Consent & Ethics
Complications stemming from patient-counselor interactions remain a key source of ethical violations and complaints. Informed consent is a major issue with a direct bearing on the counselor-patient relationship. In clinical avenues, the origin of informed consent continues to have a direct outgrowth of advances in professional ethics, legal precedents, and continuous moral development. Through informed consent, patients have been able to take responsibility and explore options for their well-being (Welfel, 2012). They achieve this through considering the benefits and costs associated with the procedures and services offered to them and options to those services. Informed consent tends to be integrated to self-determination, ethics, and patient autonomy. It is determinately the starting point of the counselor-patient provider relationship. In this way, it poses as the genesis of the three main components of ethical conduct: beneficence, nonmalefience, and autonomy.

Discussion

The American Code of Ethics for Psychologists had as of recently…...

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References

Besley, T. (2012). Counseling youth: Foucault, power, and the ethics of subjectivity. Westport, Conn. [u.a.: Praeger.

Corey, M.S., & Callanan, P. (2011). Issues and ethics in the helping professions. Belmont, Calif: Brooks/Cole.

Fisher, C.B. (2013). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists. London: SAGE.

Fisher, M.A. (2013). The ethics of conditional confidentiality: A practice model for mental health professionals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Obtaining Informed ConsentMr. Roberts is a patient that was admitted to the hospital Emergency Department (ED) following traumatic injuries caused by a motorcycle accident. Since admission, Mr. Roberts has undergone three surgical procedures. While the first two surgeries were successful, the third one was unsuccessful despite being performed accurately. As a result, he relapsed into a coma and his long-term girlfriend has appeared and holds the healthcare power of attorney since the patient has a living will in which he stipulates his desire not to undergo heroic intervention.The process of administering the surgical procedures to the patient has involved obtaining informed consent at different points. An informed consent is an important document when carrying out aesthetic or surgical procedures on a patient (Rao, 2008). For the first surgical procedure, the physician neither obtained implied nor expressed consent as there was no time to obtain consent because of the emergency conditions.…...

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References

Arora, V. (2013). Role of consent in medical practice. Journal of Evolution and Dental Sciences, 2(9), 1225-1229.

Krishnan, N.R. & Kasthuri, A.S. (2007). Informed consent. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 63(2), 164-166.

Rao, K.H.S. (2008). Informed consent: An ethical obligation or legal compulsion? Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, 1(1), 33-35.

consent a "yes or no" response? Enhancing the shared decision-making process for persons with aphasia
Informed consent constitutes a legal and moral requisite for any research works that involve fellow human beings. Study subjects are provided information regarding every element of a study trial deemed to be vital for subjects' decision-making, including study significance with respect to societal welfare and for advancing the medical field. After an examination of every trial related facet, subjects ought to be able to voluntarily confirm their readiness to be a part of the given clinical trial. This 'informed consent' principle has been imbedded in the Helsinki Declaration, Belmont eport and Nuremberg Code. It is compulsory before commencing any study that entails humans as research subjects (Jayes & Palmer, 2014). This provision essentially suggests if the subject's mental or physical state allows for informed, well- thought-out decisionmaking. But aphasics aren't always able to satisfy the…...

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References

Blackmer, J. (2003). The unique ethical challenges of conducting research in the rehabilitation medicine population.BMC medical ethics, 4(1), 2.

Jayes, M., & Palmer, R. (2014). Initial evaluation of the Consent Support Tool: A structured procedure to facilitate the inclusion and engagement of people with aphasia in the informed consent process. International journal of speech-language pathology, 16(2), 159-168.

Mendyk, A. M., Labreuche, J., Henon, H., Girot, M., Cordonnier, C., Duhamel, A.,. ..& Bordet, R. (2015). Which factors influence the resort to surrogate consent in stroke trials, and what are the patient outcomes in this context? BMC medical ethics, 16(1), 26.

Purtilo, R. B., & Doherty, R. F. (2016). Ethical dimensions in the health professions.

Consent egarding Qsen Competencies14
The following paper describes patient safety as being one of the concerns of patient care. It also discusses the QSEN competency related to patient safety. Moreover, the paper describes the significance of patient safety with reference to the QSEN competency. A review of literature and a case example related to the aforementioned topics are also included. Lastly, the paper gives implications related to better patient safety.

