For example, the company has consistently focused on identifying the optimal source for its aircraft components. To date, the company has outsourced more than 50% of its total manufacturing needs to overseas suppliers, resulting in $600 million in cost savings annually. The parts needed for a given aircraft are then delivered to the company's Everett plant where just-in-time principles reduce inventory levels and provide further cost savings. This approach has been met with some protests from Boeing workers, though, but the company counters that it is not possible to remain competitive without using this outsourcing strategy. Moreover, in many cases, when foreign countries purchase aircraft from Boeing, one of the stipulations includes that at least some of the work on the aircraft will be performed in that country (Heizer & ender, p. 27).
The supply chain managers at Boeing therefore have their job cut out for them when it comes…...
mlaReferences
"Boeing Auburn Machine Fabrication." 2000, August 20 in 'Pursuing Perfection:
Case Studies Examining Lean Manufacturing Strategies, Pollution Prevention, and Environmental Regulatory Management Implications' [online] available: http://www.
epa.gov/lean/perfection.pdf.
"Boeing profile." 2011 Boeing Official Web Site. [online] available: http://www.boeing.
International Operations
Companies decide to internationalize operations when the local market becomes saturated as a method to continue to grow and increase market share. Internationalization is the process by which companies shift operations from their home country into foreign markets. This process can be accomplished through a number of methods depending on the size, resources and strategy of the company.
Methods of International Operation
Companies will normally expand into international operations by exporting to overseas markets through independent channels or by licensing foreign manufacturers to produce products for overseas markets (Dicken 2003, p. 207). The next step is for a company to establish sales outlets in overseas markets by either buying a local company or setting up a new facility (Dicken 2003, p. 207). The last stage in internationalization is when a company establishes production facilities overseas by either buying another firm or setting up facilities (Dicken 2003, p. 207).
III. International Strategy for…...
mlaReferences
Cardiochek, 2008. Company Information, [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 Dec. 2010]
Dickens, Peter, 2003. Global Shift. 4th ed. London: Sage Publications.
Wall, J.K. (2007, June 25). As Barriers Drop, Even Small Firms Go Global, [online] Indianapolis Business Journal, 28 (16), p. A8 Available at [Accessed 19 Dec. 2010]
Impact of Trade Barriers
There are several pizza franchises that operate internationally, and this is an opportunity open to Papa John's as well. Both Pizza Hut and Domino's have major international operations, and these have been facilitated by a reduction in trade barriers (Buss, 2013). International expansion, especially to emerging markets, has formed a part of the company's growth strategy since 2013 (Euromonitor, 2013). When trade barriers are reduced, this helps franchise businesses in a couple of key ways. First, it allows them to source inputs from anywhere it is cheapest. Papa John's might get its ingredients from America, but it may get its ovens from China, and its cardboard boxes from Canada – wherever is cheapest and trade makes foreign goods much cheaper than they otherwise would be without the reduction of those trade barriers. The other way that declining trade barriers help franchises like Papa John's is that it…...
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.'s International Operations Process
Current International Operations Process
As the largest retailer in the world, Wal-Mart's international operations process is of course highly complex, but it is still fairly straightforward to understand. The company's international interests are far-flung and assume various forms around the world, but Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ("Wal-Mart") organizes its business into three core segments to accomplish its operations processing:
Wal-Mart Stores. The Wal-Mart Stores segment is further comprised of three different retail formats, 1) Discount Stores, 2) Supercenters and 3) Neighborhood Markets (all of these format are located in the United States) (Wal-Mart, 2005).
Sam's Clubs. This segment consists solely of membership warehouse clubs, also all located in the U.S.; at the end of last year, Wal-Mart operated 1,478 Discount Stores, 1,471 Supercenters, 538 Sam's Clubs, as well as 64 Neighborhood Markets in the United States (Wal-Mart, 2005).
International. (Wal-Mart, 2005). The final segment operates in eight countries and…...
mlaReferences
Chambers, H.E. (2001). Effective communication skills for scientific and technical professionals. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (2005). Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved April 17, 2005 from yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WMT.http://finance.
