Unpacking Identity Politics and Indigeneity






Introduction






In recent years, discussions surrounding identity politics and indigeneity have gained significant traction within academic and activist circles. These concepts are deeply intertwined, as they highlight the complexities of individual and collective identities in the context of marginalized and oppressed groups. Identity politics, as a concept, refers to the ways in which individuals construct and assert their identities based on shared experiences of discrimination, systemic inequalities, and marginalization. Indigeneity, on the other hand, focuses on the unique and complex identities of Indigenous peoples, encompassing their cultural, historical, and social dimensions.






The intersection of identity politics and indigeneity poses critical questions about power, agency, and representation. It challenges dominant narratives that have historically marginalized Indigenous communities and perpetuated harmful stereotypes. By embracing identity politics, Indigenous peoples are able to reclaim their voices, assert their rights, and challenge oppressive structures that seek to erase their identities. This form of…...

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References

1. Alfred, Taiaiake, and Jeff Corntassel. \"Being Indigenous: Resurgences against Contemporary Colonialism.\" Government and Opposition, vol. 40, no. 4, 2005, pp. 597-614.

2. Arvin, Maile, Eve Tuck, and Angie Morrill. \"Decolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy.\" Feminist Formations, vol. 25, no. 1, 2013, pp. 8-34.

3. Coulthard, Glen. Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition. University of Minnesota Press, 2014.

4. Crenshaw, Kimberlé. \"Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics.\" University of Chicago Legal Forum, vol. 1989, no. 1, 1989, Article 8.

5. Davis, Megan. \"Indigenous Struggles in Standard-Setting: The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.\" Melbourne Journal of International Law, vol. 7, 2016.

6. Grande, Sandy. Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004.

This of course is easier said than done as currently most ethnic and sub-ethnic groups are simply seeking recognition and voice of their own identity, one that was subverted by the British colonial dictates of an organized and orderly nation, able to be easily run from just a few regional seats.
Higazi notes that in central Nigeria another example of an age old social and political tradition previously serving to ensure the safety of the people from crime, especially in rural areas has now shifted its focus to ethnic and religious difference as a source of vigilante and militia behavior. Though the vigilante and militia forces in central Nigeria have historically served a fundamentally useful purpose of keeping people safe they are now seen to be factionalizing (since about 2001) to deal with issues traditionally not in their area of interest.

In some places, forms of surveillance changed as vigilante groups…...

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Reference List

Aihiokhai, Simonmary Asese. 2010. "Penticostalism and Poltical Empowerment: The Nigerian Phenomenon." Journal of Ecumenical Studies 45, no. 2: 249-264. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 23, 2011).

Akanji, Olajide O. 2009. "Group Rights and Conflicts in Africa: A Critical Reflection on Ife-Modakeke, Nigeria." International Journal on Minority & Group Rights 16, no. 1: 31-51. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 23, 2011).

Casey, Conerly. 2008. "Marginal Muslims": Politics and the Perceptual Bounds of Islamic Authenticity in Northern Nigeria." Africa Today 54, no. 3: 67. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 23, 2011).

Higazi, Adam. 2008. "Social Mobilization and Collective Violence: Vigilantes and Militias in the Lowlands of Plateau State, Central Nigeria." Africa 78, no. 1: 107-135. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 23, 2011).

374). It has been assumed that despite these internal cultural differences, overarching political similarities, shared history, or an interest in national diversity would be enough to unite the Canadian people under a single identity.
However, Kymlicka's (2003) close examination of the national and international has illustrated that they are largely shared by most modern, Western nations. Any presumed Canadian uniqueness is largely mythical (p. 368). Of course, mythology can be exceedingly unifying, and there is certainly an interest in Canada of perpetuating the dominant national myths of identity: Canadians as good global citizens, as part of the Western tradition, as a young modern nations, and as distinctly non-American. These national characteristics are generally championed as core parts of a unified Canadian identity, despite their largely exaggerated characteristics and despite the fact that these values do not necessarily unify the myriad subcultural groups within the nation. Aboriginal groups will probably always…...

