The income and wealth gap continues to grow at a faster and faster rate because there is ever more power to affect policy provided to those that have such substantial incomes.
Education and Healthcare
There are other less direct ways in which the income gap is self-perpetuating, as well, establishing a system that purports to be meritocratic -- based on merit, where everyone has an equal chance to succeed based on their own skills and efforts -- but that in reality is stacked in favor of those already endowed with financial success (the Economist, 2006). Access to education is heavily mediated by the ability to pay for this education, and this is true at all levels, from elementary school through to undergraduate and graduate schools; wealthy parents can afford to hire tutors for their children, to pay high fees for prestigious private schools that confer advantages in higher education and in…...
mlaReferences
Berman, J. (2011). U.S. Income Inequality Higher Than Roman Empire's Levels. Accessed 5 March 2012.
Having a free market economy is one of the things that makes growth possible, although there is also inherent risk in it. More than one company can offer services, and the competition of more than one or two companies will help to keep services competitive and prices low. Competition, however, can also have its problems. ecause of the way that some products are packaged and structured, and the multiple steps that are needed between the beginning product and the consumer, there are several areas where competition can become a problem and individual companies can get too much of the market share, thereby causing a problem for others who may want to get involved in the same type of service (Preston, 2001).
Despite these issues for the economy and the free market, having the government operate something has not always gone well, either. Social security is an example of this. It…...
mlaBibliography
Ferrara, Peter J. & Tanner, Michael D. (1998). A New Deal for Social Security. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute.
Preston, P. (2001). Reshaping Communications. Sage Publications.
Various factors are taken into consideration when calculating the income distribution, out of which the nominal income is most common. Aside form this, attention should be given to consumption levels of both subsidy products (food, clothing, housing) as well as to luxury products and services. In addition, several social and demographic criteria of the population must be considered, such as the level of education, housing facilities (personal property or rental), industry in which the population activates (manufacturing, services, Information Technology or agriculture) and working and social conditions, such as access to housing or education. Also, political and economical factors must be taken into consideration, including international trade policies, governmental regulations, competition on the market or unemployment rate.
All statistical observations and analyses point out the sad fact that the American incomes are extremely unevenly distributed. "A statistical summary of U.S. family income distribution since World War II shows the following:
1. The…...
mlaBibliography
Larden, J., Collins, C., Inequality, Demos - a network for Ideas and Action, 2007, accessed on December 11, 2007http://www.demos.org/inequality/,last
Bernstein, J., the Hierarchy of Income Inequality in the United States, the Multinational Monitor, Volume 24, Number 5, 2003
Income Inequality Metrics, Wikipedia, the Free Online Encyclopedia, 2007, accessed on December 10, 2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_inequality_metrics,last
Measuring Inequality, World Bank, 2007, last accessed on December 10, 2007http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPA/0,contentMDK:20238991~menuPK:492138~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:430367,00.html,
It is grossly inefficient not to means-test Social Security and Medicare. I would fix these programs by making them both means-tested. This would result in more efficient transfers to seniors who actually need the money, rather than giving money to seniors who do not need it. This would free up more money to other Americans -- even if just the average taxpayer by way of allowing for a balanced budget.
Lee notes that current redistribution policies have only made a marginal impact on the percent of national income that goes to the poor (from 6.4% in 1950 to 6.7% in 1970). This is not a significant improvement, unless that redistribution has become considerably more efficient over that time. There does not appear to be much evidence that supports the idea that redistribution has become more efficient. Instead, most redistribution programs are not means-tested, which means that much of the redistribution…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Lee, D. (2002). Redistribution of income. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved February 19, 2012 from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/RedistributionofIncome.html
Labor Income
The Labor Market and Income Inequality
Studies of the labor market have long struggled to explain the relationship between supply and demand in the labor market with the income or wage levels the labor market offers. The volatility in both of these areas -- that is, volatility both in the demand for labor and in wages -- has made it all but impossible for an adequate model to be designed that effectively predicts or explains income based on demand in the labor market; though certain large-scale trends can be tentatively suggested they do not appear to hold up in examinations of specific periods of change (or lack thereof). One of the particular issues that has come to the fore in recent years due to increased public attention, though it has been noted by researchers for some time, is the increasing income gap, which remains unexplained by current understandings of the…...
