ICD: History And evision
History of the ICD - how far back does it go?

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and elated Health Problems (ICD-10) was created initially by the United Nations and then used by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a method of coding diseases in a comprehensive and comprehensible manner for international health organizations. The fundamental principles behind the ICD are as old as the World Health Organization itself.

The current ICD-10 began being used by WHO Member States in 1994. However, the desire to create an international classification system for diseases is actually far older. ICD-10 is "the latest in a series which has its origins in the 1850s. The first edition, known as the International List of Causes of Death, was adopted by the International Statistical Institute in 1893. WHO took over the responsibility for the ICD at its creation in 1948 when the Sixth evision, which…...

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References

AIDS in Africa. (2011).Global Issues. Retrieved July 30, 2011 at  http://www.globalissues.org/article/90/aids-in-africa 

Healthcare spending. (2011). UC Atlas of Inequality. Retrieved July 30, 2011 at http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/spend.php

History of the development of the ICD. (2011). World Health Organization (WHO).

Retrieved July 30, 2011 at Retrieved July 30, 2011 at  http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ HistoryOfICD.pdf

Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced in January that ICD- 10-CM will be implemented into the HIPAA mandated code set on Oct. 1, 2013.
Introduction to the new structure of ICD manual o Statistics

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a program that is designed in order to record statistics of morbidity and mortality and for the indexing of hospital records of disease.

ICD is published by the World Health Organization (WHO).

It has always been statistically difficult to categorize diseases according to any one specific category since different professions that work with diseases have traditionally classified them according to different categories. The pathologist, for instance, is primarily interested in the natural course of the disease process, whilst the anatomist may prefer to have a classification that groups the disease according to the effected part of the body. The statistical classification of disease and injuries depends upon how the practitioner will use…...

Clinical Staff of Nightingale Home Care Inc.
There will be significant changes within the organization as we embrace changes set by the American Medical Association. As N's and LVN's, we are responsible for adapting to the internal policy changes that are required as a result of the introduction to ICD-10 beginning in October of 2015. The ICD-10 has a new set of diagnostic codes that will replace the ICD-9 codes in "medical diagnoses and inpatient procedures" (Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2015). Many believed that the ICD-9 codes were outdated and limited how health care staff could describe and interpret health care data regarding diagnoses and inpatient procedures (Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2015). As such, this new system provides room for greater specification that will help streamline inpatient procedures within the facility.

Nightingale Home Care Inc. will be affected in a number of ways based on its structure…...

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References

American Medical Association. (2015). ICD-10 Diagnosis Code Set. Physician Resources. Web.  http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions-managing-your-practice/coding-billing-insurance/hipaahealth-insurance-portability-accountability-act/transaction-code-set-standards/icd10-code-set.page ?

Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2015). The ICD-10 Transition: An Introduction. eHealth University. Web.  https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/Downloads/ICD10Introduction20140819.pdf 

Medicaid. (2015). ICD-10 Changes from ICD-9. Data and Systems. Web. https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid-chip-program-information/by-topics/data-and-systems/icd-coding/icd-10-changes-from-icd-9.html

Advanced Nursing Practice
Advance Nursing Practice

Ignoring symptoms that are clearly indicative of something wrong is a bad idea. The idea becomes even more ill-advise as the symptoms become more and more prominent and/or numerous in nature. While chronic diseases and other disorders take time to do their work, waiting until they become unbearable is something that should never occur as the chances of an optimal outcome are not nearly as good as they could or should be. Further, become the opposite of a hypochondriac and avoiding the diagnosis and care of a doctor is also less than wise. For example, a person might think they have cancer when instead they just need a little modest medical care and lifestyle changes to their health back on track. Indeed, it would seem that precisely that is going on with the patient described and diagnosed below.

Patient Initials: Not Known Age: 60 Years Old Gender:…...

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References

CMS. "ICD-9 Code Lookup." ICD-9 Code Lookup. N.p., 20 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. .

E-Medicine. "Enlarged Prostate Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - Enlarged Prostate Treatment - eMedicineHealth." eMedicineHealth. N.p., 20 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. .

Mayo. "Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)." Prostate gland enlargement Treatments and drugs. N.p., 20 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. .

NYT. "Enlarged Prostate." New York Times. N.p., 20 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. .

