Indigenous People (annotated Bibliography)
Conservations of wildlife in Africa

Barrett, C.B. (1995). Are Integrated Conservation-Development Projects (ICDP's) ustainable on the conservation of Large Mammals in ub-aharan Africa? World Development 23(7): 1073-1084.

Barrett (1995) investigated the link that exists between rural development and species conservation and established that rural development and species conservation has conceptual flaws that limit its appropriateness and sustainability when it is used to protect large African mammals. This came out in the wake of ICDPs broader appeal that it could benefit the local community.

Brockington, D. & Igoe, J. (2006). Eviction for Conservation: A Global Overview. Conservation and ociety 4(3): 424-470.

Relationships between conservationists and the indigenous communities have been turbulent from time immemorial (Brockington & Igoe, 2006). This has partly been prompted by eviction of these people from protected areas. The authorities prosecuting eviction have used the moral high ground that conservation currently enjoys. They have argued that such efforts save…...

mla

Spinage, C. (2003). Social Change and Conservation Misrepresentation in Africa. Ecology and Organizational Biology 32(4):265-276

West, P., Igoe, J. & Brockington, D. (2006). Parks and Peoples: The Social Impact of Protected

Areas. Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 251-277.

This theme is further argued in the last chapter of the book, which presents a perspective into the future, with Queen Cockacoeske as a future Pocahontas, a future representative of her tribe in the relations with the English.
The question that many of the indigenous people asked themselves, and this is extremely well presented in this book, is how to make this transition better and with as many benefits for them. Their territories were a property they would soon dispense of so a peaceful solution seemed like the best way to handle such a delicate problem.

Townsend makes a strong case for historical truth and the constant search for more information in the creation of history. Her presentation of Pocahontas succeeds in making the reader understand the true value of historical research combined with excellent writing skills. She makes the reader understand and better analyze human nature as many of the…...

mla

Bibliography

Townsend, C. (2004) Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma: The American Portraits Series. Hill and Wang; First Edition

indigenous peoples. Bodley notes that these cultures are often small scale -- although not always (e.g. Inca, Maya). Development brings them into a larger world, where they are influenced by other cultures including global culture. Many of the cultures today viewed as indigenous came into contact with larger external cultures during the past five hundred years, a period characterized by a shift towards a global-scale culture. The degree of shock that small-scale cultures experience when encountering global-scale culture is much higher than would have been experienced prior to global culture, as there would have been greater balanced between the size of the cultures meeting.
With development has come modern notions of property and the politicization of non-government entities such as corporations. These concepts being foreign to most indigenous populations, they were unprepared for these changes. As a result, many suffered significant loss of land, loss of cultural artifacts and loss…...

European Trade in America
Early European Trade in America

Trade between the Native American tribes has occurred in America for longer than can be recorded, however, the appearance of the Europeans changed the delicate balance that existed. In their attempt to obtain European goods, the Native Americans began to alter the way they lived and traded, and many conflicts arose. But as more and more Europeans colonized the New orld, relations between Europeans and the Native Americans change from trade and cooperation into conflict; especially with the British settlements. As long as the Europeans only wanted to trade and not colonize, like the French in Canada, there were good relations, but in the end the expansion of the British, and later the independent Americans that all but destroyed a system that had existed for centuries.

Historians have discovered that long distance trade networks spanned the North American continent long before the arrival…...

mla

Works Cited

Smith, Michael. "Trading Patterns: Ancient American." Berkshire Encyclopedia of World

History. 2010. Web. 22. Oct. 2013.

 http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-10-TradeEncyc.pdf 

"The Beginnings of the Fur Trade." Canada's First Peoples. First Peoples of Canada.com. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.

Environmental Justice and the Environmental Rights of Russian Indigenous People in the Arctic Region
The research proposed in this study is that concerning the legal protection of indigenous peoples and particularly in regards to environmental rights under international and domestic law. The research proposed has a special emphasis on the Russian indigenous peoples of the Arctic region.

The primary goal of the research proposed in this study is to determine and analyze international legal mechanisms, which will assist indigenous people of Russian Arctic region in protection of their environment rights.