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References

Kymlicka, W. (2003). Being Canadian. Government and Opposition, 38(3), pp. 357-385.

Immigrant Labor and Identity Politics
This article discusses the passage of Proposition 187 by California voters, and the ramifications this clearly racial legislation has for the country, and for minorities in the country. The article talks about what Hispanics and other minorities could have lost with the legislation, and what types of people supported the Proposition. In addition, the author notes how politicians reacted to the legislation, and how it played into the hands of some racist politicians and organizations. In addition, the author notes how historically, minorities have suffered at the hands of white aggressors, and how this continues in the present day. The author notes that many ethnic groups are banding together to form cohesive units to fight oppression and racism. As the author writes, "Political struggle, social analysis, and social theory are mutually constitutive; each is better when linked to the other" (68). This article not only discusses…...

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References

Immigrant Labor and Identity Politics."

Gone Too FarBola Agbaje\\\'s play \\\"Gone Too Far!\\\" is a title that encapsulates the essence of the narrative while subtly hinting at the underlying themes of racial and ethnic tension. The title can be interpreted as a reflection of the point at which societal and personal conflicts, arising from racial and ethnic differences, have escalated beyond a manageable level. It suggests a moment of critical confrontation where underlying issues can no longer be ignored or suppressed.The play is set in a multicultural London neighborhood and looks at some of the complexities and intersections of identity and culture. It also looks at conflict among a group of young people. The characters Nigerian brothers Yemi and Ikudayisi have to make their way in a world where their African heritage and British upbringing clash. This is what leads to some humorous moments as well as some that are filled with tension. The title…...

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ReferencesAgbaje, B. (2021). Gone too far!. Bloomsbury Publishing.

To resolve these problems the researcher will seek to gather evidence from as large a population sample as possible using randomized selection to help eliminate bias when observing nursing student testimonials.
Exit Plans and Ethical Considerations

To exit the field gracefully and to close out individual interviews, the researcher will ask study participants to fill out a review form. This form will allow students the opportunity to rate the study and the examiner participating in the study. The students will have an opportunity to reflect on their experiences, allowing them the "benefit of the doubt" and ample consideration before the researcher exits the student environment. The researcher may also offer students an opportunity to identify whether they desire copies of the results sent to them, which will often appease students that are hesitant to participate in the study. The researcher in doing so will appear more confident and confident when interacting…...

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Reference:

Finlay, L. (1995). Applying phenomenology in research: problems, principles and practice. The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(1): 299-304

Aspects of identity that might have been denied or denigrated because of colonial mentalities can resurface and be admired. Discourse on gender and social class has also deepened and enabled identity constructions to flourish outside the confines of proscribed gender roles. Culture changes, and so too does identity. The values placed on identity aspects like religion have shifted too, making religion a less salient part of people's identity. On the other hand, sexual orientation and gender identity have both become more important. Gender roles have changed to such a great degree as to transform the definition and meaning of family, love, or sex.
Therefore, a number of issues affect the way we understand and create identities. Academia reflects broader changes in social values and norms. In some cases, academia inspires those social and political transformations. Regardless of the directions of the relationship between academia and social values, the two interact…...

This also helps indicate the U.S. is indeed a nation and a nation with conflicting goals and ideals for many.
It is interesting that Heywood notes that in nations, there is a growing trend against nationalism and socialism toward religious fundamentalism. This is very clear in the Middle East, but it also seems to be taking place in the U.S. Just last week the national news reported there are a group of disgruntled Republicans who do not like the way the party is becoming more "liberal," and want to form a third, ultra-conservative, Christian Republican party. This seems to fly in the face of the Constitution, which clearly separates church and state, but it also seems to be a natural progression in nationalism as Heywood sees it.

Thus, the United States is indeed a nation; it fits the definition of several forms of nationalism that Heywood discusses. Just like states, I…...