Transition to ICD-10-CM/PCS
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used by health organizations globally to track disease incidence and prevalence (WHO, 2012). ICD is also used in some countries to manage healthcare reimbursement and resource allocation, including the United States. The ICD has undergone periodic revisions to keep abreast of the constantly changing health conditions of populations, advances is detection and treatment of diseases, and the healthcare management needs of countries. In the United States, the current version, ICD-9, is scheduled to be replaced by ICD-10 on October 1, 2013 (CMS, 2010). In May 1990, ICD-10 was endorsed by the 43rd World Health Assembly and began to be implemented in member states as early as 1994 (WHO, 2012). The next revision, ICD-11, is currently being prepared and will probably be ready for endorsement by 2015.

Purpose of ICD-10-CM/PCS

In the United States, the ICD-10 nomenclature is appended with -CM/PCS, which stands for…...

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References

CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services). (2010). The ICD-10 transition: An introduction. CMS.gov. Retrieved 5 Sep. 2012 from  https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/downloads/ICD-10Overview.pdf .

Sanders, Tekla, B., Bowens, Felicia M., Pierce, William, Stasher-Booker, Thompson, Erica Q., and Jones, Warren A. (2012). The road to ICD-10-CM/PCS implementation: Forecasting the transition for providers, payers, and other healthcare organizations. Perspectives in Health Information Management, Winter 2012. Retrieved 5 Sep. 2012 from  http://perspectives.ahima.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=235:the-road-to-icd-10-cmpcs-implementation-forecasting-the-transition-for-providers-payers-and-other-healthcare-organizations&catid=45:icd-9icd-10&Itemid=93 .

WHO (World Health Organization). (2012). Classifications: International Classification of Diseases (ICD). WHO.Int. Retrieved 5 Sep. 2012 from  http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ .

Family Practice Spec. ICD Codes
Much of the treatment scope associated with the specialty family practice revolves around prevention. In other words the family practice provider often sees individuals when they are not ill at all but need health care access to determine normal values and a general state of health for developmental purposes in children and sometimes for school or vocational reasons in adults. Family practice often sees multiple minor injuries as well. Family Practice can also manage as a primary care provider many chronic conditions or disorders with or without intervention of a specialist, such as diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart diseases of various kinds and most minor infections. Below is a list of just a few diagnostic codes for some of these commonly seen disorders and/or cases seen in the family practice specialty.

outine Physicals exams for Adults

outine general medical examination at a health care…...

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Resources

Endres, Chris "Free online searchable ICD9 Codes," retrieved November 25, 2011 at  http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/ 

Taylor, R.B. (2002) Manual of family practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

culture and the working environment. Are workplace cultures determined by the individuals who work there, or do workplaces have their own cultures that exist separately from the people who work there? Please include examples to support your stance using 1-2 outside sources.
It is likely that most people have worked in organizations where the conditions were toxic because of interpersonal problems, a noisy environment, chaotic work loads or most especially poor management practices. Likewise, some of the more fortunate have likely experienced the complete opposite where going to work every day was a pleasure (Darbyshire, 2010). In any event, the workplace culture that is in place can make the difference between being motivated by stressors and being burned out. Although top management sets the tone of the workplace culture, it is the people who actually work there who create and sustain the day-to-day culture. Therefore, over time, the workplace culture…...

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References

Darbyshire, P. (2010, August-October). Wonderful workplace or woeful workhouse? Start creating a more positive workplace culture today. Contemporary Nurse: a Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 36(1/2), 6-7.

ICD-9-CM. (2015). U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from nih.gov/research/umls/sourcereleasedocs/current/ICD9CM/.https://www.nlm.

Lezoni, L. I. & Greenberg, M. S. (2007, Spring). Capturing and classifying functional status information in administrative databases. Health Care Financing Review, 24(3), 61-64.

Lincoln, P. & Owen, J. W. (2015, September). Workplace culture that promotes health and well-being for all: An imperative for health care managers and others. Perspectives in Public Health, 135(5), 220-225.

Coding Case1. The potential ICD-10 codes for this case may include: N76.0 Acute vaginitis N76.1 Subacute and chronic vaginitis N39.0 Urinary tract infection, site not specified Z30.09 Encounter for initial prescription of other contraceptives Z87.891 Personal history of appendectomy Z83.41 Family history of diabetes mellitus2. When a patient seeks care at a clinic or medical practice, the provider will typically document the patient's medical history, including any previous visits or encounters. This medical record serves as a repository of information about the patient's health and care, including diagnoses, treatments, medications, and other relevant information. When a patient returns to the clinic or medical practice for follow-up care, the provider can review the patient's medical record to see what has been documented previously. If the patient has been seen at the clinic before, the provider can use this information to guide their evaluation and management of the patient. The provider can…...

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References

Bajowala, S. S., Milosch, J., & Bansal, C. (2020). Telemedicine pays: billing and coding update. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 20, 1-9.

