The effect of these sanctions can range from the alterations in the foreign policy to the declining export of oil for the country. One domain that has been exposed to restricted development is the oil industry. However it is also noteworthy that the economy of Iran is not entirely dependent on the export of oil for its growth (Momeni, Najafi, & Fathollahi, 2012). Moreover, the sanctions had a negative impact on the potential influx of foreign investors while Iran has also contested these sanctions on various grounds in different organizations. Such a situation has influenced the pace of development of the country. Nevertheless other researchers have persuasively argued that these sanctions have targeted the oil and gas industry, but other businesses embedded in the traditional industries of Iran had trivial effects from such sanctions. Therefore, it has been concluded that the business related to small firms have displayed no…...

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Reference:

Abbott, K.W., & Snidal, D. (1998). Why states act through formal international organizations. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42(1), 3-32.

Momeni, F., Najafi, S.M.B., & Fathollahi, J. (2012). The Necessity of Economic Structural Transformation in Developing Countries toward a Knowledge-based Economy Case Study: Iran.

Nonetheless these actions and missions had to have the agreement of the national states. Therefore, the strategy implied a complex relation between the transnational and the national levels. At the same time however, the health problems that could have arisen in the area demanded cooperation between the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization. Therefore it is obvious that such situations as a national disaster or a war related result determined the consideration of an approach that established particular relations not with the entire national government, but rather to the precise segment that deals with the respective issue.
Although Slaughter's article was written prior to the 9/11 events, the acts which followed the terrorist attacks tend to underline the viability of the theory she discussed in 1997. More precisely, after the terrorist phenomenon was labeled as a worldwide threat that cannot be addressed without the cooperation of all the…...

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References

Russbach, O. 1994. ONU contre ONU. Le droit international confisque. Edition La Decouverte. Paris.

Slaughter, a. 1997. 'The real new world order'. Foreign Affairs. vol. 76, no. 3, pp 183-197.

However, although the institutionalist perspective may marginally be the more persuasive, it too has a flaw in the sense that it does not allow for sufficient diversity of interests that may transcend borders and impede international cooperation -- a Jewish supporter of Israel in the U.S. may not support his or her nation's attempt to facilitate economic and political cooperation with Saudi Arabia, and an unemployed American factory worker may support protectionism, even though many Americans may want to buy cheaper cars from Japan, and Japanese manufactures may be eager to meet this demand.
Are you convinced by the argument that states have lost a significant measure of their sovereignty to supranational institutions like the TO, the UN or the IMF?

The answer to this question is likely dependant upon what state you are a member of -- a nation opposed to the U.S. invasion of Iraq might state that the…...

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Works Cited

Theories of IR." PowerPoint Lecture. PSC 124. Syracuse University. 10 May 2007.  http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/hpschmitz/PSC124/PSC124Institutionalism.ppt#347,8,Rationalcooperation

For example, many within Mexico complain that the agenda of the United States, and secondarily, Canada overshadows any legitimate concerns that Mexico may have. One of the best examples of this was the recent NAFTA meeting in Texas between the three nations -- not only did the United States agenda hold center stage despite legitimate and serious Mexican concerns, but Mexico had literally no choice but to go along with the meeting, knowing full well that it had no alternative (Economist, 2005). Although Mexico is currently taking steps to form other trade agreements with non-NAFTA member nations, this does not lessen the ineffective nature or the imbalance of international organizations like NAFTA.
Finally, and perhaps most famously, the United Nations, supposedly one of the most influential international organizations on earth, has repeatedly been stymied in its efforts to accomplish important international tasks. One of the best examples of this is…...

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Works Cited

CPJ. Center for Public Justice. "Rebalancing NATO." Web site. 2004. Retrieved on May 2, 2005   NATOhttp://www.cpjustice.org/stories/storyReader$1170Rebalancing 

Economist.com. "Country Briefings: Mexico." The Economist Online. 22 March, 2005. Retrieved from Web site on March 29, 2005  http://www.economist.com/countries/Mexico/profile.cfm?folder=Profile%2DPolitical%20Structure 

McMahon, Janet. "Hague Conference Considers Ways to Implement ICJ Ruling on Israel's Wall." Washington Report. 2005. January/February, pages 12-14.