Patient Care Concern

Health is very important to everyone and therefore, people pay a great deal of attention to their health problems and concerns. The nursing staff taking care of patients is also concerned about the issues that the patient may face. As the patient starts getting medical help, there are multifarious issues and concerned that, he may encounter. The nurses must then keep these issues in mind in order to ensure a healthy recovery of the patient. (Scott, 2003)

Among these issues,…...

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References

Barry, M.J. & Edgman-Levitan, S. (2012). Shared decision making -- the pinnacle of patient-centered care.New England Journal Of Medicine, 366 (9), pp. 780 -- 781.

Batalden, P., Bednash, G., Blackwell, J., Cronenwett, L., Day, L., Drenkard, K., Durham, C., Hall, L., Ironside, P., Johnson, M. (., Ladden, M., Moore, S., Nelson, A., Sherwood, G., Smith, E. & Tagliareni, M.E. (2014). Graduate-Level QSEN Competencies-Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes. [e-book] Washington, D.C.: American Association of Colleges of Nursing. pp. 7-8.   [Accessed: 12 Apr 2014].http://www.aacn.nche.edu/faculty/qsen/competencies.pdf 

Gorski, L. (2010). Development of the 2011 Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice. International Journal Of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 8 (3), p. 169.

Kizer, K. (2001). Patient safety: a call to action: a consensus statement from the National Quality Forum.Medgenmed: Medscape General Medicine, 3 (2), pp. 10 -- 10.

Healthcare Law, Ethics & Policy, Healthcare Terminology
TRULY INFORMED CONSENT

Healthcare Law, Ethics and Policy Healthcare Terminology

Current forms of informed consent for cataract surgery -- and perhaps, all forms of surgery -- may appear complete and thorough (AAO, 2015; Koch & Koch, 2009). ut they also appear to be lopsided. The following are, therefore, recommended to improve these forms:

Patients should be shown a video of actual cataract surgical procedures and the details explained before they are asked to consider the option. The video should show how the surgery is performed ste-by-step so that the patient can know what to expect if he opts for it;

The brochures and video should be prepared with the patient's educational level and age -- as well as other important factors. All technical and medical terms should be thoroughly explained in the patient's language and level or capability of understanding. The health practitioner should not use difficult terms…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

AAO (2015). Informed consent for cataract surgery. Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance

Company: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Retrieved on February 21, 2015

from  http://www.omic.com/cataract-consent-form 

Koch, Paul and Koch, Patricia (2009). Informed consent for cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. Koch Eye Associates: St. James Surgery Center.

consent is critical to the ethical underpinnings of medical research and procedures in any field. Both verbal and written consent will be required in most situations, because "obtaining written informed consent from a potential subject is more than just a signature on a form," (UCI, 2014). It is our responsibility as health care workers to talk with patients, and be honest about the risks of procedures, their alternatives, and any information related to confidentiality and privacy. Informed consent should be considered more as a "process" than as a one-time event in which a patient signs a form (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1993). The client, participant in research, or patient needs to be thoroughly debriefed in ways that are comprehensible and meaningful to them, in language they can understand. This is particularly important in situations where the patient and doctor speak different languages or come from…...

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References

Coons, S. (2012). Informed consent forms growing too complex. Research Practitioner 13(5).

UCI (2014). How to consent. Retrieved online:  http://www.research.uci.edu/compliance/human-research-protections/researchers/how-to-consent.html#definitions 

United States Department of Health and Human Services (1993). Office for human research protections (OHRP). Retrieved online:  http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/policy/ictips.html

Healthcare
THE PATIENT AND POVIDE ELATIONSHIP

At any hospital like ABC, informed consent is not needed during emergencies. During emergencies, there lacks time to offer a vivid description of risks involved while physicians act quickly in saving life. Patients do not have an opportunity of suing for absence of informed consent within similar situations even as they did not allow the treatment. Trust remains one of the vital elements that patient-doctor relationships exist. Patients and doctors should believe that other parties are honest and have a willingness in providing necessary information to influence treatment and advice. The medical professional needs to consult the information on patient for potential benefits and risks based on options through availing support to patients and informed choice. It is prudent for caregivers to pay careful attention to processing informed consent and choice in proposing treatment as expensive or way innovative (Maclean, 2009). If patients choose between innovative…...

