given matter -- what it hears, what happens, and in what manner are issues resolved. The rules are designed to protect due process and ensure a fair and consistent application across the board. Essentially, Procedural Rules outline a "means" of conducting a court action. Creation of law.

b. Interpretive Rules -- Used in various ways depending on Federal, State, or local, they are the Court's view of the specific rule and the interpretation of its meaning. Known sometimes as the "legal effect" test, sometimes interpretive rules suggest or even engender new law. At times, law is so complex in specific cases or events, that a greater "interpretation" of the intent

The theory sees human organizational behaviors and conceptions culturally bound, rather than natural, unlike advocates of systems theory. Systems theory has been more influenced by sociology and linguistics than the natural sciences.
Analyzing symbolic interpretations may be more useful in organizations serving diverse populations: if a public health organization wants to alleviate the prevalence of diabetes in an area, it is not enough to more effectively disseminate information through the existing channels of communication (as systems theory might suggest) or even change the environment to create healthy options for consumption. Rather the people being served may require counseling to change what they consider good foods, a healthy diet, and a positive body image, if their culture tends to reinforce unhealthy practices. An ideological overhaul is necessary to change some behaviors, like the decreased social acceptability of smoking, for example. Organizations are social as well as formal, and cultural in nature…...

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Works Cited

Hatch, Mary Jo. (1997). Organization theory: Modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives.

Oxford University Press, 2nd edition.

For example, one may see that there are "various interpretations" of certain news stories in which the subtext of what is said suggests a different story than the main narrative. While I know that often such in-depth reading is confined to the academic realm, this is not a necessary confinement. I truly understand that few things in life or in literature have just one interpretation or level of understanding, and it is therefore important to pay attention to all the details.
5. Apply literary terms and interpretive techniques to read, discuss, and write about literature.

Obviously as a teacher and as a student I have had a great deal of experience using literary techniques to discuss literature. I understand that literature interpretation is as independent discipline and like all fields has specific terminology with which one must be familiar in order to function. I am familiar with and understand a vast…...

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Bibliography

Gorski, Paul and Covert, Bob. "Defining Multicultural Education" Multicultural Pavilion: Working Definitions.  http://edchange.org/multicultural/initial.html 

The Parts of an Argument." The Writing Center, University of Virginia Writing Program.  http://www.engl.virginia.edu/writing/wctr/Parts.html

Managing Barriers
Barriers encountered in the Capstone project revolved around the idea that the staff felt it was not there job to read rhythm strips, and did not make the time to get off the floor for any continuing education. Good leadership can help eliminate these kinds of problems, as the problems have to be addressed from the standpoint of people who will insist that everyone does his or her job and makes the time to get involved with things like continuing education. As can be seen, there are generally a number of barriers that are encountered when trying to implement a change in practice. Even if that change will resolve a problem or address a concern, many people are still going to be resistant to it. The main barriers can include resistance to change from staff, lack of leadership, lack of resources (both financial and fiscal), environment, communication, and…...

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References

American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements (Publication no. CEN21 10M 08/03). Washington, DC: Author.

Finkelman, A., & Kenner, C. (2010). Professional nursing concepts. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Funk, S.G., Tornquist, E., & Champagne, M.T. (1991). BARRIERS: The barriers to research utilizations scale. Applied Nursing Research, 4, 39-45.

Pexton, C. (2005). Overcoming the barriers to change in the healthcare system. Retrieved from  http://healthcare.isixsigma.com/library/content/c050413a.asp

Alternatively, the person or group acknowledged as a legitimate representative may wish that the museum could continue to hold an object for the benefit of the other party." (oyd, nd; p. 196) in this instance there should be clarity in the "terms and responsibilities of such holding..." (oyd, nd; p.196) oyd relates that in a museum that is 'collection-based' deaccession is an issue that is "exceedingly contentious" (p. 196) in nature, and in fact "much more so than the decision to acquire." (p. 196)
IV. DEFINITION of a MUSEUM & REFINEMENT of COLLECTIONS

oyd relates that museums are "more than repositories; they are places where collections are interpreted for the public through exhibits and related educational programs." (oyd, nd; p.199) it is important to note the statement of oyd that the museums interpretation of their collections "changes over time with the emergence of new 'techniques, scholarship, and viewpoints.'" (oyd, nd; p.199)…...