NATO.org. (Staff). "What is NATO?" Web site. 2005. Retrieved on May 2, 2005  http://www.nato.int/#

International Organizations
There are a number of difficulties involved in developing international organizations. These can include a lack of internationalization, poor economic growth, and relationships with other associations. Most international organizations have largely rejected the American federal model of institutional organization. It is likely that internationalization and globalization trends will continue to grow, contributing to the rise of the global citizen and the demise of the nation, as well as a continued rise in the power and scope of international organizations.

Since the end of WWII, there has been a strong growth of international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Today, there are tens of thousands of NGOs worldwide that act to shape international affairs and the lives of individuals (Iriye).

The development of international organizations has had a profound impact on today's world. Today, international organizations can include environmental organizations, religious organizations, multinational corporations, regional communities, and transnational private associations, among others. International organizations have…...

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References

Iriye, Akira. 2002. Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Judge, Anthony. 1971. Significance of the World Network of Organizations. Part G of: Next Step in Inter-organizational Relationships. Laetus in Praesens. 15 July 2004.  http://www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs70s/71next/nextg.php 

Union of International Associations. 5.1 Borderline categories. 5. Problems of classifying international organizations. 15 July 2004.  http://www.uia.org/organizations/orgtypes/orgtypef.php

As to the Korean businessmen, they are more paricularists as they confer a personal meaning even to business acts: for instance the business cards that need to be answered in public, the drinking that welcomes one into the group. Their openness to confessions towards performance is another sign of this dimension.
With respect to the affective-neutral dimension, the U.S. is representative of the affective dimension as consultants in the case (e.g. Andrew raising his voice to the Korean management representative) express emotions freely. aising the voice denotes anger, a very strong emotion that in Korean environment is not freely expressed. The attitude of the Koreans towards such outbursts is of understanding and patience. (Scott's confrontational meeting with one of the Korean consultants concerning this issue of how organizational processes should be flowcharted). The Koreans consider the expression of emotions improper and avoid such emotional outbursts. Moreover, neutrality is a characteristic…...

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References

Rao, Pramila, Teegen, H., "Human Resource Issues: U.S.-Mexico Joint Ventures," retrieved from www.solutionsabroad.com/d_jointventuremexico.asp

Barkema, H. & F. Vermeulen (1997). "What differences in the cultural backgrounds of partners are detrimental for international joint ventures?" Journal of International Business Studies 28:4, 845-864.

Schneider, S.C. & A. De Meyer (1991). "Interpreting and responding to strategic issues: The impact of national culture." Strategic Management Journal 12, 307 -320.

Hofstede, G. (1994). "Business Cultures." The UNESCO Courier, 30(4): 12-14.

" If no major problems are found, or an improvement plan from the management showing how any problems will be resolved is received, the certification body will issue an ISO 9001 certificate for each geographical site of the company it has visited. Certification is offered on a "pass/fail" basis only and must be renewed at regular intervals, usually every three years.
The ISO 9001:2000 is a revised version of the quality standard management system which incorporates three previous versions used by the ISO. The 2000 revision brought to light the importance of a company's process management, especially in those companies who produce a physical final product. The 2000 version also specifically requires involvement by upper executives to maintain quality, the numerical measurements for the effectiveness of tasks and activities, planning of continual process improvement and customer satisfaction tracking. Future revisions of the ISO 9000 are also expected since feedback between certification…...

International Organization Negotiations & Governance
Good morning. The principal big-picture question for us today is how we protect people worldwide from the continuing slaughter of war. Can international organizations help to prevent war? An appalling amount of blood has been spilled over the course of history. ar has caused millions of people to be killed. Innocent people and others engaged in fighting are gone. Can this carnage be slowed down, or even stopped, through the involvement of international organizations? Diplomacy is a wonderful concept and leaders rely on the use of the word -- but why has diplomacy failed in so many instances? e will delve into this issue with reference to the Gulf ar and the UN's power in conjunction with America's power.

hat causes war? In the past most wars have been fought over land, territory, resources like oil or gold. These are tangible reasons for fighting. A nation sees…...

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Works Cited

Security. Case Study 1: Iraq

Propriety of International Organizations Instituting Awards or Prizes Funded by Corrupt Dictators Like Theodoro Obriang of Guinea Equatorial
It defies convention that, in this modern era, powerful and autocratic dictators come into power and cling on to their seats with military backings and continue to rule their countries without any legal impediments. Their wish is the rule of the law in their countries, and many have been accused of creating Auschwitz like camps, torturing their opponents into submission, and some say there are those who even indulge in cannibalism to seek black power supposedly to enhance their staying power and for protection against attempts on their lives.

