Infant development evaluations are meant to help psychologists develop an assessment of childhood growth and development and to alert them to possible growth problems that might arise. An average is attained when 50, 75, or 95% of children have come to a milestone. An average percentage is then determined based on the performance of these children. Children who do not achieve these milestones within the average time are then evaluated more closely in order to help them cope with their lives and schoolwork more easily. These evaluations are therefore meant to help children who seem to be slower in their development.
Gross motor skills begin to develop by 1 month of age, when an infant can lift its head from a prone position. At three months, the infant can use its arms for support to hold its chest up. At 3-4 months an infant can role over, and by 4-5 months…...

The infant's body tenses and jerks up, her face turns bright, eyebrows rise, moth opens in a grin and her finger, toes, arms and legs move toward him to expect a playful interaction from him. The father plays more vigorously than does the mother and this is what the infant comes to expect. He plays through an interactive style, which can have an impact on the infant's cognitive development and contribute to its healthy development. Three approaches to explaining the differences in parenting behaviors were the biophysical explanation of parenting; the sociological interpretation of parent roles, based on the best family arrangement of raising children; and the child development framework. All these approaches recognize the importance of the father. ut they also interpret his behavior differently in interacting with offspring and in what best steps to take in making those arrangements for childrearing (Fletcher) sensitive and responsive caregiver is…...

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Bibliography

Caldera, Y.M. (2004). Paternal involvement and infant attachment. 15 pages.Fathering: Men's

Studies Press

Fletcher, R. (2005). The father-infant connection. Engaging Father Project. Australian Association for Infant Mental Health. 26 pages. Brisbane, Australia: University of Newcastle

Gould, B. (2006). The psychological work of pregnancy. Head Start Bulletin, issue 73. 7 pages.

The complex dynamic processes that underlie the development of the various functionalities of the infant brain and its maturation into an adult brain continue to be studied by researchers working to uncover the pattern of brain development. Earlier, there was a battle between the role of nature and nurture in brain development of a Child. Today, neurologists have concurred that both nature and nurture play a significant role during the initial years of development of the brain. Advancements in neuroimaging techniques including the various refinements in MRI and optical tomography have made possible the focused study of the various developmental stages of the brain in an infant. Particularly, the portable, safe and easy to use Optical tomography has brought the scanning device to the infant instead of having to carry the infant to the scanning device. It is also now a known fact that the emotional and behavioral development…...

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Bibliography

1) Sean Brotherson, 'Understanding Brain Development in Young Children', Accessed Mar 29th 2010, available at,  http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/yf/famsci/fs609w.htm 

2) Nelson, C.A., & Bloom, E. (1997). Child development and neuroscience.

Child Development, 68,970-987.

3) Miguel et.al, 'Withdrawn and intrusive maternal interaction style and infant frontal EEG asymmetry shifts in infants of depressed and non-depressed mothers', Infant Behav Dev. 2006 April; 29(2): 220 -- 229., Available Online at,  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1712668/

The psychological preference not only for familiar caretakers, or food, but also for familiar sounds as well as perhaps even the ability to recognize word boundaries.
The article relates directly to this class in that it is an excellent example of the use of perception and memory. Not only does the infant perceive and has to ability to finely distinguish between the sounds of words, but shows the ability to retain and remember that sound over a period of time.

hile I agree with the authors intention and find a great deal of the interest in the research represented, I find that by only using this one research example the author fails to meet the burden of proof for his conclusion that infants know when words end and begin. The target word should have been presented inside a long nonsense word strung together to see if the infant could distinguish it,…...

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Works Cited

Fanzen, Harald. "Babies Know Early on Where Words Begin and End." Scientific American Online. June 2001. 16 February 2007  http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=babies-know-early-on-wher

According to this professional, circumcisions that are competently performed under local anaesthesia cause no more pain or harm than an immunisation injection. Furthermore, male circumcision ahs shown benefits such as the reduction of sexually transmitted infections such as the human pailloma virus, chancroid and syphilis. She also cites studies that indicated a reduced risk of HIV infection in males who have been circumcised.
Indeed, there are quite humane ways to circumcise infants with the minimal amount of stress and pain today. Furthermore, cultural and religious reasons for performing the ritual cannot be discarded. Particularly when done under the correct and most humane possible circumstances, cultural practices should not be prohibited.