mlaReferences
Black, D. & Sanders, S. (2004). Labor market performance, poverty, and income inequality in Appalachia. Population Reference Bureau. Accessed 10 May 2012. http://www.arc.gov/assets/research_reports/LaborMarketPerformancePovertyandIncomeInequality1.pdf
Calderon, C.; Chong, A. & Valdes, R. (2004). Labor market regulations and income inequality. Inter-American Development Bank. Accessed 10 May 2012. http://cdi.mecon.gov.ar/biblio/doc/bid/wp514.pdf
Doyle, J., Ahmed, E. & Horn, R. (1999). The effects of labor markets and income inequality on crime. Southern Economic Journal 65(4): 717-38.
Poverty and Income Inequality
Introduction
Poverty and income inequality draw a great deal of attention from activists, scientists, and politicians who are attempting to propose a permanent solution to these two socio-economic issues. State intervention is often anticipated in this area. There is, however, no agreement regarding the most effective instruments and techniques, as well as regarding the extent of public outlay for the sole purpose of reducing inequality and poverty. Various researches have, as an outcome, been carried out to develop the efficiency of different intervention that is intended to solve the issue of income inequality and poverty that exists in most economies, both in the developing and developed countries. Given the different challenges that are posed by income inequality and poverty within the society, together with the numerous opinions on the various proposed solutions, there is no doubt that there is a need for additional research. This paper is an…...
Snapshot of single dispersed actor (Mancini 2020)Income and wealth inequality have come highly contentious and polarizing issues throughout the world today. A economic prosperity continues to grow, statistics show that more individuals are being left behind economically. The rise of income and wealth inequality is creating a large dichotomy between the haves and the have nots. Likewise, by having such as large proportion of the nations wealth and income within a select few individuals, their ability to impact political and social discourse is greatly enhanced. This is particular true within the united states where, politicians often rely on donations from wealthy donors to run for a particularly political office. These donors, often in exchange for their contributions often expect favors done for them as it relates to legislation and other policies. The very concept of lobbying is heavily skewed towards those with money, power and influence thereby circumventing the will…...
mlaReferences
1. Alvaredo, F. (2011), “Inequality over the Past Century”, September, Finance & Development, Vol. 48, No. 3, International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C., www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2011/09/pdf/picture.pdf.
2. Berg, A.G. and J.D. Ostry (2011), “Equality and Efficiency”, September, Finance & Development, IMF, Washington D.C., www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/fandd/2011/09/pdf/berg.pdf.
3. Cournède, B., O. Denk and P. Hoeller (2015), “Finance and Inclusive Growth”, 11 June, OECD Economic Policy Paper, No. 14, OECD Publishing, Paris,
Sociology
Social and income stratification in the United States has been a very real phenomenon over most of the history of the United States but the laser-like focus on the subject over the last couple of generations has eclipsed what has been seen previously. This is due in large part, to be sure, due to the twenty-four hour news cycle and increased ability of people to communicate and interact over the Internet and through other mediums. While there are certainly some negative aspects to social and income stratification, at least some of it is necessary and people have to be accountable for what they do or not do in life as the ability to "make it" in this country is open and waiting for at least most people. That all being said, opportunity is not infinite and it will not be just handed to people, and this is as it should…...
mlaReferences
Ehrenreich, B. (2011). Nickel and dimed: On (not) getting by in America. New York:
Picador.
Macionis, J., & Benokraitis, N. (2010). Seeing ourselves: Classic, contemporary, and cross-cultural readings in sociology (8th ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
Macionis, J. (2013). Society: The basics (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Economic Inequality
How serious is the issue of income inequality in the United States? This paper delves into the factual data surrounding this issue, including polling numbers taken by Gallup and the positions taken by Democrats and Republicans.
