Hypnosis in Medicine
Proven and Effective: The ontinued use of Hypnosis in Modern Western Medicine

Alternative medical therapy has become an increasingly discussed topic in the medical profession as more and more clinicians and agencies study and build collective works on the issues surrounding preventative and holistic medical care. It has begun to be acknowledged across the field that traditional Western medicine may have been entirely to focused on the technology and mechanisms that govern disease and not as focused as need be on the human needs of the patient.

Through this new emphasis on holistic care doctors, nurses, hospitals and their governing boards have begun to readdress issues of old, issues like the melding of eastern and western traditional therapies, sound therapy, aroma therapy, spiritual therapy and many others. At this what some would call the crossroads of this holistic focus one of the first things that has occurred is that proven…...

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Child psychologists may practice hypnosis, as do selected pediatric nurse practitioners. Hobbie (1989) suggested that the hypnotist make a tape of hypnotic suggestions for the child to use every night at home, so that he can then gradually learn to repeat those same positive suggestions to himself without the use of the tape. (Teets 96)

Cognitive-behavioral-based treatment programs focus on providing patients with skills to enhance their sense of control over the effects of pain. Relaxation training, imagery, biofeedback, and hypnosis can be used to modify attention focus as well as to enhance the sense of mastery. Cognitive techniques are used to help place affective, behavioral, cognitive, and sensory responses under patients' control, the assumption being that long-term behavioral changes are more likely to be maintained when the patient attributes success to his or her efforts (Dolce, 1987). (Block, Kremer and Fernandez 32)

Andrew R. Block, Edwin F. Kremer and Ephrem Fernandez, eds., Handbook of Pain Syndromes: Biopsychosocial Perspectives (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999) 297.

It is caused be the chemical imbalances in the brain and for such illnesses conventional medicines should only be used rather than Hypnosis. The symptoms for schizophrenia include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior and speech (Jeff Gazley). Hypnosis with people diagnosed with schizophrenia can cause severe disruptions and would do more harm than any good.
THE ESEACH

The effectiveness of Hypnosis was explored in the case of the reduction of pain in osteoarthritis. Patients were involved who were experiencing this pain in either the knee of the hip area. The patients were divided into three groups and each group underwent three options. The first group was put through eight standardized sessions of hypnosis whereas the second group was given the same number of sessions of Jacobson relaxation. The third group served to be a control. After the completion of the sessions, it was observed that the group of patients, who had undergone…...

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References

1) History of Hypnosis - Available at   on: 20/09/2005]http://hypnoticworld.com/facts/history_of_hypnosis.asp [Accessed

2) G.M. Johnson - Hypnosis: A Brief History and Explanation. [Online website] Available at   on: 20/09/2005]http://www.head-cleaners.com/hypnosis.htm [Accessed

3) John Sderlund - Your tired, old ideas about hypnosis will begin to grow heavy. [Online website] Available at   on: 20/09/2005]http://www.newtherapist.com/tired10.html [Accessed

4) Methods of Hypnosis - Available at on: 20/09/2005]http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/02086/methods_of_hypnosis.htm[Accessed

Whole belief systems can be transformed with the power of hypnosis, which is why the technique is used for treating addictions and phobias. On the Tonight Show with David Letterman, actor Matt Damon lauded the power of hypnosis to help him stop smoking. Damon noted, "I should have done it years ago. It's amazing - I didn't even want cigarettes any more," (cited on the Hypnosis Network).

No absolute statistics for the effectiveness of hypnosis are possible due to a number of intervening variables that interfere with research validity and reliability. Hypnosis works in part because of the cooperation of the client. The placebo effect is a type of hypnosis: the person tricks his or her body or mind based on the belief that a substance is working. In other words, the placebo effect is hypnosis in action. Hypnosis proves that it does not matter whether or not a pill or…...

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References

Brody, J.E. (2008). The Possibilities in Hypnosis, Where the Patient Has the Power. The New York Times. Nov 3, 2008. Retrieved Nov 11, 2008 at  http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/04/health/04brody.html?ref=science 

Hypnosis Network. (2008). What Do Tiger Woods, Kevin Costner, Matt Damon, and Jackie Kennedy All Have in Common? Retrieved Nov 1, 2008 at  http://www.hypnosisnetwork.com/index.php 

Hypnosis Shown To Reduce Symptoms Of Dementia." (2008). Science Daily. Retrieved Nov 11, 2008 at  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080728111402.htm 

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2008). Hypnosis: Another way to manage pain, kick bad habits. Retrieved Nov 1, 2008 at  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypnosis/SA00084

Niehaus, Joseph. (2000). Investigative Forensic Hypnosis. New York: CRC Press.

178 pgs.