One such dictator who ideally fits all the description enumerated above and has been a continuous ruler of his country for the past 32 years is Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, dictator and president of Equatorial Guinea who came into power in a bloody coup in…...

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References

Joshua, N. (2011). News Article Topic: The world's enduring dictators: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Equatorial Guinea, Published date: May 22, 2011, Retrieved from  http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20065072-503543.html .

Robert, P. (2011). News Article: Son of Equatorial Guinea's dictator plans one of the world's most expensive yachts, Published date: 28th February 2011, Retrieved from  

International Organizations Impact Incarceration and Prison Management in Brazil
People incarcerated in prisons from developing countries like Brazil face long years of confinement in dirty and cramped quarters. Some of the harsh conditions the prisons present include inadequate hygiene, insufficient food allocations, and no clothing or other basic amenities. Even as the conditions do not form a pattern across the continent, the prevalence hits higher concerns requiring intervention from international organizations. The interactions allow resident prison managers to address inadequacies through prison reform and increased attention towards human rights. Various barriers include state secrecy, absence of public interest, and weak civil society inhibiting collection of sustainable information on the deplorable prisons. The veil of ignorance on the kinds of prison conditions that fuel abuse and neglect of people incarcerated makes it imperative for investigation of prison trends. International organizations generate information regarding issues that affect the penal system of the…...

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References

Adetula, G. A, Adetula, A., & Fatusin, A. (2010). The prison subsystem culture: Its attitudinal effects on operatives, convicts and the free society. Ife Psychologia. 18(1): 232-251

Austin, J.E. (2008). Strategic Management In Developing Countries. New York: Simon and Schuster

Baer, L.D., & Ravneberg, B. (2008). The outside and inside in Norwegian and English prisons. Geografiska Annaler Series B: Human Geography, 90(2), 205-216.

Friedman, A., & Parenti, C., (2013). Capitalist Punishment: Prison Privatization and Human Rights. New York: SCB Distributors

The focus of the U.N. later this year in their global summit in Copenhagen will focus on the role of women in emerging economies and the contribution their businesses make. To illustrate how strongly the UN sees their mission about helping underprivileged nations, UN undersecretary -general for humanitarian affairs, Jan Egeland called developed nations "stingy" when it came to their contributions to 3rd world nations' welfare (Sharma, 2005). The bottom line is that these organizations are all focused more on the humanitarian missions they cooperate on and less on selfish strategies for gain.
eferences

Graham Bird & Dane owlands. (2007). The IMF and the Mobilisation of Foreign Aid. The Journal of Development Studies, 43(5), 856-870.

Capling, a., & Higgott, . (2009). Introduction: The Future of the Multilateral Trade System-What ole for the World Trade Organization? Global Governance, 15(3), 313-325.

Shalendra Sharma. (2005). The…...

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References

Graham Bird & Dane Rowlands. (2007). The IMF and the Mobilisation of Foreign Aid. The Journal of Development Studies, 43(5), 856-870.

Capling, a., & Higgott, R. (2009). Introduction: The Future of the Multilateral Trade System-What Role for the World Trade Organization? Global Governance, 15(3), 313-325.

Shalendra Sharma. (2005). The Encouraging Truth About Foreign Aid. Challenge, 48(4), 11-25.

("ISO 14025 Published," 2006.)
ISO 14040: ISO 14040 describes the principles and framework for life cycle assessment (LCA). It covers LCA studies and life cycle inventory (LCI) studies but does not describe the LCA technique in detail, nor does it specify methodologies for the individual phases of the LCA. The standard allows a company to make reliable and reusable Life Cycle Assessments.

ISO 14044: While 14040 describes the principles and framework of LCA, 14044 provides the requirements and guidelines for life cycle assessment (LCA). ISO 14044 complements ISO 14040 described above and the two standards are usually used in conjunction.

ISO 9000: ISO 9000 is a family of standards for quality management systems. ISO 9000: 2005 by itself covers just the basics of what quality management systems are and includes the core language of the ISO 9000 series of standards. It is a guidance document, not used for certification purposes, but it…...

