The problem is that poverty is far too widespread to respond significantly to the isolated work of a few organizations or individuals. Instead, Ahmed suggests that the concepts of zakah and awqaf should be included in development schemes and poverty reduction strategies. The advantage of such inclusion will be the perpetuation of concepts that are significantly important to all Muslims. It is also likely to trigger a sense of solidarity among citizens, along with providing a structure for targeted charitable work. It will also provide a valuable structure by which to ensure that the goods received by means of zakah and awqaf reach their correct destinies. In this regard, the concepts of zakah and awqaf can be implemented to fund the work of organizations such as Islamic elief. The concepts can also be integrated with organizations such as the tariqa in order to increase the impact upon poverty relief…...

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References

Ahmed, Habib. 2004. Role of Zakah and Awqaf in Poverty Alleviation. Occasional Paper No. 8. Islamic Development Bank Group.

Akkas, S.M. Ali. Poverty Alleviation from Islamic Perspective: Lessons from Grassroots Experiments. Retrieved from  http://www.scribd.com/doc/12878903/Poverty-Alleviation-From-Islamic-Perspective 

Alhabshi, Syed Othman. Poverty Eradication from Islamic Perspectives.

Hasan, Zubair. 2006. Sustainable Development form an Islamic Perspective: Meaning, Implications, and Policy Concerns. J.KAU: Islamic Econ., Vol. 19, No. 1, pp 3-18.

For example, Shu-Acquaye (2007) cites the basic differences in the legal systems in various parts of the world as contributing to the different approaches to corporate governance. Likewise, Shu-Acquaye cites these differences and adds, "The American corporate governance system adheres to the idea of shareholder primacy. Because the United Kingdom, Austria, and Canada share a legal system based on English common law and equity principles, they are similar to the United States -- shareholder primacy is the predominant norm in each of these countries."
By sharp contrast, other countries such as Japan and Germany are characterized by stronger protection for their employees, creditors, and other nonshareholder stakeholders in general, representing examples of a stakeholder-orientated system. In their book, the Control of Corporate Europe, Barca and Becht point out that, "Germany has always had a prominent place in the international corporate governance debate. The country is among the largest and richest…...

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References

Aaronson, Susan Ariel, 2002 (Fall), "Broadening Corporate Responsibility: Is Maximizing Shareholder Value Alone a Good Enough Long-Term Strategy?," the International Economy 16(4): 46

Ashby, Meredith D. And Stephen a. Miles, Leaders Talk Leadership: Top Executives Speak Their Minds (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)

Barca, Fabrizio and Marco Becht, the Control of Corporate Europe (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).

Brada, Josef C., Saul Estrin, Josef C. Brada et al. (eds.). Corporate Governance in Central Eastern Europe: Case Studies of Firms in Transition (Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 1999).

Globalization in the economic sense - economic, social and technological process that advocates a constant interdependence at a global level, supporting trade liberalization.

International Monetary Fund (IMF) - an international financial organization that monitors the global financial flows and that offers financial assistance to Third World countries.

African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) - cultural festival that promotes and sustains the revival of the lack cultural values and civilization.

1945 - the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the contemporary period. It is also equivalent with the start of the decolonization period, with Indonesia one of the first countries to make this step.

Poverty - lack of the material capacity to finance the basic needs of an individual or a society.

A unfreedom" ref. Sen - according to Sen, these would include, besides lack of political freedom or freedom of the press, forms of unfreedom such as famines or limited…...

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Bibliography

1. Andrew Apter. The Pan-African Nation: Oil and the Spectacle of Culture in Nigeria.

University of Chicago Press (2005)

Only the Introduction and Chapter 1)

2. Frederick Cooper and Randall Packard, eds. International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays on the History and Politics of Knowledge. UC Press (1997)

The extent of historical American involvement will also be considered.
In term of qualitative data, surveys will be conducted of demographic groups in the United States and Iraq. These groups will be approached by mail, email, or telephone. Survey questions will revolve around each person's understanding of democracy, the democratic process, and whether the respondents believe that the American government is currently promoting either or both. Finally, respondents will be asked for any suggestions to improve the democratization process in Iraq and countries similar to it.