Income Inequality -- The Statistical Picture
Journalist Larry Schwartz has done the digging into relevant data and his article in Salon shows that: a) in 81% of U.S. counties, the median income is $52,000, " ... less than it was 15 years ago"; b) the poorest half of Americans own 2.5% of the country's wealth but the top 1% own 35% of the country's wealth; c) the cash doled out in bonuses on all Street in 2014 " ... is twice the amount all minimum-wage workers earned in the country combined"; d) Italians, Belgians and Japanese ordinary citizens " ... are wealthier than Americans"; and e) four hundred Americans have more wealth, $2 trillion,…...
mlaWorks Cited
Devaney, T. (2015). GOP struggles on income equality. The Hill. Retrieved October 10, 2015,
Everett, B. (2014). Dems seize on income inequality. Politico. Retrieved October 10, 2015,
Introduction
Understanding an argument means being able to assess the argument, and evaluate the different positions of the argument effectively. In many cases, there are issues with merely accepting a proposition – it pays to critically evaluate the biases, fallacies and reasoning behind each argument you are presented with.
Pro Arguments
The pro argument that is the most convincing is the first one, Pro 1, that UBI reduces poverty and income inequality, and improves health. There are three different hypotheses here. The evidence presented appears to be reliable. The Alaska case supports the income inequality hypothesis. The Namibia case supports the poverty reduction hypothesis. The India and Manitoba examples specifically support the improvement of health argument. So this argument is the most convincing because it starts with a clear, logical hypothesis and empirical evidence is provided to support each of the three clauses in the original argument.
Con Arguments
The only con argument that is…...
Addressing Income Inequality: Evaluating and Advocating Policy SolutionsThis policy proposal should be submitted to the House Committee on Ways and Means, as this committee is responsible for overseeing tax policy and revenue-raising measures in the United States. The proposal could also be presented to the Senate Committee on Finance, which has jurisdiction over tax policy and related matters at the federal level.I. IntroductionIncome inequality has been a growing concern in the United States, with the rich getting richer while the middle and lower classes struggle to maintain their standard of living. This paper will identify the issue of income inequality and discuss the problems surrounding it, drawing upon a minimum of four academic/legitimate sources from current events-related or scholarly journals.II. Problem StatementIncome inequality has widened over the past few decades, leading to a more unequal society with a significant wealth gap. This has resulted in various social and economic problems,…...
mlaReferencesBartels, L. M. (2008). Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton University Press.Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Harvard University Press.Piketty, T., Saez, E., & Stantcheva, S. (2014). Optimal Taxation of Top Labor Incomes: A Tale of Three Elasticities. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(1), 230-271.Raventos, D. (2007). Basic Income: The Material Conditions of Freedom. Pluto Press.Saez, E., & Zucman, G. (2019). The Triumph of Injustice: How the Rich Dodge Taxes and How to Make Them Pay. W.W. Norton & Company.Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The Price of Inequality: How Today\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Divided Society Endangers Our Future. W.W. Norton & Company.Widerquist, K. (2018). A Critical Analysis of Basic Income Experiments for Researchers, Policymakers, and Citizens. Palgrave Macmillan.Yang, A. (2018). The War on Normal People: The Truth About America\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Disappearing Jobs and Why Universal Basic Income Is Our Future. Hachette Books.Zucman, G. (2015). The Hidden Wealth of Nations: The Scourge of Tax Havens. University of Chicago Press.