The methodology chosen in the proposed research is of a qualitative nature, which is descriptive and interpretive in nature, and such that will involve an analysis of environmental justice on international and domestic levels. Included will be an investigation of whether international environmental law has been incorporated into Russian laws and development policies regarding indigenous peoples, environmental rights of these people including an…...

mla

Bibliography

Environmental Problems (nd) U.S. Embassy -- Country Studies -- Russian. Retrieved from:  http://countrystudies.us/russia/25.htm 

Gross, Z. (1995) Native and Environmental Movements: Linking the Native Moment for Sovereignty and the Environmental Movement. Z Magazine 8(11):52-50 (November 1995). Retrieved from:  http://www.cnie.org/NAE/docs/grossman.html 

Hoogensen, G. And Bazely, D. (2011) Environmental Change & Human Security in the Arctic. University of the West of England, Bristol. Retrieved from:  http://gnhre.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=47&Area=2&Room=99&Constellation=124&LearningObject=1015 

Koivurova, T., Tervo, H. And Stepien, A. (2008) Background Paper: Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic. 4 Sept 2008 Arctic TRANSFORM. Retrieved from:  http://arctic-transform.org/download/IndigPeoBP.pdf

Bartolome De La Casas
Bartolome de las Casas was a Spanish Bishop who spent a sizable portion of his adult life crusading for the rights of indigenous peoples in the Americas, who were generally treated poorly under Spanish colonial rule. He advocated several different solutions to improve the treatment of the indigenous people. These included setting up towns for them, or towns where they could live side by side with the Spanish. He also fought for the abolition of slavery of the indigenous people. His work helped lead to the passage of the New Laws of 1542, which prohibited the enslavement of the native people of the Americas, but his ideas were also met with significant resistance both in Spain and in the colonies (PBS.org, 2010).

To promote his ideas, he undertook several ventures. De las Casas wrote several books that outlined the cruel treatment to which the indigenous people were subjected…...

mla

References

Kiefer, J. (n.d.). Bartolome de las Casas: Missionary, priest, defender of the oppressed. Anglican.org. Retrieved September 27, 2013 from  http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/203.html 

PBS.org. (2010) Bartolome de las Casas. When Worlds Collide. Retrieved September 27, 2013 from  http://www.pbs.org/kcet/when-worlds-collide/people/bartolome-de-las-casas.html

The Bank states that every effort is made to ensure that the people subject to resettlement are given the appropriate social tools to restore their ability to function economically and earn an income.
However, the feasibility of full economic compensation is often problematic, given that no area is perfectly 'equivalent' to the place of origin. Furthermore, the issue of cultural 'sustainability' arises, even if the orld Bank provisions are an improvement upon the actions of many national governments in the past: environmentalists contend that both land and endangered animals should be preserved in the interests of sustaining an ecosystem. hy not human beings? hy should traditional ways of life and claims upon the land be sacrificed in the name of so-called progress? hy isn't the sustainability of human cultures a priority? These are some of the questions that arise regarding the orld Bank's and other resettlement policies.

orks Cited

"hat we do."…...

mla

Works Cited

"What we do." Resettlement Thematic Group. World Bank. November 23, 2009. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/EXTINVRES/0,,contentMDK:20486618~menuPK:1242235~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:410235,00.html

"Key concepts." World Bank. November 23, 2009. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/EXTINVRES/0,,contentMDK:20486558~menuPK:1242254~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:410235,00.html

Initiation ceremonies could last for weeks, involving singing and dancing, story telling, body decorations and ceremonial objects. Some of the stories are open to all the people of the tribe, while others are secret and meant only for the initiates.
During funeral ceremonies, the people of the tribe would often paint themselves white and mourn by cutting themselves. Rituals may involve songs and dances focused upon helping the deceased leave his or her body successfully, and returning to the birth place for late rebirth. The burial occurs in two stages: During the first stage, the deceased is laid on a platform and covered with leaves and branches. After several months, the secondary burial involves collecting the bones, painting them with red ochre, and dispersing them by sometimes carrying them around, or leaving them in a cave shelter.

Introducing Change

Since the arrival of the settlers, many injustices have been perpetrated against the…...

mla

Bibliography

Aboriginal Culture. Religion. http://www.aboriginalculture.com.au/religion.shtml

Wuttunee, Wanda. Living Rhythms: Lessons in Aboriginal Economic Resilience and Vision. McGill-Queens Press, 2004.

Zierott, Nadja. Aboriginal Women's Narratives: Reclaiming Identities. Lit Verlag, 2005.