Ethics and Limitations

To ensure the reliability of qualitative data, respondents will be allowed to remain anonymous when submitting their completed survey. They will also be assured that no data will be published individually, or without their prior consent. Consent forms to used their data will also be made available for respondents to sign.

Limitations could involve the unwillingness of citizens to respond honestly for fear of…...

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References

Karl, Terry. 2008. Democracy Over A Barrel: Oil, Regime Change And War. UC Irvine: Center for the Study of Democracy. Retrieved from:  http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9kq895kt 

Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. 2003. Democracy and Human Rights -- The Essential Connection. Center for the Study of Democracy, UC Irvine. Retrieved from:  http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/962495x1.pdf 

Meyerson, Roger B. 2006. Federalism and Incentives for Success in Democracy. Institute for Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley. Retrieved from:  http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9940s9bv.pdf 

Robinson, William I. 2004. COMMENTARY: What to Expect from U.S. "Democracy Promotion" in Iraq. UC Santa Barbara: Global and International Studies. Retrieved from:  http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4kn10123

" (S. M. Lele, Sustainable Development" A Critical Review, p. 611)
The main objectives of the sustainable development are to: revive growth, change the quality of growth, satisfy the basic needs for jobs and subsidiary services, ensure a sustainable level of population, preserve the resources, reorient technology and control risk, consider both economy and environment in the decision making process, and reorient international economic relationships. (S. M. Lele, Sustainable Development" A Critical Review, p. 611)

Connections between the two

Harriss promotes the idea of disciplined economics and governance based on rules. Lele promotes the sustainable development, again a form of governance based on a strict set of rules. The idea at the basis of these two theories is practically the same: governance, economy and the entire human behavior should be based on a set of rules previously elaborated to protect the interests of the participants as well as the environment's. In one word,…...

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Bibliography

Jamie Joseph, Development in Practice, Volume 11, Numbers 2 & 3, May 2001; Sustainable Development and Democracy in the Megacities

Joseph T. Siegle, Michael M. Weinstein, and Morton H. Halperin, Why Democracies Excel, Foreign Affairs September/October 2004

Mick Moore, Political Underdevelopment, What causes 'bad governance', Volume 3, Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2001

Lionel Cliff and Robin Luckham, Complex political emergencies and the state: failure and the fate of the state, Third World Quarterly, Vol 20, No 1, pp 27A± 50, 1999

Organization Behavior
International Development and Strategic Management at Proctor & Gamble

International development

International Development and Strategic Management at Procter & Gamble

Every organization wishes to keep its operations on a continuous growing pace in its industry (Barnes, Blake, & Pinder 2009). As a part of its business expansion strategies, it can also aim to target international markets if it possesses the core competencies and financial resources to meet the requirements of this expansion (Bamford & Forrester 2010). International development strategies require business organizations to strategize their policies and procedures in such a way that they not only enable them to compete with the top level competitors, but also ensure a high sales volume and profitability (Kotler, Brown, Burton, Deans, & Armstrong 2010).

To do business in an international market successfully, an organization needs to analysis that market from all the environmental perspectives (yals 2008). A situational analysis can be performed to assess the impacts…...

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REFERENCES

Bamford, D., & Forrester, P., 2010. Essential Guide to Operations Management: Concepts and Case Notes. U.S.: John Wiley and Sons

Barnes, C., Blake, H., & Pinder, D., 2009. Creating & delivering your value proposition: managing customer experience for profit. Philadelphia: Kogan Page

Hill, C., & Jones, G., 2007. Strategic management: an integrated approach. U.S. Cengage Learning

Kotler, P., Brown, L., Burton, S., Deans, K., & Armstrong, G., 2010. Marketing. 8th Edition. U.S.: Prentice-Hall

U.S. Agency International Development (USAID) http://www.usaid.gov / Write response questions . Write response/background report outline point form. Use headings subheadings organize response. Apply APA style guidelines grammar, spelling, punctuation, citing referencing.
Nature of the organization's mandate

Philosophical perspective, with respect to promoting global health

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the result of the Cold War doctrine related to international assistance. During the Kennedy Administration in the 1960s, the interest for assistance to low income countries and those affected by increased degrees of poverty has determined a need for a concerted action that would alleviate, to a certain extent, the pressures of impoverished national budgets and destroyed economies. In this sense, it was considered that developed countries, and especially the United States as the largest economic power of the Cold War, had the "moral duty" to assist countries in need (Committee on International elations, 2003). Despite this moral aspect, there…...

