The information comprises of the life styles, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and usage of medicine, weight and history of dieting, gynecologic history, psychological factors, and social background. Among all such factors the study revealed that the hypertension and the use of diuretics were crucial risk factors for hysterectomy which are found prevalent among the educated women and women having weight fluctuations. The study thus concluded that the history of hypertension, weight cycling, and absence or less of education are inextricably related to constitute the risk elements for pre-menopausal hysterectomy. Hypertension is regarded as a plausible biological factor of menorrhagia and a cause for hysterectomy. (Settnes; Jorgensen, 1998)
Not withstanding the clinical indications, the rate of hysterectomy varies in accordance with the personal or demographic characteristics of women. The studies, however, depicts inconsistency on the influence of the race, education, and socio-economic status of the patient on hysterectomy. Some of the studies…...
mlaReferences
Depression in Women" Retrieved at Accessed 5 November, 2005http://www.cchs.net/health/health-info/docs/2300/2364.asp?index=9308.
Hysterectomy" New York State: Department of Health. Retrieved at Accessed 4 November, 2005http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/consumer/women/hyster.htm .
Lee, Chung-won; Toney, Michael B; Berry, Edna H. "Non-clinical risk factors of hysterectomy" The 130th Annual Meeting of APHA. Retrieved at Accessed 5 November, 2005http://apha.confex.com/apha/130am/techprogram/paper_47155.htm .
Osborn, M. F; Gath. DH (August, 1990) "Psychological and physical determinants of premenstrual symptoms before and after hysterectomy. Psychological Medicine. Vol: 20; No: 3; pp: 565-572
177).
I would like to discuss the complications resulting from this procedure as my mother has undergone this surgery and I have seen how a patient can suffer from numerous consequences. Hysterectomy can lead to many long-term complications which may include urinary problems, hormone imbalance, sexual issues, depression, adhesions and heart complications etc. For this reason, hysterectomy has often under attack. It is believed that this procedure is being performed far more commonly than needed and hence some critics are skeptic of the need to have this performed because in most cases, the problems are not very serious. "Many people question the fact that more than 650,000 hysterectomies are performed in the United States each year. Very few of these operations are performed because of a life-threatening situation, and it is likely that many of them are unnecessary. Per capita, half as many hysterectomies are performed in the Great Britain as…...
mlaReferences
Phyllis a. Balch. Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition. Avery Trade; 4 edition (October 19, 2006)
Stanley West MD, Paula Dranov. The Hysterectomy Hoax: The Truth About Why Many Hysterectomies Are Unnecessary and How to Avoid Them, 3rd Edition. Next Decade, Inc.; 3rd edition (April 1, 2002)
Adelaide Haas. The Woman's Guide to Hysterectomy: Expectations and Options Celestial Arts; Revised edition (September 1, 2004)
technology has revolutionized society: communication, transportation, commerce, and especially medicine. . Ironically, for centuries and still in Oriental Medicine, healthcare was and is tailored to the individual. Even the Greek Physician Hippocrates wrote that he prescribed sweet elixirs to some and astringents to others depending on their individual condition (Pray, 2008). 21st century medicine, though, is more about an individual person's genetic code, and is made possible by advances in genetic technology and engineering. This is partially due to the Human Genome Project, a massive program completed in 2003 that focused on the identification of the individual genes that make up human DNA with the overall hope that it would initiate genomic medicine -- healthcare delivered based on the individual's medical history and genetic profile (About the Human Genome Project, 2011). Traditionally, medicine diagnoses human illnesses based on quantitative and qualitative signs and symptoms. With the advent of genetic…...
mlaReferences
About the Human Genome Project. (2011, September 19). Human Genome Management Information Systems. Retrieved from: / Human_Genome/project/about.shtmlhttp://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources
Gattaca. (1997, March). Retrieved from International Movie Database: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119177/
Personalized Medicine - An Overview. (2011, January 11). Retrieved from: U.S. News Health report: http://health.usnews.com/health-conditions/cancer/personalized-medicine
Public Law 110-223. (2008). The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008. Retrieved from: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-110publ233/content-detail.html
1997].