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References

Kazmier, J. (2008). Health Care Law. New York: Cengage Learning.

Lindh, W., Pooler, M., & Morris, J. (2013). Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies. New York: Cengage Learning.

Maclean, A. (2009). Autonomy, Informed Consent, and Medical Law: A Relational Challenge. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Interventional Project
Proposal for Early Intervention Project

In the recent past, the issue of family violence against children in the aboriginal communities has attracted significant attention of different stakeholders involved in the protection of the rights of the children (Backlar & Cutler, 2002). While significant attention has concentrated on the identification of the effective strategies for curbing general family violence, limited research has been done on family violence on children in Aboriginal communities (Bowman, 2004). Therefore, the following presents a proposal of the intervention that can be applied to ensure the reduction of cases of family violence against children in Aboriginal communities found in Australia. The analysis begins by providing the objectives of the program, method of intervention, ethical implications of the approach, and resources required for the success of the research. It also provides an analysis of the budgetary requirements, method of program evaluation, and the limitations that are likely…...

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References

Backlar, P., & Cutler, D.L. (Eds.). (2002). Ethics in community mental health care: Commonplace concerns. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Bowman, P.J. (2004). Ethical issues related to research with communities of color, Jane Addams College of Social Work Pre-Doctoral and Doctoral Program Conference. University of Illinois at Chicago: Bowman, Phillip J.

Campbell, J.C., & Dienemann, J.D. (2001). Ethical issues in research on violence against women. In C.M. Renzetti, J.L. Edelson & R. Kennedy Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 57-72). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Carlson, E.B., Newman, E., Daniels, J.W., Armstrong, J., Roth, D., & Loewenstein, R. (2003). Distress in response to and perceived usefulness of trauma research interviews. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 4(2), 131-142.

The Effect of Screen Time on the Health and Social Emotional Wellbeing in ChildrenMethodologyResearch and Project Solution in Early Childhood StudiesEzine OdiaNovember 3, 2022Table of ContentsCover Page 1Introduction 2Research Design 2Sampling Strategy 3Research Ethics 3Data Collection 4Research Bias and Rigor of Study Design 5Data Analysis 6References 8Appendix ..11The Effect of Screen Time on the Health and Social Emotional Wellbeing in ChildrenIntroductionIncreasing screen time has a physical and psychological effect on every age. However, the psychological aspects are focused more when it comes to children. The implications of internet, specifically screen time, are detrimental to their health, for which a more holistic picture is needed to help parents take preventive measures on time. This research aims to provide research methodology for exploring how the increased screen time has affected the lives of children at home and school. The study examines parents perspectives on how increasing screen time has impacted their childrens…...

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References

Bhardwaj, P. (2019). Types of sampling in research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5(3), 157-163.  https://doi.org/10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_62_19 

Canadian Paediatric Society. (2019). Digital media: Promoting healthy screen use in school-aged children and adolescents. Paediatrics & Child Health, 24(6), 402–417.  https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxz095 

FDA. (2014). Minimal risk.  https://www.fda.gov/patients/informed-consent-clinical-trials/minimal-risk

Anna's rationale for not obtaining informed consent?
Not informing research subjects regarding one's purpose is unethical. In order to see just how unethical her decision is, Anna must understand ethical concerns linked to studies that utilize human participants. The basic principles of justice, independence, and goodness form the basis of the aforementioned ethical concerns and warrant attention (UNC Charlotte| esearch& Economic Development Centre, n.d).). Ethics guidelines and codes explain the idea of informed consent with regard to studies on human participants. This process aims at presenting adequate facts to participants to ensure they are able to decide, after acquiring an adequate grasp of the situation, whether to participate in any research venture or not, and whether to continue participating or not. It is imperative to seek informed consent for every kind of research on humans, including therapeutic, diagnostic, social, behavioral and interventional researches, as well as for studies performed locally…...