Poverty Income Inequality and Female Labor Market Participation
1.0. Introduction
1.1. Problem Statement
Today's global inequality and poverty is an outcome of two successive centuries of unequal progress, and eradication remains one of the greatest global challenges. The 2020 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) identified that 22 percent of the world population (1.3 billion people) live with multi-dimensional poverty, with 42 percent living in Sub Saharan Africa and 41 percent living in South Asia. Every multidimensionally poor person is deprived of multiple poverty indicators which include health, education, and standards of living indicators, which include cooking fuel, drinking water, sanitation, electricity, housing, and asset ownership (UNDP, 2020). The different levels of poverty and income inequality are a manifestation of differences in gender labor participation. According to the International Labor Organization estimates, the women labor force participation rate of 49% is disproportionately lower than the men labor force participation rate of 75% and the world labor…...
mlaReferences
Cipollone, A., Patacchini, E., & Vallanti, G. (2014). Female labor market participation in Europe: novel evidence on trends and shaping factors. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 3(1). ILO. (2016). Global Gender Gap Report. In Encyclopedia of Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs350 ILO. (2017). World Employment Social Outlook. In Report. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_579893.pdf Ntuli, M. (2014). Determinants of South African Women\\\\' s Labour Force Participation, 1995- IZA DP No . 3119 Determinants of South African Women\\\\' s Labour Force Participation, 1995 – 2004 Miracle Ntuli October 2007 Forschungsinstitut Institute for the Study of Labor. November 2007, 1995–2004.OECD. (2019). Measuring the impact of social protection on inclusive growth. In Can Social Protection Be an Engine to Inclusive Growth (pp. 21–37). OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/a43dc9c3-en Raihan, S., & Jahan, I. (2018). How Does Social Protection Affect Labor Force Participation in Bangladesh? South Asia Economic and Policy Studies. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2071-2_8 UNDP. (2020). Charting pathways out of multi-dimensional poverty?: Achieving the SDGs. 1–52. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2020_mpi_report_en.pdf https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-3-18
Income Disparity and Development in Latin American Countries
The income disparity in the Latin American countries is the largest in the world and has a dramatic and complex impact on the development of these countries on many related levels. As one commentator states, "Inequality is as Latin American as good dance music and magical-realist fiction. Like those other regional products, it thrives." (Inequality in Latin America. A stubborn curse.)
Statistics from the World ank indicate that the richest tenth among Latin Americans earn 48% of total income, while the poorest tenth earn just 1.6%. The equivalent figures for rich countries are 29.1% and 2.5%. (Inequality in Latin America). While fifteen years of market reforms have resulted in income levels that are above those of Africa, yet " ... income disparity is the largest in the world and 222 million people live in poverty." (SANCHEZ M. 2005) Numerous studies and reports document the…...
mlaBibliography
Barro, R. "Democracy and Growth," Journal of Economic Growth, 1, 1-27. 1996
CONSTANCE P. A yardstick for misfortune. November 6, 2005.
http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/Archive/stories/1998/eng/e1198i.htm
Economics A-Z. November 6, 2005. November 6, 2005. http://www.economist.com/research/Economics/alphabetic.cfm?TERM=GNP
Income Gap
Income disparity does not allow those living in poverty to climb out and join the middle class, and keeps the most wealth, power, and privilege in the hands of a select few.
Topic Sentences to introduce references
Census Income Data
Worsening American Income Inequality: Is World Trade to Blame?
Income and Wealth Inequality in the United States
A Tool for Measuring Income Inequality
The Two Nations
This paper analyzes income levels in the United States. Specifically, it discusses how there are two distinct nations in the United States, one with people who have income levels in the top 20%, and those with income levels in the bottom 20%.
As the disparity grows between rich and poor in America, so does the inequality in our country, which threatens the very fabric of our lives. Income disparity does not allow those living in poverty to climb out and join the middle class, and keeps the most wealth, power, and…...
mlaReferences
Author not Available. "Income and Wealth Inequality in the United States." Americans for Democratic Action. 2002. 27 April 2004. http://www.adaction.org/pubs/304inequality.html
Blank, Rebecca M. "Selecting among Anti-Poverty Policies: Can an Economist Be Both Critical and Caring?" Review of Social Economy 61.4 (2003): 447+.