Traditional Custodians of the Land The local community is heavily influenced by the culture and practices of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. They make up Australia’s indigenous people and comprise several groups that have different languages, traditions, and histories. The history and knowledge of the indigenous communities were passed down from one generation to the next through performance, language, story-telling, elders’ teachings, and preservation of important sites. Indigenous Australians are not just limited to the local community. They can be found all over the nation from the cities to the expansive arid lands. The definition the Australian government gives to Indigenous people is people of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identify with those communities and are accepted by the communities they live in as part of the group. Not all Aboriginal and Torres Islander people willingly identify by the groups of their descent. While the number of…...

mla

References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2018, Profile of indigenous Australians. Available from [26 January 2019].

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2018, Indigenous Australians’ access to and use of health services. Available from https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/3a2cdfb0-ba14-4b14-b6ac-039dcf35c5e3/aihw-aus-221-chapter-6-8.pdf.aspx. [26 January 2019].

Australia Population 2018, Australian population 2019. Available from http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/australia/. [26 January 2019].

NSW Government 2018, Places of significance. Available from https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/nswcultureheritage/PlacesOfSignificance.htm. [26 January 2019].

NSW Department of Community Services 2009, Working with Aboriginal people and communities: A practice resource. Available from http://www.carersaustralia.com.au/storage/2011Working%20with%20Aboriginal%20People%20and%20Communities.pdf. [26 January 2019].

State Government of Victoria 2018, Aboriginal cultural heritage of Victoria. Available from https://www.vic.gov.au/aboriginalvictoria/heritage/aboriginal-cultural-heritage-of-victoria.html. [26 January 2019].

Tonkinson, R & Berndt, RM 2019, ‘Australian Aboriginal people’, Encyclopedia Britannica. Available from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal. [26 January 2019].

https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/f29b7dd4-695a-4f9f-a508-ecdacc52beca/aihw-aus-221-chapter-6-1.pdf.aspx.

Ceremonies of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Indigenous Peoples
People have been living along the Pacific Northwest Coast for more than 11,000 years, and while the tribes and nations that developed differed in their customs and cultures, they shared some common ceremonial practices including most especially those involving their most important beliefs and natural resources such as salmon and the white deer. This paper provides a description of the different types of ceremonies used by the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coastal regions, including the Potlatch, Salmon Ceremony, the White Deerskin Dance and the Jumping Dance, followed by an analysis concerning how the scholarly or ethnographic records can be engaged in ways that contribute to building solidarities with and among indigenous people and what the ethnography of North American indigenous people can contribute to a critique of non-indigenous culture. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning the ceremonies…...

mla

References

Bredin, Marian (1993), "Ethnography and Communication: Approaches to Aboriginal Media," Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 37-39.

Finkbeiner, Ann (2015, September 14), "The Great Quake and the Great Drowning,' Hakai Magazine. [online] available:  https://www.hakaimagazine.com/article-long/great-quake-and-great-drowning .

Gingrich, Jennifer (2003, Winter), "The Power Source of a Tribe Seeking to Achieve World Renewal and the Protection of Its Natural and Cultural Resources," Environmental Law, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 215-221.

Lightfoot, Kent G. and Otis Parrish, California Indians and Their Environment: An Introduction. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.

Indigenous populations in epublican ome (ca. 500 BCE -- 31 BCE)
Citizenship in colonial era

IV Comparison and Contrast

The issues citizenship of indigenous populations in the oman epublic and during the colonial era in Europe provides comprehensive information regarding how the indigenous populations were treated by Europeans. The right to get justice and to self-determine their politico-social life is the main issues that political philosophy is confronted with (Kabeer, 2002). The internationalization and globalization phenomenon has increased the debate on the issue as the indigenous population demands the rights that only citizenship status grants to individuals. espect and rights are demanded by the indigenous populations and these are accompanied with obligations as well, that being argued by the nation states and expansionist regimes. Citizenship has been regarded as a humane word with plethora of rights and obligation associated to it. The oman epublic is considered as a spearhead of democracy (North, 1990)…...

mla

References

Acemoglu, D, Johnson, S & Robinson, J 2003,'The rise of Europe: Atlantic trade, institutional change and economic growth',The American Economic Review, Vol. 95, No. 3, pp. 546-579.

Dodds, S 1998,'Citizenship, justice and indigenous group-specific rights-Citizenship and indigenous Australia',Citizenship studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 105-119.

Fantham, E 2005,'Liberty and the people in Republican Rome',In Transactions of the American Philological Association, Vol. 135, No. 2, pp. 209-229.

