human mind is not essentially a blank slate at birth, we can relate it to being much like a computer that has not yet been programmed (Pinker, 2001). While there is a potential "preparedness" for the young child to develop a number of skills based on genetic influences (e.g., language acquisition), these skills will not fulfill their genetic potential without important environmental stimulation. While the nature vs. nurture debate still lives in some circles, research has demonstrated that it is the interaction of the environment and genetic influences that results in a good deal of human behavior (Siegler, DeLoache, & Eisenberg, 2006). Therefore, if the neonate mind is like a computer with certain capacities and potentials (genetic and biologic "hardware"), we can also infer that the environment provides a good deal of the psychological "software" that shapes the individual during early in life. Exposure to many of these programs…...

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References

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. London: Routledge.

Benoit, D. & Parker, K.C.H. (1994). Stability and transmission of attachment across three generations. Child Development, 65(5), 1444 -- 1456.

Brehony, K. (2000). Montessori, individual work and individuality in the elementary school classroom. History of Education, 29(2), 115-128.

Dennet, D. (1998). Consciousness Explained. New York: Little Brown & Co.

human mind is presented with a problem, several processes may come into play depending on the difficulty and the nature of the problem (mrscook, 2012). The four main cognitive functions defined by Jung are sensing, intuition, thinking, and feeling (mrscook, 2012). Some or all of these processes may be used in the human being problem solving process (Heylighen, 1988). These cognitive processes are utilized singly or in combination with one another to first form a problem representation and then work through the problem solving process (Zang and Dosher, 2007). The problem representation is essentially an internal or external model of the problem (Zang and Dosher, 2007). If the problem representation is incorrect, it can lead to difficulty reaching a solution.
The cognitive process of sensing is used when an individual uses any or all of the five senses to gather information about an existing situation (mrscook, 2012). This focus is…...

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Reference

Heylighen F. (1988): Formulating the Problem of Problem-Formulation. Cybernetics and Systems '88, (949-957).

Retrieved December 6, 2012 from website: http://pespmcl.vub.ac.be/Papers/Problem-Formulation.html

Lu, Z. And Dosher, B. (2007). Cognitive Psychology. Retrieved December 6, 2012 from Scholarpedia website: www.scholarpedia.org/article/cognitive_psychology

mrscook (2012, Nov. 23). Jung and the Z. Problem Solving Model. Retrieved December 6, 2012

Minds and Macines
What the Human Mind Can Do That the Computer Can't

Argument Summary

Morton Hunt argues that although there are many things that a computer can do, however the abilities of a computer will never be able to replicate many of the defining characteristics of consciousness. Much of that which remains not yet replicable by artificial intelligence are the same kinds of stuff that the artificial intelligence will never feasibly be able to achieve. An example would be that of self-awareness. Cognitive science offers a developing model of consciousness which includes being able to internalize the real world in our minds in symbolic form. That is, we perceive not only the real world, but also our interpretation of this perception, which are both reconciled into something we consider to be consciousness or human ability to be self-aware of their own place within this process.

Another aspect of humanity that will be hard…...

Diverse Nature of Psychology
The human mind is an incredibly complex tool. How it actually thinks and behaves is not always based on a single example, and thus there are clear elements of diversity within theoretical assumptions on how the mind works. Diversity is a crucial element to modern psychology and its various sub-categories. Modern psychology is heavily influenced by the extreme diversity found within its core concepts. There are a vast number of major concepts and sub-examples that differ enormously from one another and take their influence from other genres of study and the various findings of specific empirical research conclusions. Officially, there are four core "specialties," including clinical, counseling, school, and industrial / organizational psychology, although even these general topics are further diversified into more specific areas that highlight different findings and assumptions about man's position within modern society (Landrum 2010 p 13).

Therefore, there is great diversity within major…...

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References

Maslow, Abraham. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(40), 370-396. Web. http://emotionalliteracyeducation.com/abraham-maslow-theory-human-motivation.shtml

Landrum, R.E. & Davis, S.F. (2010). The psychology major: Career options and strategies for success (4th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Lighting Techniques in Art
The human mind is only capable of sight by means of taking light through the eye and interpreting that within the brain. Although people did not fully understand the scientific properties of light until relatively recently, artists throughout time have had the particular challenge of creating an illusion of the existence of light within an art piece. Human sight has an incredible range, feeding the mind images of the surrounding world from near complete darkness to the brightest of sunlight conditions. It is through this range that the world becomes reality, and it is therefore the place of art to attempt to capture this range of light. However, traditional pigments have a very limited range, and therefore the artist must find ways to make the available colors combine to create an illusion that may be interpreted by the viewer as similar to reality. The lighting techniques of…...