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References

Governance and operations." (2008). ISO: Official Website. Retrieved on November 24, 2008 at  http://www.iso.org/iso/about/governance_and_operations.htm 

ISO 14025 Published." (2006). GEDNET. Retrieved on November 24, 2008 at http://www.gednet.org/?p=22

ISO Code of Ethics." (2004). ISO: Official Website. Retrieved on November 24, 2008 at  http://www.iso.org/iso/codeethics_2004.pdf 

ISO Strategic Plan 2005-2015." (2004). ISO: Official Website. Retrieved on November 24, 2008 at  http://www.iso.org/iso/isostrategies_2004-en.pdf

"
As it applies specifically to the ISO 9001:2008 which replaced the ISO9002: 1994, the ISO 9001 concerns itself with quality management. In fact it is a quality management system that establishes various requirements ("ISO 9001:2008"). In order to gain certification the organization must:

1. Demonstrate its capacity to consistently offer product that meets customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements ("ISO 9001:2008").

2. Plan to improve customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system ("ISO 9001:2008"). This plan will include procedures that enforce continual improvement of the system and the pledge of conformity to customer and proper statutory and regulatory requirements ("ISO 9001:2008").

It is also the case that all the provisions established by the ISO 9001:2008 are universal and intended to be pertinent to all organizations, despite their nature, size or product manufactured ("ISO 9001:2008"). Additionally

"Where any requirement(s) of ISO 9001:2008 cannot be applied due to the nature of an organization…...

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Bibliography

"Background."  http://www.sirim.my/corp_background.asp 

Benner, M.J., F.M. Veloso. 2008. ISO 9000 practices and financial performance: A technology coherence perspective. Journal of Operations Management 26: 611 -- 629.

Corbett, C., Luca, A., Pan, J. (2003), "Global perspectives on global standards," ISO Management Systems, No.January-February, .

"ISO 9001:2008."  http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486

Safety
International disaster management organizations help states that are hit by major disaster or faced with serious repercussions due to environmental conditions. They are also involved in mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery of disasters around the world. The organizations work closely with agencies and programs to help countries in reducing hazard vulnerability. They reduce these hazards by, increasing capacity of nations and their citizens. The motivating concepts guiding disaster management are the reduction of harm to life, environment and property, and are largely the same throughout the world. Capacity to carry out this mission is different due to cultural, economic, social and political reasons. International organizations in the course of their workface different concerns, and they always remain under the control of their countries.

Socio-economic and political concerns

Adoption of disaster management policies is difficult in developing countries due to lack of funds. There has also been a problem with coordination between the…...

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References

Damon, P. (2011). Introduction to International Disaster Management. Atlanata: Elsevier.

Rodriguea, H.E. (2007)(Handbook of Disaster Research). London: Springer.

There have been important controversies also related to the austerity programs that the IMF supports as a condition of giving financial loans. Joseph Stiglitz was an important opponent of such programs, underlying that increasing taxes in a weak economy destabilizes the economy even further and that this was a Monetarist approach aimed at supporting Western interests rather than those of the developing countries. To some degree, this is true and some of the failures of the IMF, including the Argentinean crisis are good arguments in this sense.

Argentina has been cited as one of the failures of the IMF, mainly because the budgetary restrictions that were imposed under the IMF programs did not allow the government to develop its own projects and affected economic growth. Countries like the Philippines have argued that the IMF program has helped their economy significantly, while Turkey's rebound at the beginning of 2000s is also a…...

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Bibliography

1. Hanlon, Joseph. November 1998. Dictators and Debt. On the Internet at retrieved on October 30, 2008http://www.jubileeresearch.org/analysis/reports/dictatorsreport.htm.Last

2. Budhoo, Davidson. 1990. Enough is Enough: Dear Mr. Camdessus... Open Letter to the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. New York: New Horizons Press.

3. Stiglitz, Joseph. 2002. Globalization and its Discontents. New York: WW Norton & Company

4. Ramos, Fidel. An IMF Success Story. On the Internet at retrieved on October 30, 2008http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Pool/1644/ramos2.html.Last

The term global perspective actually has a few different meanings, depending on the discipline.  It can refer to an individual’s personal lens and how they view the globe; to various perspectives about an issue from around the globe; and to views linked to globalization and the impact of individual or nation-wide actions on the world and its inhabitants.   We are going to provide a range of topic suggestions that incorporate all of these different definitions of global perspectives, with the most suggestions coming from the last topic, as it is the most commonly used across academic disciplines.

A-levels....