Presence of regional and distant metastases alters the stage of the disease and for these patients, standard therapy is inadequate [KEYS et al. 2004]. With the diagnoses of endometrial adenocarcinoma it is most likely that the patient in question is at an early stage of disease. To have a better prognosis, further surgical diagnosis to achieve a FIGO stage is needed as that will allow doctors to ascertain the level of myometrial muscle invasion, histological type, and differentiation grade [AMANT et al. 2005]. If the patient is at a FIGO stage one, the five-year survival rate stands at 85%, with stage II standing at 75%, stage III at 45%, and stage IV at 25% [GRISBY et al. 1992]. Treatment should follow the established regimen of hysterectomy along with radiation therapy.
References
Amant, F. et al. 2005. Endometrial Cancer. ancet, 366, pp. 491-505.
Boulet, G.A.V., et al. 2008. Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer…...
mlaLazcano-Ponce, E. et al. 2008. Decreasing Cervical Cancer Mortality in Mexico: Effect of Papanicolaou Coverage, Birthrate, and the Importance of Diagnostic Validity of Cytology. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention, 17(10), pp. 2808-17.
Leitao Jr., M.M. et al. 2009. Comparison of D&C and office endometrial biopsy accuracy in patients with FIGO grade I endometrial adenocarcinoma. Gynecologic Oncology, 113(1), pp. 105-8.
Rubatt, J.M. et al. 2005. Development of metastatic endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma while on progestin therapy for endometrial hyperplasia. Gynecologic Oncology, 99, pp. 472-6.
O'Connor, Anahad. (June 22, 2004) "The Claim: Too Much Sleep Is Bad for You." The New York Times. Science & Health Section. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/22/health/22REAL.html
It's hard to believe, but this article councils the reader that getting more than seven hours of sleep may be hazardous to his or her health. "A 2002 study found that getting more than seven hours of sleep each night was associated with a shorter life span. Several studies since then, including one this year by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, also found a link," between poor health and getting more than seven hours of sleep a night.
Thus, the article makes vague reference to several studies pointing to such a correlation, but only provides specific information on one particular 2002 study. This "2002 study examined data on more than a million Americans over the age of 30 between 1982 and 1988." The article, however, does…...
mlaForecasts for the future of the advertising industry are looking up, according to the projected statistics compiled for this article. Unlike much of statistical analysis, this article is future looking rather than looking at the past. Because of the raise forecast estimates for 2004 yesterday the improving economy should result in an even more optimistic outlook in his first assessment of 2005.
Robert J. Coen reduced his prediction for ad spending growth in local media across the country, "citing softness in categories like retail and classifieds." But Mr. Coen, senior vice president and forecasting director at Universal McCann in New York, lifted his estimate for the growth of combined national and local ad spending in the United States to 7.3% this year compared with 2003. In December, he had forecast a gain of 6.9% in 2004.
Ad spending is considered to be an early economic predictor of consumer confidence in America. A "7.3% increase would be the largest since 2000, when American ad spending rose 11.3% from 1999." In contrast, advertising spending "fell 6.5% in 2001, the first decline since 1991 and the largest since 1938; it rebounded 2.4% in 2002 and 3.6% last year, and next year, ad spending in the United States should grow an additional 6.5% over 2004." However, for the layperson this article does not chronicle how total advertising revenue is compiled, and how this varies from industry to industry. Also, do not certain types of products advertise more, such as goods with low product differentiation that tend to be consumed by the proportion of the population, such as young people, whom are most apt to try new products and switch product alliances? This calls into question the ability for expenditures on advertising to predict overall economic success in the American economy as a whole.