Huang, E. Y., Knight, S., Guetter, C. R., Davis, C. H., Moller, M., Slama, E., & Crandall, M. (2019). Telemedicine and telementoring in the surgical specialties: a narrative review. The American Journal of Surgery, 218(4), 760-766.

The authors state, "underlying mechanism through which exposure to childhood abuse is associated with increased risk of panic cannot be determined based on these data alone" (p. 888). They offer several possible explanations. Exposure to abuse as a child may result in an extreme and realistic fear of threat to survival. This may be how panic disorder starts. Later, it may persist, or recur spontaneously, even without abusive conditions. In the face of a real life threat, panic is not pathological, but in childhood panic may make the child more vulnerable to panic later. Exposure to abuse may lead to biochemical changes that increase the risk of a disorder. Because the study was based on interviews with 18 to 21-year-olds, who were asked to recall past experiences, the findings could be contaminated by recall bias in which young people with mental instability might be more likely to report abuse…...

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References

Bandelow, B., Sojka, F. et al. (2006). Panic disorder during pregnancy and postpartum period. European Psychiatry, 21, 495-500.

Biederman, J., Petty, C., Faraone, S.V. et al. (2006). Effects of parental anxiety disorders in children at high risk for panic disorder: A controlled study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 94, 191-197.

Goodwin, R.D., Fergusson, D.M. And Horwood, L.J. (2004). Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 35, 881-890.

Warren, S.L., Racu, C., Gregg, V. And Simmens, S.J. (2006). Maternal panic disorder: Infant prematurity and low birth weight. Anxiety Disorders, 20, 342-352.

So, they have the best chance of isolating the underlying cause from the non-underlying causes. They are well-versed in the structure and classification of the ICD-9 codes as well and this helps them to better report the mortality.
Another reason is ANPs have the independence to handle their case load and they are able to better understand the patient's health problems. This gives them a close interaction with the patient and a better understanding of the case history helps them to diagnose ICD-9 codes better. They also get an opportunity to interact with the family members of the patients and this can sometimes help to identify the right causes. These are some of the reasons why ANPs are better-suited to diagnose ICD-9 codes so that it can help the family to claim any reimbursements.

How do ANPs decide the best diagnosis?

ANPs work closely with the patients to diagnose and treat their…...

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References

DeLaune, Sue C.; Ladner, Patricia K. (2002). Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice.

Publication: Albany, NY Thomson Delmar Learning.

Groenwald, Susan L. (1997). Cancer Nursing: Principles and Practice

Publication: Boston Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Inc.

Family of International Classifications
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a system of disease classification adopted by orld Health Organization members. The ICD, now in its tenth revision, was adopted in 1967. The HO Nomenclature Regulations require the use of ICD in its most current revision to report mortality and morbidity statistics by all Member States (orld Health Organization, 2011).

The ICD is the international standard diagnostic classification for all general epidemiological use; it is also used for many health management purposes as well as clinical use. These uses include the analysis of the general health situation of population groups along with the monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases and other health problems, as they relate to other variables including the characteristics and circumstances of the individuals affected, resource allocation and so forth (orld Health Organization, 2011).

The ICD is used to classify diseases and other health problems that…...

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Works Cited

World Health Organization. (2011). ICD-10 Version: 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2011 from:  http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/X 

World Health Organization. (2011). International classification of diseases (ICD). Retrieved December 8, 2011 from:  http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ 

World Health Organization. (2011). International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). Retrieved December 8, 2011 from:  http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/ 

World Health Organization. (2011). International classification of health interventions (ICHI). Retrieved December 8, 2011 from:  http://www.who.int/classifications/ichi/en/

Healthcare Standards
there are three parts. PAT A EQUIES 4 DIFFEENT ANSWES

Standard: ICD-10-PCS

"ICD-10-PCS is intended to replace ICD-9 volume 3 for facility reporting of inpatient procedures….ICD-10-PCS is a totally new coding system designed to better accommodate the rapidly changing world of procedures. The code system was developed in the 1990s, but use of the continually updated codes will start almost 20 years later." (Dimick 2011). This new standard is supposed to be more accurate and reflective of current healthcare realities than standards of the past, but it is uncertain if in its implementation this promise will be realized.

Current status of implementation

This standard has yet to be fully implemented. "On October 1, 2013, healthcare providers must begin reporting HIPAA claims using the ICD-10 counterparts to the current ICD-9 code sets" and full implementation will be a 20-year process (Dimick 2011).

Three major issues related to implementation status

Little research exists regarding its ease of…...