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References

Committee On International Relations. (2003) "Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 2002" Committee On Foreign Relations. Available at http://transition.usaid.gov/policy/ads/faa.pdf

Kissinger, H. (2011). Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster

USAID (2013) Key Accomplishments. Available at  http://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/highlights 

USAID (2013) Budget and Spending. Available at  http://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/budget-spending

The average mission would likely cost only a nominal localized expense and would open previously unattainable achievements to the participants involved, to the community in which they serve and to every future business, personal and social encounter they have. Gaining leadership, management skills, and cultural awareness of diverse international communities and peoples is a necessary goal of most individuals, and yet it is often a someday sort of dream. This programs' most urgent goal is to develop a set of structures that will result in individuals who wish to do so to immediately be able to realize their goals and visions. To realize these objectives the IDSA will continue to foster ideas and develop goals that focus the program to a set of ten or less locals that will be appropriate for international participant involvement. This goal will be achieved by two months after the close of the social…...

upbringing the most influential contributor to the achievements I have made so far, and to those I intend to make in future. I have, since childhood, valued and used as guiding principles the family-instilled tenets of good thoughts, good deeds and good works. Not only do I enjoy serving others, but I always strive to ensure that I do so in the best possible way. To this end, I have been exposed to a wide range of diverse experiences, to which I can attribute my liking for diversity, which is also the most distinguishing characteristic I possess. ll these factors have been key in broadening my outlook and getting me equipped with different levels of knowledge over a range of topics -- especially those relevant to my career.
s a freshman, I chose law because I believe in the rule of law -- and would like to be actively involved…...

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After graduating from law school in 2009, I secured a customer service job in a bank; a position I held for over two years. It provided a unique opportunity for me to gain insight into the ethics surrounding the corporate world, including during the period of Recession, when there was high uncertainty surrounding the recruitment and sustenance of employees. I observed that management-employee relations deteriorate during such economically-challenging periods, and felt the strong urge to make a difference.

I am a diligent person who values success, but also appreciates the fact that success is only achieved through effort. My attention to detail is my greatest strength, and caring for others my greatest passion.

I do not blind myself to the fact that there will be a host of other well-qualified applicants. I however hold the strong belief that because of my commitment, personal experiences, and passion for excellence, I would make an excellent addition to my class.

English Right of Set-Off and Combination in the Circumstance of Insolvency
The right of combination and set-off, as developed under English law offer a number of safeguards to banks and creditors in general. These rights were expanded under the principles that they were necessary to effect substantial justice and that they would stimulate economic growth and trade. In the following paper, I suggest that the judicial application of these rights has tended to unfairly favor banks at the expense of the individual customer, which may initially stimulate growth by encouraging banks to provide loans, but in the long-term may serve to deteriorate trade, particularly at the international level. Customers in other countries, particularly civil law countries, experience much more risk when they do business with an English bank, and hence may be better off refraining from bringing their enterprises there, or at any rate must be extremely careful in drawing…...