This heavily-researched book by Joseph Niehaus explores a number of areas related to the use of hypnosis in the courtroom. Although hypnosis has come under much dissent in recent years, Niehaus points out that it can serve as a powerful tool when collecting information from witnesses and aids prosecutors by enabling the witness to recall forgotten details. Niehaus also provides a discussion on various applications, suggestibility, ethics, polygraph use and induction techniques.

In addition, Niehaus leads the reader through a step-by-step session and discusses ethics, court requirements and various techniques for successful investigative hypnosis. Despite the fact that Niehaus argues for the use of testimony based on hypnosis, he does divulge some information based on real cases which seems to contradict the use of testimony by a person who underwent hypnosis before the start of a trial.

Pettinati, Helen M., ed. (1998).…...

Hypnosis in Investigation
Before discussing hypnosis in investigation, it is important to understand what the term hypnosis means. American Psychological Association (1994) defines hypnosis as "an interaction between one person, the 'hypnotist', and another person or people, the 'subject' or 'subjects'." In the process the subjects' perceptions, feelings, thinking, and behavior are influenced by the hypnotist, this is done by asking the subject to concentrate on ideas and images that may induce the intended effects. The hypnotist will use 'suggestions' to bring out these effects, the difference between these 'suggestions' and instructions used daily is that the success is measured by a state involuntariness or effortlessness by the subject.

Hypnosis has been applied in various fields including crime investigations, in which case it is referred to as forensic hypnosis. The main aim of forensic hypnosis is to bring into memory of a witness events or details of things that they may have…...

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REFERENCES

American Psychological Association, Division of Psychological Hypnosis. (1994). Definition and description of hypnosis. Contemporary Hypnosis, 11, 143.

Anderton, C.H. (1986). The forensic use of hypnosis. In F.A. De Piano & H.C. Salzberg (Eds.),

Clinical applications of hypnosis (pp. 197-223). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Lynn, S.J. & Sherman, S.J. (2000). The clinical importance of sociocognitive models of hypnosis: Response set theory and Milton Erickson's strategic interventions. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 42, 294 -- 315.

The conclusion of most contemporary psychologists is that hypnotized subjects may believe that their actions under hypnosis are involuntary when, in fact, those subjects who are considered "hypnotizable" generally are responding to their expectations and their desire to validate the hypnotist's expectations too. That also would explain why some people are not hypnotizable at all and why hypnotized people generally will not follow directions that they would consider highly offensive when they are not hypnotized (Pinker, 2002). Therefore, this should not be a concern.
Hypnotic Suggestion for Memory Enhancement, Studying, and Pain elief

Because hypnosis is similar to meditation, it has been used with some success to help people overcome fears and addictive habits (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2008; Pinker, 2002). People who have a strong desire to improve their study habits or their memory can potentially use either traditional meditation or mental visualization techniques to help achieve those goals; hypnotism can…...

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References

Gerrig R, Zimbardo P. (2008). Psychology and Life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Pinker S. (2002). The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. New York:

Penguin.

Scientific research has proven how valuable hypnosis is in relieving the symptoms of mental and physical ailments.
However, the open state of mind that hypnosis creates can be misused and abused. One area in which abuse is possible is in the planting of false memories. False memories are not always directly or deliberately planted. In some cases, the simple suggestion that some event might have occurred is enough for a client to believe that it did take place. Once the idea is formed, the person perceives that thought as a "memory."

Loftus outlines a series of case studies that show that hypnosis has been and still is used to coax "memories" out of people, usually women or children. Unscrupulous psychiatrists or hypnotherapists might plant memories of physical or sexual abuse. False memories can pose serious legal problems for defendants but also for psychiatrists. One woman sued a psychiatrist for planting false…...

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Works Cited

PRO

Durbin, Paul G. "Hypnosis and Religious Faith." Excerpt from Kissing Frogs Practical Uses of Hypnotherapy. 1997. Retrieved 16 Nov 2009 from  http://www.godrules.net/NeuroSemantics_Articals_PaulGDurbin_Hypnosis.html 

Fromm, Erika and Shor, Ronald E. Hypnosis: New Developments in Research and New Perspectives. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine, 1979

"Hypnosis has Real Brain Effect." BBC.com. 16 Nov 2009. Retrieved 16 Nov 2009 from  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8359170.stm

Hypnosis & Drugs
Hypnosis may not always be taken very seriously, but studies have shown that it can be highly effective in some cases (Astin, et al., 2003). That is often because some individuals are more susceptible to the power of suggestion than others (Elkins & ajab, 2004). These people are more easily hypnotized, while others claim they cannot be hypnotized at all. For those who are able to be hypnotized, the power of suggestion can help them overcome addictions to everything from caffeine to heroin (Elkins & ajab, 2004). Marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol addictions have also been successfully treated with hypnosis in some people (Elkins & ajab, 2004). This information can be used in many different settings, but it is important to note that it is not considered mainstream in its usage and it will not be the right choice for every person struggling with addiction to one or more…...