Burtless, Gary. "Worsening American Income Inequality: Is World Trade to Blame?" Brookings Review Spring 1996: 26+.
DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Robert W. Cleveland, and Bruce H. Webster, Jr. "Income in the United States: 2002." Census.gov. Sept. 2003. 27 April 2004. http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p60-221.pdf
For instance we can take the examples of African-Americans, the events and issues show that some ethnic groups had to struggle hard to stay ahead in the social fabric of American society.
Conclusion
The living conditions of poor and middle segment of the society are main indicators of the health of economy and income distribution. While in developing nations the plight of the poor and even middle segments of society is well-known. Developed nation like United States have not been associated with poverty and the poor treatment of certain segments of society. Recent event have made people argue that over the years issues of poverty and unequal income distribution have hit America in a big way. These issues now can not be brushed under the carpet as the issues are being debated at all forums. People have accepted the grim fact that Income gap exists in American Society and these issues…...
mlaBibliography
Dovring, F. Inequality: The Political Economy of Income Distribution. Praeger Publishers. New York. 1991.
Kristof. N. The Larger Shame. New York Times. Sep 6,2005 http://cygnus.lcc.edu:2051/pqdweb?did=892078491&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=9230&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Ryscavage, P. Sharpe. Income Inequality in America: An Analysis of Trends M.E. Sharpe. New York, 1999.
Scott, J. & Leonhardt, D. Class in America: Shadowy Lines That Still Divide; CLASS MATTERS. New York Times. May 15, 2005. http://cygnus.lcc.edu:2051/pqdweb?did=839712251&sid=8&Fmt=3&clientId=9230&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Certainly! Here are a few suggestions for social injustice essay topics:
1. Income inequality and its effects on marginalized communities.
2. Gender bias and discrimination in the workplace.
3. Racial profiling and its impact on communities of color.
4. Access to quality education for low-income students.
5. Environmental racism and its consequences on disadvantaged communities.
6. The criminal justice system's disproportionate treatment of minorities.
7. Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in society.
8. Disability rights and the challenges faced by disabled individuals.
9. Child labor and exploitation in developing countries.
10. The refugee crisis and the global response to displaced populations.
Remember, when writing about social injustice, it is essential to research....
Certainly! Here are some essay topics on Donald Trump:
1. Analyzing Donald Trump's presidency: Successes, failures, and controversies.
2. The impact of Donald Trump's immigration policies on the United States.
3. Donald Trump's approach to foreign relations: An examination of his diplomacy strategies.
4. The role of social media in Donald Trump's political communication.
5. Investigating the economic policies and their effects during Trump's presidency.
6. Donald Trump's impact on the Republican Party: Transformation or deviation?
7. The rise of populism and its connection to Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
8. Analyzing the media's portrayal of Donald Trump's administration: Bias and influence.
9. A comparative study: Donald Trump and previous....
Certainly! Here are some essay topic ideas related to Barack Obama:
1. Analyzing the major accomplishments and legacy of Barack Obama as President of the United States.
2. Exploring the challenges and obstacles faced by Obama during his presidency and evaluating his responses.
3. Investigating the impact of Obama's healthcare reform, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), on the American healthcare system.
4. Discussing Obama's approach to foreign policy, focusing on significant events such as the Iran nuclear deal or the Paris Climate Agreement.
5. Examining the Obama administration's efforts to address climate change and promote clean energy.
6. Assessing the economic policies and strategies implemented by....
Of course! Here are some essay topics that can help you practice writing an outline:
1. The effects of social media on modern society
2. The importance of mental health awareness
3. The impact of climate change on the environment
4. The role of technology in education
5. The benefits and drawbacks of remote work
6. The history of immigration in the United States
7. The significance of voting in a democracy
8. The rise of online shopping and its effects on traditional retail
9. The portrayal of women in the media
10. The challenges and opportunities of globalization
Feel free to choose any of these topics to create an outline....
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