Identity and racial politics in Europa (1990)
Europa Europa (1990) is the tale of a young German-Jewish boy named Solek who undergoes a series of identity transformations in his efforts to escape the Holocaust. At the beginning of the film, Solek and his family live in Nazi Germany. They decide to flee, first to Poland, and then as it becomes increasingly clear that not even Poland is a safe place, the boys' parents send their sons to the Soviet Union. The U.S.S.R. is ironically a 'safe' place for their children because at least they will not be persecuted as Jews. Solek is separated from his brother and when found by the Nazis in a Soviet orphanage he pretends that he is a German Latvian named Josef Peters. The Nazis adopt him and find him useful, thanks to his fluent German and Russian. Thus, during the period of identity definition of most…...

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Work Cited

Europa Europa. Directed by Agnieska Holland, 1990

Obama famously referred to his white grandmother during the campaign who tragically passed away the night before he was elected, as a woman of tolerance, yet who still was subject to the prejudices of society enough to feel uncomfortable when she saw an African-American walking across the street. Although this remark was criticized, Obama's point was that in America, race was inescapable, and prejudice must be dealt with through voicing concerns, rather than pretending racial divides did not exist. At times, America's unspoken discourse about race seemed to harm Obama, as in his difficulty wresting the nomination from Clinton in states like Pennsylvania, states with large, older, white working-class populations. But the desire for change and the ability to cross barriers and humanize himself seemed to counteract this: The Obama generation "has been knocked for putting all of their personal stuff on full display...But there is an upside, too,…...

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Works Cited

Aistrup, Joseph a. The Southern Strategy Revisited. Louisville: University Press of Kentucky,

Cave, Damien. "Generation O Gets its Hopes Up." The New York Times Magazine. November 7, 2008. December 3, 2008.  http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/fashion/09boomers.html?scp=10&sq=presidential%20election&st=cse 

Harwood, John. "The Fault Line that Haunts Democrats." The New York Times. May 4, 2008.  http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/04/weekinreview/04harwood.html?scp=5&sq=race%20election&st=cse 

Kendall, Diana. Sociology in Our Times. 6th edition. New York: Wadsworth, 2007.

Tribalism on Both Sides Introduction
On both sides of the political aisle, the problem of tribalism has emerged. Tribalism is a kind of loyalty to one’s own tribe or group, based not so much on ideas and issues as it is on the feeling that the opposition must be united against—i.e., it is my-team-vs.-their-team mentality. Rather than being able to argue logically and unemotionally, tribalism in politics occurs when one side feels it can and should do anything to promote its side over the other. A case in point is the recent hearing of Brett Kavanaugh for the Supreme Court. The Democrats displayed tribalism from the very beginning, promising to do whatever it took to oppose the nomination. Republicans for the most part struck back, vowing to do oppose the opposition of the Democrats. As Ornstein (2014) notes, the problem in Washington is, clearly and simply, tribalism. It is what prevents true…...

politics of memory, and the politicization of memory, with particular reference to Chile and the human rights violations inflicted upon the population by the Pinochet regime.
What memories are present in Chilean society? In 1973, Chile witnessed a political coup, with President Salvador Allende's left government being overthrown by the military dictatorship of General Pinochet. Following this coup, Pinochet made it his mission in life to eradicate 'leftist' thinking, to rid society of the evils of this thinking, by killing political opponents, by torturing people thought to be of a leftist persuasion, by forcing leftists thinkers into exile (Angell, 2000; rook, 2000). Thousands upon thousands of people 'disappeared' in Chile during the Pinochet regime. This situation brings about many memories, all of which are painful. For those on the left, there are the memories of the people who were killed, memories of the torture, memories of their family members forced…...

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Bibliography

Paul Brook, Non-Democratic Regimes: Theory, Government and Politics (new York: St. Martin's Press, 2000) Chapter 1: Theories of Non-Democratic Government.

Pamela Constable and Arturo Valenzuela, A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet. (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1991). Chapter 1: The War, Chapter 6: The Culture of Fear.

Patricio Silva, "Collective Memories, Fears, and Consensus: the Political Psychology of the Chilean Democratic Transition," in Kees Koonings and Dirk Kruijt, eds. Societies of Fear: The Legacy of Civil War, Violence and Terror in Latina America. London. Zed Books, 1999.