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Bibliography

Douma, Michael. "Vision Science and the Emergence of Modern Art." Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement.  http://webexhibits.org/colorart/ 

Hartt, Frederick. 1976. Art: A History of Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.

Hildesheim. "History of Painting and Sculpture." Quick Reference. http://www.hildesheim.co.uk/quickreference/art/painting.html

Exceptional Cognitive Abilities Among the most extraordinary individuals diagnosed with autism is Dr. Temple Grandin, who, despite her mental health condition, has earned a doctoral degree in the field of animal science, and is a Colorado State University professor and successful entrepreneur. Dr. Grandin, diagnosed with the disorder in the year 1950, features among the foremost autistic individuals to openly share her autism-connected experiences. This amazing individual is also an inventor: She came up with a \\"hug box\\" geared at calming fellow autism-diagnosed persons (Grandin, 2004). Grandin did not speak until the age of 3.5 years; her only way of interacting with those around her and expressing the exasperation she felt was through humming, peeping and screaming.
Around 50% of North American cattle are managed using Dr. Grandin’s ingenious center track restrainer system. This scientist’s curved race and chute systems are employed all over the world, while her flight zone-related research and…...

Minds and Computers
Dennett explains that what a person believes must be based at least in part on something which they can ascribe to be true based on evidence that they possess. It is impossible to believe something based on nothing; even religions have certain basic facts such as the existence of known locations or even the fact that human beings exist is a fact in and of itself. hen there is information gathered which then produces a belief, the person or machine will come to desire a potential outcome based on the information acquired; the mind forms a prediction which we either anticipate positively or negatively. Subconsciously, that prediction, at least according to this perspective, will likely be what we hope to occur rather than what the logic of the situation tells us is more probable. This desire will be based upon what we consider to be a rational extension…...

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Works Cited

Churchland, P.M. (1999). Matter and Consciousness: a Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind. Bradford: Cambridge, MA.

Dennett, D.C. (1971). Intentional Systems. The Journal of Philosophy. 68(4). 87-106. Retrieved

from Jstor.

Mind and Body
A review of the required literature, Robert Thurman's "isdom" (Thurman), Karen Armstrong's "Homo Religiousus" (Armstrong), and Oliver Sacks' "The Mind's Eye: hat the Blind See" (Sacks), gives significant insights into how the mind and body must work together to create our lived experience. Though the three authors may initially appear to discuss somewhat different topics, they have vital commonalities. The readings will lead the thoughtful reader to a three-pronged thesis: that mind/body coaction ideally involves knowledge of the genuine "self"; that there is a common experience of "self-delusion"; and that "universality" is of ultimate importance. The "self" is approached uniquely by each author. Thurman's is a Buddhist perspective explores the different concepts of "self" from self-ish to the self-less ideal. hile Thurman does not speak specifically about mind/body interaction, his deference to the power of the mind is clear. Armstrong also speaks of the self's importance, though she…...

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Works Cited

Armstrong, Karen. "Homo Religiousus." Miller, Richard E. The New Humanities Reader, 4th ed. Boston: Wadsworth Publishing, 2011. 22-38. Print.

Sacks, Oliver. "The Mind's Eye: What the Blind See." Miller, Richard E. And Kurt Spellmeyer. The New Humanities Reader, 4th ed. Boston: Wadsworth Publishing, 2011. 303-317. Print.

Thurman, Robert. "Wisdom." Miller, Richard E. And Kurt Spellmeyer. The New Humanities Reader, 4th ed. Boston: Wadsworth Publishing, 2011. 460-473. Print.

The implications of Spinoza's thinking in light of Descartes' assertions of the mind-body split ultimately come to nothing. If the real distinction between the mind and body exists as Descartes insists it does, then the object of the idea constituting the human mind cannot be the body except through a mistake made in the mind (or in the body) and its thinking process. That is, it is through a misconception of the mind that confuses perception with rational understanding that such a conclusion would be drawn, in Descartes' own experience. Pushing Spinoza's logic to its limits reveals the rectitude of Descartes' own assessment of the real distinction between the thinking mind and the unthinking body. If all thought and experience comes through the body as Spinoza insists, and thus the concept of the mind is truly an understanding of the body, then how can the body come to know itself?…...

As a result, each substance can have multiple attributes. In fact, an entity with an infinite essence will, by definition, have infinite attributes.
Spinoza builds upon the idea of an infinite God by going further and stating that absolutely infinite substance is indivisible. This is because, if it were divisible, and if each part would retain the nature of the infinite substance, which would result in there being more than one substance of the same nature, which Spinoza has already demonstrated is impossible. Moreover, if this substance were divisible in a way that meant that each part did not retain the nature of infinite substance that would result in the absolutely infinite substance ceasing to be. Because that is impossible, Spinoza comes to the conclusion that there can be no other substance but God.