History.org 2013, 'Voting Chain of Events Directions', Viewed on 15 Apr 2013, [ http://www.history.org/History/teaching/enewsletter/volume4/images/ChainDirections.pdf ]

In addition the Europeans that colonized Australia believed that their culture was superior and the aboriginal culture would somehow disappear in a short period of time. hen this did not occur drastic steps were taken to assimilate indigenous people. These steps included taking aboriginal children away from their families to be raised in white society.
Certainly this type of violent and reckless interaction led to great fear and panic because a way of life that had existed for thousands of years began to vanish. Such stressors were passed down from generation to generation. Stress is a dangerous emotion because it can cripple to immune system and also cause people not to have the will to properly take care of their health.

Government policy and exclusion

According to McCalman et al. (2005) the types of government policies adapted as a result o colonialism has also contributed to poor health amongst indigenous groups when…...

mla

Works Cited

Aboriginal health issues.  http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/aboriginal_health_issues-open 

Anderson, I.,&Whyte, D. (2006). Australian Federalism and Aboriginal Health. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2, 5-16.

McCalman, J., Morley, R., & Mishra, G. (2008). A health transition: Birth weights, households and survival in an Australian working class population sample born 1857 -- 1900. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 1070-1083.

McCalman J., Smith L., Anderson I., Morley R., Mishra G. (2009) Colonialism and the health transition: Aboriginal Australians and poor whites compared, Victoria, 1850 -- 1985. History of the Family 14-253 -- 265

" [Parliament of Australia]
The Future

Australia's aboriginal population is currently estimated around 4,60,000 roughly constituting 2.3% of the national population. [Australian Government] However, the sad fact is that aborigines have higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse and unemployment. Prime minister Rudd declared a state of emergency in the northern territory following high reports of alcoholism and child sexual abuse among the aboriginal communities. Efforts were also taken to restrict the use of welfare money only in stipulated shops so as to ensure that money is not spent on alcohol. Such intervention measures have created controversies but the government persists with these emergency measures citing the acute needs of the aboriginal communities. Prime minister Rudd envisions a future "where this Parliament resolves that the injustices of the past must never, never happen again. A future where we harness the determination of all Australians, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, to close the gap that…...

mla

Bibliography

1) Dr. Michael Halloran, 'Cultural Maintenance and Trauma in Indigenous Australia: Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Australia and New Zealand Law and History Society Conference, Perth, Western Australia (2-4th July, 2004), retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from,  http://www.latrobe.edu.au/psy/aw/Halloran-Murdoch_law_journal.pdf 

2) Reconcili Action Network, (Jul 2007) 'Stolen generations', retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from, http://reconciliaction.org.au/nsw/education-kit/stolen-generations/

3) UNPO, (2008), 'Aboriginals of Australia', retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from,  http://www.unpo.org/members/7855 

4) HREOC, (Apr 1997) 'Bringing Them Home: Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report', retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from, ' http://www.hreoc.gov.au/social_justice/bth_report/report/ch2_part2.html

To understand an indigenous religion, one must first understand the indigenous way-of-life, which cannot be done once one has an understanding of science and the world at large.
The problem is that, finding indigenous religions inaccessible, members of the dominant culture generally try to eliminate indigenous religions. As a general rule, the major world religions contain a tenet that each one worships the only actual god and that others struggle in darkness. Furthermore, they may also contain admonitions to "save" those who are not yet members of the religion in question. Therefore, when an indigenous population is discovered, members of the dominant culture often try to envelop it into the larger culture. Furthermore, because world religions account for the presence of multiple types of people, while indigenous religions do not, it is easy for the dominant culture to swallow-up the indigenous one, but not for the converse to occur....

People's History of the U.S. By Zinn
The responses to the Indian removal campaign were as diverse as the tribes themselves. Some fought, some surrendered, and within some tribes, they did both. For one tribe, the Creek, there were those that chose to fight Andrew Jackson's troops and protect their land. In some cases, this involved aggressive attacks against U.S. encampments. Others within the Creek Nation chose to cooperate with U.S. troops, lured by the promise of friendly relations if they should comply. As such, they joined Jackson's forces in battle against their fellow tribe members. They were rewarded, after the U.S. massacre, with seizure of their land. Some Native American groups chose to sign treaties with the government and believed that they would be relocated to areas that were more secure. This was rarely true, and as a result indigenous people were shuttled from one place to another, often…...