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References

Argosy University (2014).Institutional Review Board Handbook. Retrieved 7 April 7, 2017 from https://ucmrp.edmc.edu/idc/groups/webcontent/@edmc_aug/documents/webcontent/edmc-03428020.pdf

Office for the Protection of Research Subjects (OPRS)| University of Southern California (n.d) Informed Consent in Human Subjects Research. Retrieved 7 April 7, 2017 from  http://oprs.usc.edu/files/2013/04/Informed-Consent-Booklet-4.4.13.pdf 

Office of Research Integrity| The University of Tennessee Chattanooga (n.d) Informed CnosentConsent Requirements. Retrieved 7 April 7, 2017 from  https://www.utc.edu/research-integrity/institutional-review-board/informedconsent/ 

UNC Charlotte| Research & Economic Development Centre (n.d). Informed Consent. Retrieved 7 April 7, 2017 from  http://research.uncc.edu/departments/office-research-compliance-orc/human-subjects/informed-consent

statistics have on shaping healthcare policy and guiding evidence-based practice, it is critical that researchers understand how to present the results of their studies. It is also critical that healthcare workers develop strong skills in statistical literacy, so that the results of studies are not misconstrued. Not all research results are generalizable to a population outside of the sample. Even the most carefully constructed research designs need to be critically analyzed. Similarly, care must be taken when communicating statistical results to a general audience.
The American Statistical Association (1999) outlines eight main areas of ethical concern. Those areas of concern include the following:

• Professionalism

• esponsibilities to employers or funders

• esponsibilities in testimony or publications

• esponsibilities to research subjects

• esponsibilities to research team colleagues

• esponsibilities to other statisticians

• esponsibilities regarding allegations of misconduct

• esponsibilities of employers or clients to the integrity of research

In the healthcare setting, each of these ethical duties…...

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References

American Statistical Association (1999). Ethical guidelines for statistical practice.

Aynsley-Green, A, et al. (2012). Medical, statistical, ethical and human rights considerations in the assessment of age in children and young people subject to immigration control. British Medical Bulletin 102(1): 17-42.

Gelman, A. (2014). Ethics and statistics. Retrieved online:  http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/presentations/ethicstalk_2014_handout.pdf 

"Medical Ethics and Statistics," (n.d.). Retrieved online: http://www.wiley.com/legacy/products/subject/reference/cam001-.pdf

EMD combined with TAU will lead to a significantly greater reduction of PTSD symptoms than TAU alone, when comparing PTSD symptoms from baseline to 6-month follow-up. There are also secondary concerns that the research sought to answer, the research examined the effectiveness of EMD on substance use-related outcomes, depressive symptoms, dissociative symptoms, emotion dysregulation and quality of life.
To investigate the hypothesis, this study will take a rater-blinded 2-arms CT. Assessments for the participants were scheduled at the pre-treatment (T0), post-treatment (T1), at 3-month (T2) and at 6-month (T3) follow-up. Participants are meant to be randomly assigned to either the EMD plus TAU group or the TAU group. Data will then e assessed at an inpatient rehabilitation center in Germany (AHG Clinic Dormagen). The research intends to recruit 158 adult patients with SUD and comorbid PTSD attending inpatient rehabilitation treatment from September 2015…...

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Reference

Schafer I., (2017). Effectiveness of EMDR in patients with substance use disorder and comorbid PTSD: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry.

Latha (2010) notes, "Legally, treatment without consent is permissible only where common law or statute provides such authority" (p. 96) and in the case of the schizophrenic patient who refuses to take the prescribed medication the question comes down to whether the person is legally capable of making a decision. If so, then he has every right to refuse treatment; if not, treatment may be given him. This is the essence of the Health Care Consent Act, which is used to determine whether such a person as the schizophrenic patient is capable of deciding for himself (Downie, Caulfield, Flood, 2011).
The two questions that must be asked with regards to the Health Care Consent Act are: 1) Is the person capable or able of understanding the data that is relevant to his making a decision regarding treatment? 2) Is the person capable or able of appreciating the likely consequences of refusing…...