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References

Astin, J.A., Shapiro, S.L., Eisenberg, D.M., & Forys, K.L. (2003). Mind-body medicine: state of the science, implications for practice. Journal of the American Board of Family Practitioners, 16(2): 131 -- 147.

Elkins, G.R. & Rajab, M.H. (2004). Clinical hypnosis for smoking cessation: Preliminary results of a three-session intervention. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 52(1): 73 -- 81.

Hypnosis in Memory Retrieval
In recent years there has been a myriad of books and articles written concerning the use of hypnosis and memory retrieval. Aside from the clinical application of hypnosis in treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, hypnosis has received much news coverage concerning its use in awakening early memories of sexual abuse, and even past life therapy. Moreover, there are numerous books and CDs available teaching self-hypnosis as a means memory improvement and recall as well as a method of self-help or self-therapy. Hypnosis, today, is used in a variety of therapy and research, including criminal investigations. Hypnosis is viewed as viable research and therapy tool.

Hypnosis is said to be a social interaction "in which one person, the subject, responds to suggestions given by another person, the hypnotist, for imaginative experiences involving alterations in perception, memory, and the voluntary control of action" (Memory pg). The responses are generally…...

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Works Cited

Alman, Brain M.; Lambrou, Peter T. Self-Hypnosis: The Complete Manual for Health and Self-Change. Brunner-Mazel Trade. November 1991; pp 5.

Clinical Hypnosis and Self-Regulation: Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives (Dissociation,

Trauma, Memory, and Hypnosis Book Series). American Psychological Association. January 15, 1999; pp 21.

Heller, Steven. Monsters and Magical Sticks or There's No Such Thing As Hypnosis

Life Coaching
ILLUSION OR REALITY?

The Trouble with Hypnosis

What is Real and What Isn't in Hypnosis and Altered States

Hypnosis is that technique, which is believed to bring about a special state of consciousness wherein seemingly miraculous works are done without the use of pain-killers (Harary, 1992). It began with the elemental theory of animal magnetism by Franz Anton Mesmer about two centuries ago. In that long span of time, it was laughed off as a quackery until in recent decades when it was found to be quite useful. It came into widespread clinical use in both medical and psychological purposes, particularly in boring into the unconscious to eliminate buried memories or surviving responses to experience. It has demonstrated usefulness in tackling childbirth pain, wart removal, smoking cessation, weight management and the elimination of phobias (Harary).

For the lack of a standard procedure in its use, it has remained a mysterious approach (Harary, 1992).…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Harary, K (1992). The trouble with hypnosis. Psychology Today: Sussex Publishers.

Retrieved on February 27, 2015 from https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200910/the-trouble-hypnosis

I responded "I owe a lot of money." The hypnotist then followed up with questions designed to determine what I meant and I subsequently revealed that I have concerns about my student loans and that the current economic crisis is the reason that I have begun worrying about this now.
In actuality, my student loans are not so excessive that they should cause me to lose sleep over them, but the recent focus on debt issues and the implications of credit problems in today's economic environment were apparently on my mind subconsciously.

On a conscious level, I was genuinely unaware that this was bothering me. However, as soon as the hypnosis session brought this to my conscious mind, I experienced an immediate sense of relief because it allowed me to address the concern consciously.

Since realizing the source of my stress, I have not experienced further sleeping problems....

People experience trauma, addiction, mental breakdowns every day. Whether it is obsessive behavior, trying to make one's self fit into a model mystique so worshipped by the masses, or even just breaking the cycle of abuse, people time and time again have needed assistance in facing their demons. Hypnotherapy, before commercials and the movies that hyped it turned it into what is perceived as a "faux science," was actually once thought of as a useful form of treatment. "Hypnosis was once a viable treatment approach for addictions. Then, due to hypnosis being used for entertainment purposes many professionals lost confidence in it" (Potter, 2004, pp. 21). It is, to some extent. In fact doctors have found hypnotherapy useful in conjunction with traditional therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. New research suggests that although hypnotherapy may not be a viable singular treatment option, it can help in a host of mental disorders…...

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References

Golabadi,, M., Tabad, H., Yaghoubi, M., & Gholamrezaei, A. (2012). Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Opium Addiction: A Pilot Study. Integrative Medicine, 11(3), 19-22.

Gruzelier, J.H. (2006). Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility. Contemporary Hypnosis, 23(1), 15-32.