Cancer in the Uterus: Endometrial CancerCancer in the Uterus: Endometrial CancerIntroductionCancer comes about when some cells within the body grow out of control. Cancer starting in the uterus is referred to as uterine cancer. There are two categories of uterine cancer: endometrial cancer, the most common cancer of the uterus, and uterine sarcoma, a rare kind of uterine cancer found in the muscles of other uterine tissues. Every woman is at risk of uterine, provided they have a uterus. The risk, however, increases with age and is most common among women who have undergone or are going through menopause2.Endometrial CancerIt is the most common type, and it starts in the womb. This type of cancer starts forming in the layer of cells forming the uterine lining, also called the endometrium. Sometimes, endometrial cancer is called uterine cancer since its the most common. Often, it is detected at its early stages…...
mlaReferencesAmant F, Moerman P, Neven P, Timmerman D, Van Limbergen E, Vergote I. Endometrial cancer. The Lancet. 2005 Aug 6; 366(9484):491-505.Arora V, Quinn MA. Endometrial cancer. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2012 Jun 1; 26(3):311-24.Burke WM, Orr J, Leitao M, Salom E, Gehrig P, Olawaiye AB, Brewer M, Boruta D, Herzog TJ, Shahin FA, SGO Clinical Practice Endometrial Cancer Working Group. Endometrial cancer: a review and current management strategies: part II. Gynaecologic oncology. 2014 Aug 1; 134(2):393-402.Modugno F, Ness RB, Chen C, Weiss NS. Inflammation and endometrial cancer: a hypothesis. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 2005 Dec 1; 14(12):2840-7.Ryan AJ, Susil B, Jobling TW, Oehler MK. Endometrial cancer. Cell and tissue research. 2005 Oct; 322(1):53-61.
Another distinction central to the Black feminist's thoughts is the alienation she suffers due to the omission of her presence in history. This omission is not only found in traditional examples of history, but also in Eurocentric feminist views of history. The following quotation from Lorde in her letter to Daly shows the frustration and lack of understanding about the reason such an omission is propagated even among those of her same sex. "…why doesn't Mary deal with Afreket as an example? hy are her goddess-images only white, western-european, judeo-christian…here are the warrior-goddesses of the Vodun, the Dohomeian Amazons and the warrior-women of Dan…Mary has made a conscious decision to narrow her scope and to deal only with the ecology of western-european women (Lorde, 1979, p. 94)." The exclusion of African goddesses from Daly's text, which described the historical roots of women's power, is only a slight example of the…...
mlaWorks Cited
1. Carby, H. (1982) "White Woman Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood" in Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain. London: Hutchinson.
2. hooks, b. (1981) Aint I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End Press.
3. hooks, b. (1990) Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics. Boston: South End Press.
4. Lourde, A. (1981) "An Open Letter to Mary Daly" in Moraga C. And Azadula G. This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Colour. Watertown: Persephone Press.
Population of the City of Atlantis on March 30, 2003 = 183,000
of new active cases of TB occurring between January 1 and June 30, 2003 = 52
of active TB cases according to the city register on June 30, 2003 = 238
The incidence rate of active cases of TB for the 6-month period was: [ONE POINT]
per 100,000 population per 100,000 population per 100,000 population per 100,000 population
130 per 100,000 population
183,000 is 183% of 100,000, so the rate per 100,000 would be 52 divided by 1.84...or 28.
The prevalence of active TB as of June 30, 2003, was: [ONE POINT]
14 per 100,000 population
130 per 100,000 population
144 per 100,000 population
264 per 100,000 population
e. none of the above
B -- using the same math as above...except it's 238 / 1.84 -- 129.3
3. Which of the following is an advantage of active surveillance? [ONE POINT]
a. requires less project staff
b. is relatively inexpensive to employ
c. more accurate…...
Abortions, in addition to being moral and religious wrong, are wrong for the damage that they can cause the woman physically and the emotional scars. Emotionally at the time of the abortion, the feeling may be of relief from the unwanted child but later the feelings can change to depression or guilt. In later life, the abortion can haunt the person especially if she has more children and she has to think about the one she aborted. The feelings are there regarding would my child have had a brother or a sister. Ask any woman who has lost a child during or after childbirth and they will tell you. YOU NEVER FORGET.