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Bibliography

Coutoure, Carol (2005) Archival Appraisal: A Status Report. Archivaria 59.

McKemmish, Sue, Gilliland-Swetland, Anne, and Ketelaar, Eric (2005) Communities of Memory: Pluralizing Archival Research and Education Agendas. Archives & Manuscripts 33 no. 1. 2005.

Bunch, Lonnie G. (1995) Fighting the Good Fight: Museums in an Age of Uncertainty. Museum News (March/April 1995): 35.

Bowker, G.D. (2005) the Local Knowledge of a Globalizing Ethnos - in 'Memory practices in the Sciences' Cambridge Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2005. 207.

For example, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Texas will need over 82,000 new teachers by 2008 (as noted in Justice & Espinoza, 2007). Many teachers are leaving the profession within five years of being employed. In order to reduce these numbers, schools are now looking more seriously at teacher preparation programs. In one study described by Justice and Espinoza (2007), 160 beginning teacher candidates were surveyed using the Emotional Skills Assessment Process. According to the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the candidates needed to strengthen skills in assertion, comfort, empathy, decision making, drive strength, time management, commitment ethic, self-esteem, stress management and deference. The skills leadership, aggression, and change orientation were current strengths. To face the challenges of a diverse classroom, teachers needed to develop or strengthen specific skills if they were going to have a longer teaching career.

Goleman (1995) is credited in Emotional Intelligence with encouraging many educators to…...

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References

Calderhead, J. & Shorrock, S. (1997) Understanding Teacher Education. London: Falmer

Press.

Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Dunlop, F. (1984) the Education of Feeling and Emotion. London: Allen & Unwin.

Many people are familiar with the word “canon” as it is used when discussing fictional works.  It refers to those books or other works that are an official part of the created world, as opposed to those created by others, like fan fiction.  It also distinguishes the written word from speculation or theories built on that word, but not directly supported by it.  Canon has a similar meaning in Biblical studies of the New Testament.  It refers specifically to those books believed to have been divinely inspired and incorporated into the New Testament.  This makes Christianity somewhat different from many....

1. Explain the concept of the Forms in Plato's philosophy and discuss its significance in his understanding of reality.

2. Compare and contrast Plato's views on education with contemporary educational practices.

3. Analyze Plato's theory of justice as articulated in his Republic and consider its implications for contemporary society.

4. Discuss the role of women in Plato's ideal society as outlined in The Republic and evaluate his views on gender equality.

5. Explore the concept of "philosopher-kings" in Plato's political philosophy and assess their suitability as rulers.

6. Examine Plato's belief in the immortality of the soul and consider its implications for his ethical and....

One potential essay topic related to mythological influence on Chaucer could be the presence of classical myths in Chaucer's works, such as the use of Greek or Roman gods and goddesses in his poetry. Another possible topic could be the ways in which Chaucer incorporates elements of medieval Christian mythology, such as saints and miracles, into his writing. Additionally, the influence of Celtic or Norse mythology on Chaucer's work could be another interesting essay subject to explore. Overall, there are many potential avenues to explore the intersection of mythology and Chaucer's writing in a compelling essay.
One intriguing aspect to consider....

Qualitative Research Essay Topic Ideas

1. The Role of Reflexivity in Qualitative Research

The researcher's positionality and its impact on data collection and analysis
Strategies for enhancing reflexivity and minimizing bias
Ethical considerations in reflexive qualitative research

2. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) in Qualitative Research

Theoretical foundations and methodological approach of IPA
Applications of IPA in various research contexts
Strengths and limitations of IPA as a qualitative research method

3. Grounded Theory in Qualitative Research

Inductive and iterative nature of grounded theory
Techniques for data collection and analysis in grounded theory
The role of theory development and saturation in grounded theory research

4. Ethnography....