Having said this, and considering the issue from all viewpoints, however, the fact remains that infant male circumcision is the removal of part of the human body without the consent of its owner, the child. It carries significant risks, especially in…...

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References

Bering, J. (2010, Apr. 23). Is male circumcision a humanitarian act? Scientific American: Bering in Mind. Retrieved from  http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=is-male-circumcision-a-humanitarian-2010-04-23 

Hinchley, G. And Patrick, K. (2007, Dec 8). Is Infant Male Circumcision an Abuse of the Rights of the Child? Science Daily. Retrieved from  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071207120817.htm 

Manimale, N. (2010, Mar 15). CDC should not recommend infant male circumcision. The Oracle Online. Retrieved from http://www.usforacle.com/cdc-should-not-recommend-infant-male-circumcision-1.2191240

Infant/Child CPR
CPR Instruction for Young and Middle-Aged Adults with infants and young children.

I will be teaching CPR for infants and young children to a population of young to middle-aged adults at ible aptist Church in Chickasha, OK. Those likely to take this course will range in age from 19 to 40 years old and are likely to be both male and female. This class will teach the highest level of prevention -- the support of life until medical help can arrive.

I determined the learning needs of this group by interviewing several people within the target population. I found that most of the adults in two Sunday School classes at this church knew little or nothing about how to perform CPR on infants and children. At the same time, the people I talked with expressed an interest. Those people were parents or grandparents of young children. In particular, the recent emergencies…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Canadian Group for Emergency Training."Child/Infant CPR Course." Accessed via the Internet 9/20/05.

Smith, Donna, and Williams, Jessica. Date not given. "Don't Leave it to Luck: Learn Infant/child CPR." Toddlers Today at iParenting.com. Accessed via the Internet 9/20/05.

Staff writers. 2003. "Babysitting Is a Serious Job." USA Today, March, Vol. 131, pp 6+.

Babies -- Birth to Year One
Thomas Balmes' 2010 documentary Babies portrays the stage of development that infants undergo from their birth to their first year. Focusing on four culturally diverse families and lifestyles, the film gives its viewers insight into how a child's cognitive and physical developments manifest throughout 12 months of life. One surprising aspect of the child's development stage that was shown in the documentary was the fact that even through the different parental backgrounds the basic stages that infants undergo remained ultimately the same. The children cried at certain physical impacts, they gurgled and laughed at forms of amusement, they began to speak and form words in their own languages, and they moved on to crawl, stand, and walk by the end of their first year. Regardless of nationality -- Namibian, Japanese, Mongolian, and American -- and the methods used by cultural and lifestyle constraints, there seems…...

Tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use can lead to birth defects, low birth weight, and premature delivery (HHS, 2006). All of these are listed as the major causes of infant mortality (CDC). Given the literature and public service announcements produced on these subjects over the past several decades, it is difficult to believe that anyone in this country is unaware of the detrimental effects these things can have on a fetus, and apparently thee communications are working to a degree; the infant mortality rate has dropped significantly, and yet such abuse is still among the leading causes of infant death (CDC; HHS, 2006). To tackle these issues, information should not be the focus of the message strategy but rather the mothers themselves should be the message's focus. Perhaps a short bulleted list of the disadvantages children with fetal alcohol syndrome and other effects of in utero abuse are likely to…...

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References

Eliminate disparities in infant mortality." Center for disease control website (CDC). Accessed 31 January 2009.  http://www.cdc.gov/omhd/AMH/factsheets/infant.htm 

Health and human services fact sheet: Preventing infant mortality." (2006). Health and human services website (HHS). Accessed 31 January 2009.