mla

2. In general, the history of indigenous-white relations is a story of oppression and mistreatment. While a lot of violence occurred on both sides of the several Indian-U.S. government wars, there is little question that the government were the aggressors in their relentless removal campaign. Before this removal campaign, however, white settlers had to rely upon the Natives' knowledge of the land upon which they were now making a home. This reliance created peace. But once the itch of capitalism set in and the use of land for mass farming was necessary, relations changed. Speckled Snake felt, in short, that the white man was a father, who had been nourished by the Indians' kindness and now became large and powerful. He went on to say that the "father" only wanted his "sons" to stay away now, while he swallowed up the resources of the land. In a certain sense, he is correct. The white man did become great on the back of the Indian, but had grown more powerful and was using that power to move the Indian further and further afield.

3. The negotiations between the U.S. And the First Nations were more or less one-sided in favor of the government. Some of the treaties may have seemed kind, but on closer look changed the culture and fabric of the Indian lifestyle, eroding their power. One example is Jackson's 1814 treaty which created individual ownership of land, as the Indians had shared a more communal attitude toward the Earth and this created competition. Other treaties were simply ways to make Indian removal official and did not provide for any advantages to the Native people. They gave over land to the government upon threat of violence if the Natives resisted. Even more of an insult than the general unfairness of the treaties was the fact that the government did not always abide by them.

4. American foreign policy is marked by imperialism and paternalism and these are the same attitudes that were exhibited toward the Indians. Because of raw greed, the government chose to subject the Native people to actions that were not in their best interest (in this case, removal from their land). In cases when they resisted, the government declared war. Often, this was couched in a claim of self-defense. This happens even today, when the U.S.'s business interests (particularly in the hunt for oil) lead them to foreign nations to try to conquer foreign people. Beyond this, the government generally has an interest in the assimilation of foreign people into the American way of life. Democracy, capitalism, and materialism are promoted. The Natives who thrived did so only because they chose to go into business, to run their own farms, and to govern themselves to the extent they were allowed. These actions all ran counter to their old lifestyle.

Deforestation is a major issue with a global impact, but calls to end deforestation are going to remain unsuccessful unless people really understand the causes and effects of the process.  The economic depression in areas that are vulnerable to deforestation may leave them with few alternatives, and the ecological devastation that results from deforestation only perpetuates the economic vulnerability.  Here are some of our suggested titles for an essay about the causes and effects of deforestation:

Deforestation Essay Titles

1. Worlds that Will Never Be Known: The Impossibility of Predicting the True Effect of Deforestation
2. Indigenous People, Colonialism, and....

Certainly! Here are a few unique and fresh essay topics on Japanese internment:

1. Exploring the Role of Japanese American Women during Internment: Discuss the experiences, contributions, and resilience of Japanese American women during the internment period, highlighting their role in preserving their communities and influencing social change.

2. The Psychological Impact of Internment on Japanese American Children: Analyze the long-term psychological effects that internment had on Japanese American children and how their experiences shaped their identity, relationships, and future aspirations.

3. Artistic Expression and Resistance in Internment Camps: Examine how interned Japanese Americans utilized various art forms, such as poetry, drawing, and....

1. The impact of Mount St. Helens eruption on local flora and fauna: Explore how the eruption affected the ecosystem and biodiversity of the surrounding area.
2. The role of indigenous peoples in understanding and interpreting natural disasters like the Mount St. Helens eruption: Discuss how indigenous knowledge and traditions can provide valuable insights into the significance of such events.
3. The cultural and social implications of the Mount St. Helens eruption on local communities: Investigate how the eruption impacted the lives, beliefs, and traditions of the people living in the region.
4. The long-term environmental and geological effects of the Mount St.....

I. Introduction
A. Background information on Canada as a land of immigrants
B. Thesis statement: Discrimination has been a significant barrier preventing immigrants from coming to Canada throughout history.

II. Discrimination against Chinese immigrants
A. Head tax imposed on Chinese immigrants in 1885
B. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923
C. Impact of discrimination on Chinese immigrant populations

III. Discrimination against South Asian immigrants
A. Komagata Maru incident in 1914
B. Continuous journey regulation of 1908
C. Legal barriers preventing South Asian immigrants from coming to Canada

IV. Discrimination against Jewish immigrants
A. Limited entry for Jewish refugees during World War II
B. Anti-Semitic....