Wal-Mart Fact Sheets. (2005). Retrieved April 17, 2005 from / doyouknow/default.aspx#a27.http://www.walmartfacts.com
upper and lower control limits for a sample size of 100?
atio when process in under control: 10 to 1,000,000 = .00001
Thus:
Upper Control Limit: .009497
Control Limit: .00001
Lower Control Limit: .
(Shmueli, 2005)
(Defects per sample, 100)
UCL = 0.009497
CL = 0.000010
LCL = 0.
ecompute the upper and lower control limits for a sample size of 10,000?
atio when process in under control: 10 to 1,000,000 = .00001
Thus:
Upper Control Limit: .030100
Control Limit: .000100
Lower Control Limit: .
(Shmueli, 2005)
(Defects per sample, 10,000)
UCL = 0.030100
CL = 0.000100
LCL = 0.
Which of these two sample sizes would you recommend? Explain.
While an ideal quality control program would test all work for defects or damage, this process would be highly expensive and time consuming. Thus, by gathering an average defect rate for a sample, and then by applying that rate to a smaller sample, the interpretation of results using statistical analysis can provide conclusions of an entire batch (Hendrickson, 1998). The only question,…...
mlaReferences
Allen, G. (1998). Controlling Processes. Retrieved November 6, 2005. Web site: http://ollie.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/book_contents/5controlling/ctrlproc/ctrl_process.htm.
Hendrickson, C. (1998). Project Management for Construction. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University Press.
Ishikawa, K. (1982). Guide to Quality Control. White Plains, NY: Quality Press.
Shmueli, G. (2005). Control Chart Calculator for Attributes (Discrete Data). Retrieved November 6, 2004 from SQC Online. Web site: http://www.sqconline.com/control-chart-attributes-enter.html .
Diageo -- Expanding International Operations in Ghana
Assess the MNC's marketing mix in the country, its promotional practices, pricing, branding strategies -- standardized or differentiated marketing program? hat are the characteristics of the MNC's customers in that country?
Diageo is experiencing a vast amount of growth relative to its activities on the African Continent in many different markets on the continent. In Ghana in particular, the brand has stated its mission to be the most vibrant and iconic businesses in Ghana as well as becoming the market leader in beer and adult premium non-alcoholic drinks (Guiness Ghana Breweries Limited, 2016). However, the current economic situation in Ghana poses some significant challenges that could make sales challenging even with the best marketing platform. For example, even though the market in general is still experiencing growth, the growth rate is slowing and is predicted to be more volatile.
Furthermore, there are also a number of…...
mlaWorks Cited
Broadman, H. (2016). Competing for African markets: Strategies to win new business now. Retrieved from PWC: http://www.pwc.com/us/en/view/issue-16/strategies-win-african-business.html
Diageo Africa. (N.d.). Our Business. Retrieved from Diageo Africa: http://www.diageo.com/en-us/ourbusiness/ourregions/Pages/Diageo-Africa.aspx
Diageo. (N.d.). Responsible drinking programme in Ghana. Retrieved from Diageo: http://www.diageo.com/en-us/ourbrands/infocus/Pages/ggbl.aspx
GNA. (2016, May 24). Diageo top executives call on Ashantehene. Retrieved from Modern Ghana: http://www.modernghana.com/news/694064/diageo-top-executives-call-on-asantehene.html
Preliminary Marketing Plan
Strengths
• Flexibility - Postmasters is small, flexible, and nimble with the ability to customize their services to meet the specific customer demand and create personalized service.
• Technology driven -- Postmaster technological foundation allows it to automate many of the business processes related to operations. This keeps the administration and overhead costs low while also positioning company for significant growth potential.
eaknesses
• Knowledge of the Local Transportation System -- the transportation system in Japan is complex and can be difficult to learn for foreign employees.
• Cultural Understanding -- the Japanese market represents a unique mix of social and cultural factors that can be difficult to accommodate for individuals that are not accustomed to them. Language barriers may also provide significant obstacles in communication.