A woman considering abortion should take a good long look at the medical complications that can be faced by an abortion. They can affect the health of a woman at the time of the abortion as well as later…...
mlaBibliography
Buzzle.com. (2010). "Anti-abortion arguments - Reasons against abortion." Retrieved on April
20, 2010 from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/antiabortion-arguments-reasons-against-abortion.html
Lifestyle.iloveindia.com. (2010). "Reasons against abortion." Retrieved on April
20, 2010 from http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/reasons-against-abortion-4507.html
A newer and easy test is the OSOM Vlue, which mixes a swabbed specimen from the vagina with a reagent. The test yields sialidase activity or presence in the vaginal fluid in 10 minutes. Sialidase is produced by V pathogens (Mashburn).
pH Level
The most reliable criterion for detecting V is a pH>4.5 (Mashburn, 2007). A normal pH should, therefore, rule out V. A pH >4.5 can also indicate trichomoniasis or muco-purulent cervicitis. Vaginal inflammation more strongly suggests trichomonas or muco-purulent cervicitis, in turn associated with gonorrhea or chlamydial trachomatis (Mashburn).
The patient's pH level is 6, indicating V.
Wet Smears
These are an inexpensive and relatively easy screening procedure for the most common sexually transmitted diseases, such as V (Iglesias, Alderman & Fox, 2000). The practitioner should be appropriately trained and experienced in using this procedure. Hence, the proper protocol and quality control are needed to insure accurate diagnosis. The wet smear is…...
mlaBIBLIOGRAPHY
Alfonsi, G.A.; Cshlay, J., and Parker, S. (2004). What is the best approach for managing
Recurrent bacterial vaginosis? Journal of Family Practice: Dowden Health Media,
Inc. Retrieved on July 7, 2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0689/is_8_53/ai_n6169486/?tag=content;col1
Brown, M (2007). Treating a case of bacterial vaginosis -- case study. Health and Republic News: Health Republic. Retrieved on July 12, 2009 from http://www.healthcarerepublic.com/res/clinical/article/572868/treating-case-bacterial-vaginosis
Beatie did not accept biological determinism as the means by which to do gender. On the other hand, Beatie transcends gender altogether. By rejecting and then changing his genitalia and physique, Thomas Beatie passed through his life as a male and was legally and socially identified as such. He married a woman and most of the people he interacted with treated Beatie like they would any other man. When Beatie chose to become pregnant, he further stretched the boundaries between male and female. Beatie both subverts and ascribes to traditional gender roles and norms. Pregnancy is a female domain; had Beatie been born with male reproductive organs he would not have been able to experience childbirth. He and his wife would have been forced to adopt a child or choose a surrogate mother. Yet the fact that Beatie states, "I see myself as my own surrogate" shows that a…...
mlaReferences
Beatie, T. (2008). Labor of love. The Advocate. Mar 26, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2009 from http://www.advocate.com/exclusive_detail_ektid52947.asp?page=2
Lorber, J. "Night to his day": The social construction of gender.
West, C. & Zimmerman, DH Doing gender.
hat produces value in managed care is a good health outcome rather than medical intervention. Not every visit to a doctor is necessary; nor is every test conducted, every medication prescribed, or every placement in an intensive care unit going to produce an effective outcome. Ideally, medicine should be ruled by rationality and efficiency in the choice and implementation of evaluations and treatments. This means that the variability between providers not only should be but can be eliminated, and the only factors that should make a difference in deciding who to treat and what treatment to undertake is the nature of the patient's disease or injury (Birenbaum, 14)."
hat these opposing views tell the insured, the uninsured, and those of us who rely on the expertise and ethical practices in an industry that has our very lives in their hands, is that they're not making decisions in our best interest -…...
mlaWorks Cited
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=78592345
Beck, Christina S., Sandra L. Ragan, and Athena DuPrae. Partnership for Health: Building Relationships between Women and Health Caregivers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997. Questia. 23 Mar. 2009 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=78592347 .
A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=27467039
Birenbaum, Arnold. Managed Care: Made in America. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1997. Questia. 23 Mar. 2009 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=27467039 .