Felipe Aguero, "Chile: Unfinished Transition and Increased Political Competition" in Jorge Dominguez and Michael Shifter, Eds. Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America. Second edition. Baltimore. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. (only pp.292-303)

Identity
When Brian Graetz began to write about class and inequality, he opened his work by quoting: "Australia is the most egalitarian of countries..." (153) As it turns out, this claim does not say much in the absolute sense, for Graetz (like others before and after him) continues on to prove vast and terrible inequalities in Australia's capitalist system. It appears that, popular opinion non-withstanding, there exists in Australia a strong and self-reproducing class system, by which the accident of birth may dictate the entire future of a man or woman. Unfortunately, academics do not appear to be entirely certain as to how this system is comprised, or by what function it reproduces. It appears that the class system somewhat resembles the ancient conception of wind -- that which is all about us, and moves us, and yet cannot be pinned down, captured, or dissected. Social scientists from Marx to…...

But the real world was a whole and perfect entity." (Philosophy Is a Way of Life)
The theory of dualism and its implications in term ethics and politics can be derived from the following concise but insightful analysis.

A dualistic view of reality understands there to be two (thus dualism) levels of existence. The top level... is ultimate reality, and consists of ideas, such as truth, beauty, goodness, justice, perfection. In other words, the ultimate reality is non-corporeal, or non-physical. It is the level of spirit and deity. The lower level is the physical world which in which we live. It is the opposite of ultimate reality, thus it is not real in the sense that it is not ultimate. It contains the imperfect physical manifestations of the ideas that exist in the perfect plane, so by definition it is characterized by falsehood, ugliness, evil, injustice, imperfection.

Bratcher D.)

Note that the separation…...

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References

Allen DG. (2006) Whiteness and difference in nursing. Nurs Philos. 7(2):65-78. Bratcher D. Body and Soul. Greek and Hebraic Tensions in Scripture: Thoughts on the Di-/Trichotomous Debate. Retrieved July 19, 2008, at http://www.cresourcei.org/bodysoul.html

Chadwick, Henry. (1984) Early Christian Thought and the Classical Tradition:

Studies in Justin, Clement, and Origen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Engebretson, Joan.(2002) Hands-on: The persistent metaphor in nursing.

This construction gave credence to the concept of class consciousness. Class consciousness is really class identity; it is the way entire groups of people conceive themselves as belonging to a whole. This understanding permeates the corpus and unites the initiated into a common group think. This group or class view is reinforced through the economic determinants that are at the foundation of the group's position. These determinants reinforce inequalities and class identities.
The challenge to class as a locus of identity formation; results from the assertion that contemporary society is too layered and complex for class identity to be relevant. The discussion centers not on the existence of inequalities but the explanation of those inequalities. In the postmodern context the inequalities that exist are not anchored in an a priori formulation of class structure. This formulation considers the development of a classless society. This is not to be interpreted as…...

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References

Becker H.S. (2003).The Politics of Presentation: Goffman and Total Institutions Symbolic

Interaction, 26 (4):659-669.

Bottero, W. (2004). Class Identities and the Identity of Class. Sociology 38 (5): 985-1003.

Burnhill, P., Garner, C., McPherson, a. (1990). Parental Education, Social Class and Entry to Higher Education 1976-86. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series a (Statistics

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At the crux of political theory lies the intricate interplay between authority and power, a dynamic relationship that has sparked debates and shaped paradigms for centuries. This essay delves into the multifaceted concept of legitimacy, interrogating the foundations of authority and the boundaries of power. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary perspectives, we will explore the challenges and complexities of legitimizing power, the tensions between various sources of authority, and the implications for political practice and social justice.

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2. Personal identity and how it shapes our relationships with others
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4. Gender identity and its impact on societal expectations
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6. Identity formation in adolescence and its long-term effects
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8. Identity crisis and the struggle to find oneself
9. Cultural identity and the preservation of heritage
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