Opportunities
• Develop Scalable Operations -- Since Postmaster's platform is technology based, it could utilize a network of affiliate partners to provide the local human resources team, so that…...
mlaWorks Cited
Ezrati, M. (2016, May 1). What Ails Japan's Economy? Retrieved from The National Interest: http://nationalinterest.org/feature/what-ails-japans-economy-16003
Gerstner, L. (2015, July 6). Breaking into Japan's Market. Retrieved from Japan Strategy: http://www.japanstrategy.com/
International usiness
Competitive strategy is the bedrock on which companies base business decisions to reach their targets and achieve profitability. Formulating and implementing strategies in international business is much more complicated and difficult task than doing so in home or familiar markets. Competitive strategy deals with the development of abilities by a firm to keep ahead of competitors in the fields in which it operates. Firms develop competitive edge in global markets by possessing certain assets, abilities or characteristics. The primary elements of competitive advantage are the critical offer, the significant operating factors and the firm's strategic resources. (ennett and lythe, 2002) Corporate strategies and international marketing strategies are linked closely and have a bearing on business performance. (rown, 1994)
While some companies focus on a single source of competitive advantage, it is common for many firms to opt for a combination of options to be flexible and attain the best position…...
mlaBibliography
Ahlberg, J; Garemo, N; Naucler, T. (1999) 'The Euro: How to keep your Prices Up and your Competitors Down', The Mclliney Quarterly, Volume: 2
Bennett, R. (1996) 'Relationship formation and governance in consumer markets: Transactional analysis vs. The behaviorist approach', Journal of Marketing Management, Volume: 12; No: 6
Bennett, R. (1999) 'International Business Frameworks', Second Edition, London: Financial Times/Pitman
Bennett, R and Blythe, J. (2002) 'International Marketing: Strategic Planning, Market Entry and Implementation', London: Kogan Page
e. Nutra Sweet). At the same time, they also had a number of failures, like when they company replaced the original formula for their soft drink with a new one. This led to a massive revolt among consumers, who did not want this product. Instead, they demanded something that could bring both of these elements together. At which point, Coke would begin utilizing the original formula, with the understanding that consumer tastes were very fickle. (Lamb 2008, pp. 255 -- 257)
This forced management to slow down on: how they are introducing new products to the market and concentrate on their core business model. During the 1990's this structure became challenging for Coke as: they had bottlers and distributors around the world (with no way to effectively collaborate on a host of different issues). This was problematic, because Pepsi was continuing to introduce products that were in demand. As they would…...
mlaBibliography
Benefits of Doing Business in India, 2010, Cross Cultural Training. Available from: [3 May 2011].
Code of Conduct, 2011, ITCILO. Available from: [3 May 2011].
Multinational Corporation, 2011, Business Dictionary. Available from: [3 May 2011].
Transnational Corporations, 2007, Earth Trends. Available from: [3 May 2011].
International Human Resources
Culture, Political, Economic and ocial Contexts of Nigeria Under the ubject of International Human Resource Management.
This paper is solely related to the International human resources practices, the uses of international human resources aspects as well as implementation within Nigeria. The paper has been explored several positive and negative aspects of Nigeria related to IHRM and whether it is feasible for global companies to operate and use the labor of Nigeria for making higher profits over there.
International HRM growth and significance
After attaining global scale, any company may be bound to utilize numerous resources and opportunities like global scale, scope, local differences adaptation and tap into best resources and locations associated with global presence in Nigeria and other countries. These are important opportunities in Nigeria because after exploiting such opportunities, the global image can be transformed into top global image (Hollinshead 2010, pp.233-262).
The opportunities can be explored and obtained through…...
mlaSchuler, R., Dowling, P., & De Cieri, H. 1993, 'An integrative framework of strategic international human resource management', deciding An IHRM Approach 449 International Journal of Human Resourc Management, Vol.1, pp.717 -- 764.
Taylor, S., Beechler, S., & Napier, N. 1996, 'Toward an integrative model of strategic international human resource management', Academy of Management Review,, vol21, pp. 959 -- 985.
Tomkins, R. Battered 1997, PepsiCo licks its wounds. The Financial Times, vol.26.
Liquidity shocks on the international arena can have a strong negative impact on less developed countries whose access to funding sources is already reduced.