There have been numerous debates over the right choice between breast feeding and other substitutes in the conditions of mothers infected with HIV. Due to the possibility of infecting the infant with the virus, many women prefer bottled milk or other substitutes. However, unlike western countries where the issue of hygiene is no longer a problem, not even in the remotest corners of the countries, the situation is Africa is greatly related to the idea of a clean environment for women and their newborns. In this sense, the lack of financial possibilities determines the state and the population to be unable to provide a proper environment and to be unable to afford one respectively. Thus, the milk other than the maternal one is subjected to all sorts of bacteria, viruses, and even diseases. Therefore, on the one hand, there is the risk of the child to become infected with HIV;…...

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Bibliography

Afolabi, et al. (2001) Malaria in the first 6 months of life in urban African infants with anemia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 65, Issue 6, 822-827. Retrieved 26 March 2008, at  http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/reprint/65/6/822 

Andersson, H. (2005). Niger's children continue dying. BBC News. Retrieved 26 March 2008, at  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4274728.stm 

Andersson, H. (2005). Niger children starving to death. BBC News. Retrieved 26 March 2008, from,  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4695355.stm 

Aneki (2008) Countries with the Highest Infant Mortality Rates in the World. Aneki Web page. Retrieved 26 March 2008, at  http://www.aneki.com/mortality.html

The proclaimers of baby selling argue that the moral implications are not as negative as generally perceived by the society, but that trade with babies exists in numerous markets and in numerous forms and the legalization and embracement of such procedures would only be natural. "These markets are centered around the production and acquisition of babie - babies in the form of component sperm and eggs, babies in the form of fresh or frozen embryos, babies in the form of tissues and organs, and babies as full-term living infants" (Hirschman, 1991). As such, from the technological stand point, the selling of life babies would only be an extension of the modern procedures implemented to help conceive babies.

Then, there is the legal aspect of it. However the current legislature prohibits the trade of babies, the process should be best perceived as a contract between parties and it should be respected and…...

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References

Colen, B.D., 1987, Bringing Up Baby M., Health, July Edition, pp. 64-68

Eliot, T.S., Where Have all the Babies Gone?, Future Tool Kit, Retrieved from www.futuretoolkit.com/birth97.docon April 1, 2008

Fox, R., 1993, Babies for Sale, Public Interest, Number 111

Hirschman, E.C., 1991, Babies for Sale: Market Ethics and the New Reproductive Technologies, Journal of Consumer Affairs, Volume 25

here it is evident that the parents have run afoul of their rehabilitation responsibilities, I would be inclined to verbally intervene with the intention of advising them on how to protect their interests.
4. How would you adhere to Statement #2 and make sure that you are treating the client with respect, acceptance and dignity?

I would work to maintain the dignity of clients by making as a primary priority the stability of the whole family unit. Removing Baby Kim from the care of the parents appears not to be the best way to pursue this end. Therefore, I would consider it important to work with the parents to emphasize their strengths, which in the case of the mother appears to be domestic responsibilities and rearing her children and in the case of the father appears to be his ability to earn a stable living. These areas should be used to…...

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Works Cited:

National Drug Endangered Children Training & Advocacy Center (NDEC-TAC). (2010). The Front Page. Ndec-tac.org.

National Organization for Human Services (NOHS). (1996). Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals. Nationalhumanservices.org.

Infants (less than a year old) would be in solitary play mode. Family members being present may help but the child will probably explore on their own even if others are present. During the second year, they will probably still tend to play by themselves but family and playmates can start to be integrated. Toddlers (the next two groups) will get into parallel play and associative play. Once the 5-8-year stage is reached, there is more of what is known as cooperative play and the students are fully engaged with each other (Rosemount, 2015).
Rosemount. (2015). Welcome to Independent School District 196. District196.org. Retrieved 30 August 2015, from http://www.district196.org/ec/TeacherCurriculum/KaySikichTheFourStagesofPlay.cfm

C 430 -- Unit II

Piaget defined play as a form of assimilation. Further, Piaget said it displays the child's efforts to make stimuli in his environment match his or her own concepts in life. However, Piaget cautioned that play does not automatically lead…...