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Works Cited

Aldrich, George. The jurisprudence of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal. New York: Oxford University Press (1996)

Collier, John & Lowe, Vaughn. The Settlement of Disputes in International Law: Institutions and Procedures. New York: Oxford University Press (1999)

Pritchard, Robert. ed. Economic Development, Foreign Investment and the Law: Issues of Private Sector Involvement, Foreign Investment and the Rule of Law in a New Era. Boston: Kluwer Law International, International Bar Association. (1996)

Jan Paulsson, Nigel Rawding, Lucy Reed, Eric Schwartz, The Freshfields Guide to Arbitration & ADR (2nd revised ed.), Boston: Kluwer Law International (1999)

International egulation of Tourism in Antarctica
Since the mid-1980s, Antarctica has been an increasingly popular tourist destination, despite the relative danger of visiting the largest, least explored -- and arguably least understood -- continent on earth. Beginning with the 1959 treaty establishing Antarctica as an international zone free of claims of sovereignty by nation's that had been instrumental in establishing research stations there, there has been almost constant negotiation about how to administer regulations pertaining to the preservation of life forms on the continent, what those regulations should be, and what sanctions should be applied and by whom.

To understand the depths of the negotiations, and the potential for discord, it is necessary to understand what the continent offer the 65% of global nations that are party to the 1959 and all subsequent treaties. To understand the possible future of Antarctica, it is necessary to outline treaty attempts to minimize commercial interests…...

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References

Antarctica. Siyabona Africa Web site. Retrieved September 28, 2004 at http://balule.krugerpark.co.za/africa_antarctica.html

Chile Web site. Retrieved September 17, 2004 at  http://www.visit-chile.org/antartica/antartica.phtml 

Australia urges regulation as tourism to Antarctica escalates. (2004, March 24) Agence France Presse English. Retrieved September 14, 2004 at  http://www.highbeam.com .

Bulgaria in Antarctica. Retrieved September 15, 2004 at http://www.bluelink.net/antarctic/ant_en/BGant.htm

The new law has prosecuted 426 traffickers in 203 cases. These traffickers had 844 victims in that year alone. This law imposes penalties from 10 years imprisonment to life imprisonment (Kyodo).
Myanmar: Effective or Not?

The capacity of the national government in fighting the problem of human trafficking has been limited (UNODC 2007). It is particularly limited in implementing policy changes in remote areas where traffickers operate. Anti-trafficking groups are looking into the situation. The UNODC addresses the issue by implementing projects and participating in partnership initiatives in the country. These projects and initiatives include increasing public awareness of the problem, provision of technical assistance for the law enforcement sector and the judiciary, greater and easier access to service providers and enhancing their capabilities (UNODC).

Cambodia

Reports say that Cambodia is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking (HumanTrafficking.org 2009). Human traffickers consist of organized crime syndicates, parents, relatives, friends, intimate…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

CIA. Russia. The World Fact Book: Central Intelligence Agency, 2009. Retrieved on April 23, 2009 from  http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/2732.htm 

Gekht, Anna. Shared but Differentiated Responsibility Integration of International

Obligations in Fight against Trafficking in Human Beings. Denver Journal

International Law and Policy: University of Denver, 2008. Retrieved on April

On the other hand, the International Rescue Committee focuses on promoting human rights as one of the core of every innovative programs carried out by the organization. This major focus on human rights through the restoration of safety, hope and dignity to millions of refugees is one of the major relations of this organization with the ISCOR major at San Diego University.
Finally, the third major relation of the organization with the ISCOR major is that it serves as an opportunity where graduates of the program can apply their knowledge in helping IRC to accomplish its mission. This is largely due to the fact that students completing the major are prepared for careers that relate to international security and conflict resolution. Since the International Rescue Committee hits the ground in places with conflicts across the globe, graduates of this program can be used to help provide a way from harm…...

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Works Cited:

Graubart, Jonathan. "Program Information." San Diego State University: International Security and Conflict Resolution. San Diego State University, 27 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 May 2011. .

"History of the International Rescue Committee." International Rescue Committee: From Harm to Home. International Rescue Committee. Web. 15 May 2011. .

"International Rescue Committee." Idealist.org. Action Without Borders, Jan. 2011. Web. 15 May 2011. .

"International Security and Conflict Resolution." San Diego State University: SDSU 2011-2012 Catalog. San Diego State University. Web. 15 May 2011. .