The clearing risk is a specific risk, which combines credit risk, in the sense that it results from a counterparty's inability to meet its liabilities, market risk in the sense that it is caused by market shifts (general and specific market risk) between the time a transaction is executed and the time it is cleared, as well as liquidity and systemic risk." (Casanova, 2000). The clearing risk is assumed by clearing houses, which guarantee the proper settlement of transactions done by the members. These institutions engage themselves to bear potential replacement costs if either one of the trade counterparties can't fulfill its obligations. In international markets this risk is increased as the international arena as mentioned before it more dynamic and volatile and the chance of…...
mlaReference List
Casanova, J - F. 2000 - Role Played by Risk Management and Clearing Systems in the Economy of Future Exchanges and ECNs. UNCTAD, www.unctad.org
Eichengreen, B. 1990a. Trends and Cycles in Foreign Lending. CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research. Working Paper N"451.
Eichengreen, B. 1990b, Economic Policy - International Lending, Center for Economic Policy Research. Working Paper N"452.
Investopedia, Accessed October 2008, www.investopedia.com
, 2003).
Notwithstanding these similarities in the marketing function, there are some important differences that must also be considered. For example, even enormous countries in geographic and population terms that have relatively homogeneous populations may require more straightforward domestic marketing techniques and small city-states will require more elaborate international marketing techniques. For example, as ao (2000) points out, "Given its strong tourism base and an open economy, Singapore has modern international retailing and other marketing institutions, making this country a truly global or international city, while India represents primarily a traditional, domestic marketing environment with considerable isolation from international markets" (p. 188).
According to Hills (1994), the ecological model shown in Figure 1 below indicates that there is no single, successful ongoing or steady-state strategy for small companies involved in international marketing initiatives. This author emphasizes that, "Standardization vs. local differentiation is the single most important issue in ongoing international marketing strategy.…...
mlaReferences
Alon, Ilan. (2004). "International Market Selection for a Small Enterprise: A Case Study in International Entrepreneurship." SAM Advanced Management Journal, 69(1), 25.
Andersen, Otto. (1993). "On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis." Journal of International Business Studies, 24(2), 209.
Andrews, Tim G., Nartnalin Chompusri and Bryan J. Baldwin Obe. (2003). The Changing Face of Multinationals in Southeast Asia. New York: Routledge.
Beckman, Theodore N. And William R. Davidson. (1967). Marketing. New York: Ronald Press Co.
In many countries, FedEx Express charges a fuel surcharge. In foreign countries, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar is inherently built into the price of jet fuel, or even into the price of gasoline. As such, a fuel surcharge helps to offset the currency impact on the local price of jet fuel. The result is that it serves as something of a hedge, pushing this particular risk at least in part onto its customers.
FedEx Express conducts as much of its business as possible in U.S. dollars. In particular, the company's major cost drivers in U.S. dollars. The foreign currency that is not reinvested into foreign subsidiaries may be repatriated to the U.S., or invested in other areas of the world. Despite its global footprint, FedEx Express therefore is well-hedged operationally against fluctuations in the U.S. dollar. Canadian dollar surpluses, for example, have been used to make…...
mlaWorks Cited:
2009 FedEx Annual Report. Retrieved February 3, 2010 from http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/FDX/791567587x0x312397/557bd7f3-8372-4afe-a664-1fdb82a488b0/FedEx2009AnnualReportl.pdf
FedEx Canada. (2009). FedEx Express opens new facility in Peterborough. FedEx Canada. Retrieved February 3, 2010 from http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2343955/
However, the expatriate has the net advantage of significantly superior product knowledge and control, even if the costs of maintaining him are also higher. Foremost, the expatriate must be able to travel from the host country to the home country in order to conduct face-to-face meetings with his superiors and inform them of the progresses made. Traveling however consumes time and energy and the employee could become tired and unfocused. The need for a strong mind with high motivation and concentration skills becomes as such obvious (Honeycutt, Ford and Simintiras). Also, there is a strong need for the individual to be extremely well adjusted and capable to integrate within the new community. This is most important when "historically, multinational firms have been plagued by the problem of premature return of expatriate managers due to their inability to adapt to the culture of the host country" (Katz and Seifer, 1996).…...
mlaReferences
Befus, D.R., Mescon, T.S., Mescon, D.L., Vozikis, G.S., 1988, International Investment of Expatriate Entrepreneurs: The Case of Honduras, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 26
Hess, M.B., Linderman, P., 2002, Expert Expatriate: Your Guide to Successful Relocation Abroad: Moving, Living, Thriving, Intercultural Press
Hsieh, T.Y., Lavoie, J., Samek, R.A.P., 1999, Are You Taking Your Expatriate Talent Seriously? The McKinsey Quarterly
Honeycutt, E.D., Ford, J.B., Simintiras, a., 2003, Sales Management - a Global Perspective, Routledge
international business expansion process.