Confidentiality Breaches in Clinical Practice
The confidentiality and privacy of patients are considered as one of the fundamental freedoms that they should enjoy and are safeguarded under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA). It is also a precept of the American Medical Association’s Code of Ethics and the Hippocratic Oath. The breach of confidentiality is unethical and illegal.
Medical professionals are under the obligation of protecting the patient’s confidentiality. Confidentiality and privacy prohibit medical providers from unlawful disclosure of the patient’s information. Some of the inappropriate disclosures include discussing a patient’s case in the elevators or corridors, giving out extra copies of handouts from conferences while they contain identifiable patients’ details and any other possible leakage of information to unauthorized individuals (Beltran-Aroca et al. 52). In clinical practice, the patients’ confidentiality can be breached due to indiscretion, carelessness, and sometimes malice. Medical practitioners are obligated legally and morally to…...

Law and the VaccinationThis situation could potentially be considered a case of battery. Battery occurs when an individual intentionally or negligently causes physical harm to another person without their consent. In this case, the healthcare provider gave the individual a vaccination without obtaining explicit consent or verifying if the individual understood what was happening. Other cultures may have more hesitation about getting a vaccine, but it is assumed in this case that the doctor was in an American setting and had no reason to think a foreigner would be in the line out of ignorance (Ganczak et al., 2021). However, the individual also chose of his own free will to stand in the line without inquiring as to the purpose of the line. He approached the physician in the same manner as the others, and so there is no reason that the physician should have to think that the person…...

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ReferencesAveyard, H. (2002). Implied consent prior to nursing care procedures. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39(2), 201-207.Ganczak, M., Bielecki, K., Drozd-D?browska, M., Topczewska, K., Biesiada, D., Molas-Biesiada, A., ... & Gorman, D. (2021). Vaccination concerns, beliefs and practices among Ukrainian migrants in Poland: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-13.Paterick, T. J., Carson, G. V., Allen, M. C., & Paterick, T. E. (2008, March). Medical informed consent: general considerations for physicians. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 313-319). Elsevier.

Counseling people who have AIDS or are at high risk for acquiring HIV can present several ethical issues for healthcare providers.  While client care must remain the priority in any counseling relationship, it is important to acknowledge that a client who has AIDS, is HIV+, or is at high risk of acquiring HIV may present a health risk to their current or future sexual partners.  In addition, other high-risk behaviors, such as needle-sharing, present a community risk. 

The first step in writing an essay on this topic is recognizing the various ethical issues....

Sure! I can certainly help you with creating a research proposal and outline for your college paper on educational reform. Here is an example of how you can structure your proposal and outline, including proper spacing:

Research Proposal:

Title: Examining the Effectiveness of Educational Reform Initiatives in Enhancing Student Achievement

I. Introduction
A. Background and Context
B. Problem Statement
C. Research Questions
D. Significance of the Study

II. Literature Review
A. Overview of Educational Reform
B. Key Concepts and Theories
C. Previous Studies and Findings

III. Methodology
A. Research Design
B. Data Collection Methods
C. Sample Selection
D. Data Analysis Techniques

IV. Expected Results
A. Hypotheses
....

Title: Unveiling the Secrets of Bone Marrow: A Journey Through Its Biology, Therapeutic Applications, and Ethical Considerations

Introduction:
Bone marrow, the soft tissue occupying the cavities of bones, harbors an intricate world of cells and processes that play pivotal roles in life. This essay delves into the fascinating aspects of bone marrow, exploring its biology, therapeutic applications, and ethical considerations surrounding its use.

1. Biology of Bone Marrow:
a) Hematopoiesis: Unraveling the intricate process by which bone marrow produces various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
b) Microenvironment: Delving into the niche of specialized cells and....

 Introduction:

The Little Albert Experiment, conducted by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner in 1920, stands as a seminal study in the field of psychology. This experiment sought to investigate the principles of classical conditioning, focusing on the acquisition, generalization, and extinction of conditioned fear responses in a human infant. The Little Albert Experiment has had a profound impact on our understanding of behaviorism and remains a foundational study in the history of psychology.

 The Experiment:

Watson and Rayner meticulously selected an 11-month-old infant, Albert B., for their experiment. They began by introducing Albert to a variety of stimuli, including a white rat,....