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Englebright-Fox, J. (2015). Early Childhood NEWS - Article Reading Center. Early Childhoodnews.com. Retrieved 30 August 2015, from  http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=240 

CE 430 -- Unit V

Inclusion is the idea that all students will be included regardless of background, disability, age and so forth. Inclusion is indeed an ethical issues because lack of socialization can stunt the development of a child and really put them behind for years to come. It can also greatly hurt their feelings. The role or a teacher or facilitator is to ensure that all students and that no exclusion (intentional

Children
AGE GROUP PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES

There are many milestones for each age. I have selected some that have to do with movement on a small and large scale because I believe that they have to do with the way in which children may be inclined to move a good deal and perhaps exercise in later life.

Infants: [footnoteRef:1] [1: American Pregnancy. First Year Development: Infant Development. American Pregnancy Association. http://www.americanpregnancy.org/firstyearoflife/firstyeardevelopment.html, accessed January 28, 2012.]

Fine (Small) -- hands clench, strong grasp reflex, holds objects, pulls on clothing or blankets.

Gross (Large) -- Turns head, rolls back and forth on stomach, holds weight on feet, bounces when held standing, sits well by about nine months.

Toddlers:[footnoteRef:2] [2: Toddler Developmental Milestones. Parenting Magazine. http://www.parenting.com/article/toddler-developmental-milestones?page=0,1, accessed January 28, 2012.]

Fine -- filling up and dumping out small items, trying to dress and undress, drawing or scribbling, stacking or sorting objects, poking and pinching.

Gross -- Throwing and kicking a…...

Infancy is the stage between birth and two years of age. This stage is characterized by rapid physical growth than any other stage of life. Very interesting changes occur in this couple of years. Brain development also occurs rapidly at this stage. Prior to birth, the unborn baby has most of the brain cells, but not all. There is a very rapid development of the neural connections between the cells. Contrary to what most people think, the baby is not entirely helpless. It is capable of all the basic activities required to sustain life -- breathing, suckling, swallowing and excretion. By the first week, the newborns can identify the direction from which sound is coming, recognize the voice of the mother from other voices and is capable of simple imitating basic gestures such as opening the mouth and sticking out the tongue (Shaffer & Kipp, 2013).
Physical Changes

Reflexes (automatic in built…...

Helping parents understanding the infant's needs, development, and behavior, along with educating the parents in the area of proper parenting constitutes vital components for the prevention of SBS.
In the article, "New programs target shaken-baby syndrome," Alex Newman (2008) relates the following prevention tactics:

Check if baby needs to be changed/fed/burped.

Check if baby is too hot/too cold.

Make sure baby's clothes fit comfortably.

Play white noise (radio, TV static, fan, vacuum).

Rock gently or use a baby swing.

Pick up baby and cuddle, hum, sing or talk in a soothing voice.

Take baby for a ride in car or stroller. (Newman)

To help the potential shaker calm a crying child under 2-years-old, he/she could consider these steps:

Put the child in a safe place. alk away.

Listen to music, read, call a friend to talk.

Check on your baby every 5 to 10 minutes. (Newman)

In "Project baby care: A parental training program for students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders," Catherine…...

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WORKS CITED

A.D.A.M. "Shaken Baby Syndrome." Health Guide. 31 May 2009. 31 May 2009.

.

Blake, Ann and Jennifer Michael. "Saving Babies From Shaking." Children's Voice. Child Welfare League of America, Inc. 2006. HighBeam Research. 27 May 2009

.

Impact of Maternal Depression on Mother-Infant Bonding in the NICU
Maternal depression, a prevalent mental health condition affecting women during the postpartum period, significantly impacts mother-infant bonding, particularly in the context of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Causes and Effects
Hormonal Imbalances: Postpartum depression disrupts hormone levels, affecting mood, energy levels, and attachment.
Cognitive Impairments: Depression can impair cognitive functioning, reducing a mother's ability to process and respond to infant cues.
Emotional Distress: Depression leads to overwhelming feelings of sadness, anxiety, and guilt, which can disrupt the ability to form meaningful connections.
Effects on Bonding
Reduced Interaction: Depressed mothers have difficulty engaging....