International recruitment and selection brings a number of challenges for business organizations. They not only face difficulties in hiring the desired skillful staff from the host country, but may also have to deal with severe financial and cultural diversity issues. Through this research study, an effort has been made to highlight the major challenges and issues which make the international recruitment and selection process more complex and challenging for multinational organization.
The research report starts with an ample introduction to the esearch question and proceeds by highlighting the core objectives of the research study. The research question clearly states the major objective of this research study in a quite precise and succinct manner. The most important section of the research report is Literature review which has been written after a comprehensive research from a number of academic and industry journal articles and books; most of which are…...
mlaREFERENCES
Ashamalla, M.H. 1998, International Human Resource Management Practices: the Challenge of Expatriation. CR, 8 (2): 54-63.
Andeason, A.W. 2003, Expatriate Adjustment to Foreign Assignments. The International 6 tyJournal of Commerce and Management, 13 (1): 42-60.
Andersen, T.M., & Svarer, M. 2006, Flexicurity -- the Danish Labor Market Model. Available from [Accessed July 26th, 2012]
Baudler, C.R. 2011, Employee Engagement: Through Effective Performance Management by Edward M. Mone and Manuel London, Personnel Psychology, 64 (3): 813 -- 816.
1. The role of internal capital markets in corporate finance and investment decisions
2. How internal capital markets can affect the financial performance and risk management of a firm
3. The impact of internal capital markets on corporate governance and decision-making processes
4. The advantages and disadvantages of using internal capital markets within a firm
5. Case studies of companies that have successfully utilized internal capital markets to achieve strategic objectives
6. The relationship between internal and external capital markets and how they interact within a firm
7. The role of information asymmetry in internal capital markets and its implications for decision-making
8. The impact of globalization....
1. Analyzing the Effect of a Global Economic Downturn on Sony Corporation's Key Metrics
2. Exploring the Impact of Technological Advances on Sony Corporation's Performance Metrics
3. Assessing the Consequences of Increased Competition in the Electronics Industry on Sony Corporation
4. Investigating the Influence of Currency Fluctuations on Sony Corporation's Financial Metrics
5. Examining the Effects of Supply Chain Disruptions on Sony Corporation's Key Performance Indicators
6. Evaluating the Impact of Changes in Consumer Preferences on Sony Corporation's Sales and Revenue
7. Simulation of Different Marketing Strategies and their Impact on Sony Corporation's Market Share
8. Analyzing the Effects of Government Regulations on Sony Corporation's Profitability
9. Exploring....
1. Cultural differences: Managing a team of employees from different countries and cultures can be challenging due to potential misunderstandings, conflicts, and communication barriers.
2. Time zone differences: Coordinating meetings, projects, and communication can be difficult when employees are located in different time zones, leading to delays and inefficiencies.
3. Legal and compliance issues: Companies must navigate the complex legal requirements and regulations of each country where their employees are based, including tax laws, employment regulations, and data protection laws.
4. Language barriers: Language differences can create communication challenges and misunderstandings, affecting collaboration and productivity among international teams.
5. Employee engagement and motivation: Keeping....
1. Corporate Level Strategy
2. Business Level Strategy
3. Functional Level Strategy
4. Competitive Strategy
5. International Strategy
6. Cooperative Strategy
Competitive Strategy focuses on how a business can gain a competitive advantage in the market. This involves analyzing the competition, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and developing strategies to outperform rivals.
International Strategy involves expanding a business beyond domestic markets. This can include exporting products or services, setting up international operations, or forming partnerships with foreign companies.
Cooperative Strategy involves collaborations and partnerships with other organizations to achieve mutual goals. This could include joint ventures, strategic alliances, or licensing agreements.
By understanding and implementing these various levels of business....
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