Huynh, M.E., Vandvik, I.H., & Diseth, T.H. (2008). Hypnotherapy In Child Psychiatry: The State Of The Art. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 377-393.

Kankaanpe, A., Liukkonen, R., & Ariniemi, K. (2007). Determination of g-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors in blood and urine samples: A salting-out approach. Forensic Science International, 170, 133-138.

Chapter 2:

Review of Related Literature

Chapter Introduction

This chapter provides a review of the literature concerning hypnosis, Eastern Meditation, Chi Kung, and Nei Kung and how these methods are used to treat various ailments and improve physical and mental functioning. A summary of the review concludes the chapter.

Hypnosis

In his study, "Cognitive Hypnotherapy in the Management of Pain," Dowd (2001) reports that, "Several theories have een proposed to account for the effect of hypnosis. State theories assume that the hypnotic trance is qualitatively different from all other human experiences. From this perspective, trance capacity is supposedly a fairly stale trait that exhiits sustantial individual differences. Nonstate theories, often referred to as social learning, social psychological or cognitive-ehavioral theories of hypnosis propose that hypnotic phenomena are related to social and psychological characteristics such as hope, motivation, expectancy, elief in the therapist, desire to please the therapist, a positive initial trance experience, and the definition…...

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bibliography. (2010).   / pages/7857/Meditation-Eastern.html.http://science.jrank.org 

Many religious traditions have practices that could possibly be labeled meditation. In Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, these practices are usually associated with prayer, contemplation, or recitation of sacred texts. In the religious traditions of the Native Americans, Australian aboriginals, Siberian peoples, and many others, what could be identified as meditation techniques are incorporated within the larger rubric of shamanism. It is, however, in the religions of Asia that meditation has been most developed as a religious method.

Meditation has played an important role in the ancient yogic traditions of Hinduism and also in more recent Hindu-based new religious movements such as Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation program. But it is most especially in the monastic or "elite" forms of the various traditions of Buddhism (Theravada, Tibetan/Vajrayana, and Ch'an/Zen) that meditation techniques have taken center stage and have been developed to the highest degree of sophistication and complexity.

Short-Term Effects of Meditation vs. Relaxation on Cognitive Functioning. Contributors: Gillian King - author, Jeffrey Coney - author. Journal Title: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. Volume: 38. Issue: 2. Publication Year: 2006. Page Number: 200+.

Authors cite the lack of relevant studies concerning the effect, if any, of meditation on short-term improvements in cognitive performance. The results of this study clearly showed that meditation, per se, does not produce a short-term improvement in cognitive performance compared to other relaxation techniques.

There are also physiological data indicating that people really do experience hypnotic suggestions. ecent brain-imagining studies show that when hallucinations or pain inhibition is suggested, brain activity can be observed that is consistent with the suggested experiences (Kirsh, 2001)."

Alternate consciousness states also provide humans with the ability to numb themselves to pain and stress. Whether it is the use of drugs, drinking in excess or learning to meditate each morning, the ability to alter one's state of consciousness can allow at least a temporary relief of life stress symptoms.

There have been more than 1.000 peer reviewed journal articles published with regard to altered states of consciousness with meditation and its impact on stress. The research indicates that the altered state has a positive effect on people's stress levels, which allows them to function in a more efficient manner (Mind, 2006).

Conclusion

Altered states of consciousness have attracted humans for many years. They…...

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References

Kirsch, Irving (2001) the altered states of hypnosis. Social Research

____(2006) Meditation -- the relaxation remedy: research suggests meditation can help ease stress, improve health and well-being, and even boost brain activity.

Mind, Mood & Memory

personalized induction is effective.In order to discuss the effectiveness of personalizing a given induction, it is crucial that we first of all explore as well as defined the concept of personal induction. After that has been done, we then proceed with the analysis of the concepts that are part of the process. The rest of this work deals with the arguments in favor of the concept of personalized inductions as well as the ones against it prior to the drawing of a conclusion.
Every human being is unique and complex in different ways. Each and everyone have their likes and dislikes and we own these to our entirely different upbringings. This view was shared by various world leaders such as Pope John Paul II when he pointed out that every human being is single, unique as well as unrepeatable (Chang,2006).

Personalization of screed means to effectively tailor it so that it…...

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References

Banyan, C.D., & G.F. Kein (2001). Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: Basic To Advanced Techniques for the Professional. St. Paul, MN: Abbot Publishing House

Bandler, R, and Grinder, J (1975). The Structure of Magic. Volume 1. Palo Alto, Cal-if., Science and Behavior Books,

Brockopp, DY (1983).What Is NLP -- the American Journal of Nursing, Vol 83 (7) .pp. 1012-1014

Dementia Care Australia (2011). Understanding & Communicating