International Cooperative Healthcare Model
PLEASE WRITE THE SPEAKERS NOTES. I WILL EVELOP THE 15 SLIES FROM THOSE NOTES. THE NOTES MUST SUPPORT THE 15 SLIES. PLEASE USE MY PREVIOUS PAPERS AS RESOURCES IN AITION TO THE BOOKS I HAVE ATTACHE. If you are unsure, please contact me.

Resources: Cooperative elivery Model and Annotated Bibliography assignments; course readings

Address potential challenges to your model in the presentation and the feasibility of using your model as a pilot program that could be expanded to other countries, thereby creating a global service network.

Format any citations and references in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.

International cooperative healthcare model

SLIE

Healthcare cooperatives involve many different types of organizations: Nonprofit agencies, Non-governmental organizations (NGO), commercial companies, and government, depending on the political jurisdiction. The cooperative can take many different forms, including purchased or shared services, worker-owned or patient-owned organizations, community owned organizations, or jointly owned organizations that are some combination of…...

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Davis, K. (2009, June 22). Cooperative Health Care: The Way Forward?, The Commonwealth Fund. [Blog]. Retrieved  http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Content/Blog/Health-Cooperatives-The-Way-Forward.aspx 

International Health Co-operative Organization (IHCO), International Co-operative Alliance (ICA). (2011). [Web]. Retrieved  http://www.ica.coop/ihco/newsanddoc.html 

The Zambia Prevention, Care, and Treatment Partnership: A Model Program. (2008). U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Retrieved   / etkgr3honbl4chb7p5mxtcbioozlrk2pmfxctmfcu2ozsmunapqkvxdblxk4wtme6ij7xpj3thdfik/ZPCTModelProgramReportHV1.pdfhttp://www.fhi.org/NR/rdonlyres 

Therefore, when corporate responsibility is linked with certain broader national intentions like health and international development and also trade and the environment, then it would be better for all concerned, instead of the corporation aiming for economic development and gains and nothing else. (Ping Sustainable Future: Toward a New Vision for Corporate esponsibility in Canada)
Canada is one country, in which it is easy to improve competitiveness and to enlarge the global influence that it is capable of exerting by being able to mobilize the human capital within the state, and also being able to pioneer advances in technology. Therefore, it can be concluded that an MNE does have the responsibility of working towards a better global efficiency, and not to just consider economic factors during the process of country selection. (Ping Sustainable Future: Toward a New Vision for Corporate esponsibility in Canada)

eferences

Globalization: International Trade and Migration" etrieved at http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/beyond/global/chapter12.html…...

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References

Globalization: International Trade and Migration" Retrieved at   Accessed on 1/3/2005http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/beyond/global/chapter12.html 

Ping Sustainable Future: Toward a New Vision for Corporate Responsibility in Canada" (March, 2003) Retrieved From www.fivewinds.com/uploadedfiles_shared/CSR%2520Mapping%2520Future.pdf"   Accessed on 1/3/2005http://www.fivewinds.com/uploadedfiles_shared/CSR%20Mapping%20Future.pdf .

Political Analysis and Strategy" Retrieved at Accessed on 1/3/2005http://pacific.commerce.ubc.ca/john/crisk.htm.

Donor-led agricultural interventions in developing countries have been a topic of interest in the international development community for many years. These interventions aim to improve food security, increase agricultural productivity, and reduce poverty among smallholder farmers. While there is a wealth of evidence on the economic outcomes of such interventions, there is limited research on their social impacts.

One key social outcome of donor-led agricultural interventions is the empowerment of women. In many developing countries, women play a critical role in agriculture but often face significant barriers to accessing resources and markets. Donor-led interventions that specifically target women farmers have....

1. Canada and America have contrasting policies towards healthcare, with Canada implementing a universal healthcare system that guarantees access to essential medical services for all citizens, while America employs a market-based system that leaves many uninsured and vulnerable to high costs.

2. Canada and America differ significantly in their approach to gun control, with Canada enacting strict regulations on firearm ownership and use, while America maintains a more permissive stance that allows for widespread gun proliferation.

3. Canada and America diverge in their policies on immigration, with Canada adopting a more welcoming approach that emphasizes multiculturalism and integration, while America's policies have....