The fourth person I will see in heaven is Lisa. Lisa is the owner of my son's daycare. She is a vision of courage and strength because she recently discovered that she has cancer at the young age of 27. While this is devastating enough, she must face the fact that a hysterectomy lies in her future - a future without children which is something she wants so badly. Despite this news, she continues to live her life and if worse comes to worse, she will adopt. In addition to this strength, she also accepts people as they are. When I encountered difficulty finding a daycare that would accept a child with a cleft palate, Lisa had no problems with this at all. She had no experience but was willing to learn. My son started attending that daycare when he was 10 months old, now he is 3 years old,…...
There are two constant irritations in U.S. pharma companies' relationships internationally:
Some developing nations, such as India, razil and South Africa, are chipping away at the patent situation, trying to shorten the time until the drugs can be brought out in generic form.
The U.S. has supported high prices as the cost for innovation. Since other countries are not playing along, this means that their citizens are benefiting from the innovation paid by Americans.
Conclusion
ig Pharma is at a crossroads today. The previous "great" chronic diseases, like diabetes, heart disease, infectious disease (viral and bacterial) have now been tackled by "blockbuster" drugs.
The high regulatory pressures, price pressures and lack of future such blockbuster markets dictates that pharma companies will have to innovate a lot more in niches -- more products, smaller markets. The large pharma companies which grew up in a time of plenty will therefore have to radically change how they do…...
mlaBibliography
Bureau, U.S. Census. (2001). An Aging World. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
Economist. (2007, October 25). The Pharmaceutical Industry: Beyond the Pill. Economist, p. n.p.
Economist. (2007). World Atlas. London: Economist.
Herper, M. (2007, October 29). Drug Drought. Forbes, p. n.p.
ibliography
Mouffak, Faycal; Gallarda, Thierry; aup, Nicolas; Olie, Jean-Pierre; and Krebs, Marie-Odile (2007) Gender Identity Disorders and ipolar Disorder Associated With the Ring Y Chromosome. American Journal Psychiatry 164:1122-1123 July 2007. Online available at http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/164/7/1122#R1647CHDJECID
Childhood Gender-Identity Disorder Diagnosis Under Attack (2007) National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality. NARTH. Leadership U. Online available at http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/childhood.html
Osborne, Duncan (2003) Voices - Identity Crisis. OUT magazine. Los Angeles, April 2003. Liberation Publications, Inc. Online available at http://www.antijen.org/Out.html
Hepp U, Kraemer , Schnyder U, Miller N, Delsignore a: Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. J Psychosom Res 2005; 58:259-261
Habermeyer E, Kamps I, Kawohl W: A case of bipolar psychosis and transsexualism. Psychopathology 2003; 36:168-170
Diagnosing and Treating Gender Identity in Women (1997) Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health eJournal. 1997 Online available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/430853_4
Zucker, K.J. (1985) Cross-gender-identified children. Chapter 4 in .W. Steiner (ED.) Gender Dysphoria: Development, Research, Management, New York. Plenum Publishing Corp., 1985.
Davies, N. (2007)…...
mlaBibliography
Mouffak, Faycal; Gallarda, Thierry; Baup, Nicolas; Olie, Jean-Pierre; and Krebs, Marie-Odile (2007) Gender Identity Disorders and Bipolar Disorder Associated With the Ring Y Chromosome. American Journal Psychiatry 164:1122-1123 July 2007. Online available at http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/164/7/1122#R1647CHDJECID
Childhood Gender-Identity Disorder Diagnosis Under Attack (2007) National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality. NARTH. Leadership U. Online available at http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/childhood.html
Osborne, Duncan (2003) Voices - Identity Crisis. OUT magazine. Los Angeles, April 2003. Liberation Publications, Inc. Online available at http://www.antijen.org/Out.html
Hepp U, Kraemer B, Schnyder U, Miller N, Delsignore a: Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. J Psychosom Res 2005; 58:259-261
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication following obstetrics and gynecological surgeries, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Several factors have been identified that can affect the risk of developing SSIs in these patient populations.
One of the key factors affecting SSIs in obstetrics and gynecological postoperative patients is the presence of comorbidities. Patients with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and immunosuppression are at a higher risk of developing SSIs due to impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections (1).
Surgical technique and perioperative practices also play a crucial role in preventing SSIs. Inadequate sterilization of....
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