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References

About ASC X12. (2013). ASC X12. Retrieved:  http://www.x12.org/about/index.cfm 

Dimick, Chris. (2011). Learning and using ICD-10-PCS. Journal of AHIMA. Retrieved:

 http://journal.ahima.org/2011/02/09/learning-and-using-icd-10-pcs/ 

Health Level 7 International. (2013). HL7. Retrieved:  http://www.hl7.org/implement/index.cfm

A level of 126 mg/dL or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means that you have diabetes.
An oral glucose tolerance test measures your blood glucose after you have gone at least 8 hours without eating and 2 hours after you drink a glucose-containing beverage. This test can be used to diagnose diabetes or pre-diabetes. OGTT is more sensitive than the FPG test for diagnosing pre-diabetes, but it is less convenient to administer. The OGTT requires you to fast for at least 8 hours before the test. Your plasma glucose is measured immediately before and 2 hours after you drink a liquid containing 75 grams of glucose dissolved in water.

If your blood glucose level is between 140 and 199 mg/dL 2 hours after drinking the liquid, you have a form of pre-diabetes called impaired glucose tolerance or IGT, meaning that you are more likely to develop type…...

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Works Cited

Braunald, Eugene., Fauci, Anthony S., Kasper, Dennis L., Hauser, Stephen L., Longo, Dan L., Jameson, J. Larry. 2001. Harrison's Principle of Internal Medicine, 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division.

The Merck Manual (16th ed.). (1995). Portland, Oregon: Merck & Co., Inc.

Each standardized nursing language is designed for use in a number of clinical settings, including home care, ambulatory care, and inpatient treatment, with certain languages providing decided advantages within particular circumstances. Although it is true that "improved communication with other nurses, health care professionals, and administrators of the institutions in which nurses work is a key benefit of using a standardized nursing language" (utherford, 2008), the proliferation of several nursing languages throughout the years has inevitably resulted in discrepancies, wherein the personal preferences of nurses, the policy of a hospital's corporate ownership, or other factors determine when, where, and why a specific language is used.
To address the growing concern over the inability of nurse's to communicate through a single standardized language system, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) commissioned a comprehensive study which resulted in the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) being selected as the most advantageous option.…...

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References

Cho, I., & Park, H. (2006). Evaluation of the expressiveness of an ICNP-based nursing data dictionary in a computerized nursing record system. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13(4), 456-464. Retrieved from http://171.67.114.118/content/13/4/456.full

Rutherford, M. (2008). Standardized nursing language: What does it mean for nursing practice?. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13(1), 57-69. Retrieved from   ealth-it/StandardizedNursingLanguage.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursing/H 

Advance Nursing Practice
In order to sustain life, the human body has to have oxygen. When a person cannot breathe, or there is not enough oxygen coming into the body through the act of breathing, it is not possible for life to continue. The respiratory system is what provides the person with the opportunity to breathe and take in oxygen. Carbon dioxide is also expelled that same way. If oxygen is not received, the brain cells will start dying, followed by other cells, organs, and tissues. Addressed here is a case study dealing with the respiratory system, conditions it may face, and how those issues can be treated.

Patient Initials: Unknown Age: 65 yo Sex: Female

Subjective Data:

Client Complaints: The patient complains of a dry cough that is rarely productive. She has had the cough for two weeks, and for the last two days has also been running a low grade fever (up…...

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References

American Lung Association (2014). COPD: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Retrieved from  http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/copd/about-copd/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment.html 

Buttaro, T.M., Trybulski, J., Baily, P.P., & Sandburg-Cook, J. (2013). Primary care: A collaborative practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby.

Cenzon, M. (2014). Emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Retrieved from  http://www.symptomfind.com/health/emphysema-chronic-bronchitis/ 

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014). Oral thrush. Retrieved from  http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/basics/basics/definition/con-20022381?_ga=1.193450093.1798610931.1412555487

Key Principles of Diagnostic Coding for Healthcare Professionals

Accuracy and Specificity:

Diagnostic codes must accurately represent the patient's condition and be as specific as possible. This ensures correct diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and accurate reimbursement.

Completeness:

Coding should capture all relevant diagnoses, procedures, and other information necessary to fully describe the patient's condition. Incomplete or inaccurate coding can lead to improper care and inadequate reimbursement.

Timeliness:

Codes should be assigned and submitted in a timely manner to expedite billing, patient management, and quality reporting.

Consistency:

Coding professionals must adhere to established coding guidelines and conventions to ensure uniformity and consistency in code assignment.

Privacy and Security:

Diagnostic codes contain sensitive patient....