If there can be no other substance but God, then extension and thought, if they exist, are…...

Mind, Freedom and Knowledge
Descartes argued that that all humans had both a body and mind, and that the mind was eternal while the body was subject to physical and material laws. The universe was divided between the mind and matter, and the physical world could be explained by mathematical and scientific laws. Hobbes, Locke and other political and philosophical theorists of the 17th Century were also influenced by the new scientific thought of Descartes, Galileo and William Harvey to one degree or another, and had to incorporate them into philosophy (Ryle, p. 251). Ryle denied that any "ghost in the machine" existed, of that the immortal soul somehow operated the physical body. He admitted that explaining the link between bodies and minds was very difficult, although behaviorists had come to understand that expressions indicate moods and emotions, while vision, hearing and motion are all based on sensory inputs being received…...

Consequently, physicalism or materialism is seen by some as a form of reductionism of the potential of human mind and consciousness. It is therefore a point-of-view that should be questioned in terms of the modern exploration of the complexity of human consciousness.

eferences

A Case for Physicalism about the Human Mind (the Great Debate). etrieved from http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/andrew_melnyk/physicalism.html

Jackson. F. (1986): 'What Mary Didn't Know'. Journal of Philosophy, 83.

Knowledge Argument Against Physicalism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy].

etrieved from http://www.iep.utm.edu/know-arg/

Mandik, P. ( 2004). Physicalism. etrieved from http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/physicalism.html

Moral Theology. etrieved from http://www.arthurstreet.com/moraltheology.html

Nagasawa, Y. The Knowledge Argument Against Dualism. Australian National

University. etrieved from http://www.yujinnagasawa.com/resources/dualism.pdf

Pratt, B. ( 2012). What is Physicalism? etrieved from http://www.toughquestionsanswered.org/2012/03/16/what-is-physicalism/

Qualia: The Knowledge Argument. ( 2002). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

etrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia-knowledge/

Sperring P. ( 2004). Should We Give Up on eductive Physicalism? ichmond Journal

of Philosophy, 8 (Winter 2004). etrieved from http://www.richmond-philosophy.net/rjp/back_issues/rjp8_sperring.pdf...

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References

A Case for Physicalism about the Human Mind (the Great Debate). Retrieved from  http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/andrew_melnyk/physicalism.html 

Jackson. F. (1986): 'What Mary Didn't Know'. Journal of Philosophy, 83.

Knowledge Argument Against Physicalism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy].

Retrieved from http://www.iep.utm.edu/know-arg/

Human interactions with nonhuman animals should be guided solely by the impact of these interactions with other human beings, and not upon any perceived impact upon nonhuman animals themselves. This argument is based largely upon Descartes' understanding of the essential difference between humans and nonhuman animals. Descartes' argues that the body is external to the mind, and that non-human animals do not possess the pure, thinking mind of humans. Thus, Descartes argues that nonhuman animals are simply machines, and that human treatment of animals should only be guided by the impact of such interaction upon other humans. In contrast, thinkers like Anthony eston have argued that similarity of human and animal perception and experience means that human should treat animals as feeling beings. Similarly, Abram argues that the human connection with the natural world should govern our interaction with animals. Descartes' arguments for the uniqueness of human thought essentially counter…...

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Works Cited

Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-Than-Human

World. Vintage, 1997.

Descartes, Rene. Animals are Machines. In Environmental Ethics: Divergence and Convergence, eds S.J. Armstrong and R.G. Botzler, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993,

281-285.

Human Factors in Aviation
rief Historical ackground

The Airline Industry has a history that dates back to 1903 when the Wright brothers made their first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Initially the public did not take the idea of the airplane travel favorably. ut this event marked the beginning of the Airline Industry as more and more inputs were given by people such as Charles Lindbergh who successfully completed a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 and created massive interest in flying with the general public.

The concern for human factor involvement in aviation started as soon as the interest of general public was roused in it. The initial concern was for the safety of people daring to fly the aircraft as accidents were reported due to a flaw in the design or working of the plane. A pilot task was to juggle with the complexity of design of…...

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Bibliography

Daniel J. Garland, V. David Hopkins, John A. Wise. (1999). Handbook of Aviation Human Factors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Clint A. Bowers, C. Shawn Burke, Eduardo Salas, Katherine A. Wilson. (2001) Team Training in the Skies: Does Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training Work?, Vol. 43

Clint A. Bowers, Janis A. Cannon-Bowers, Randall L. Oser, Carolyn Prince, Eduardo Salas, Renee J. Stout. (1999) A Methodology for Enhancing Crew Resource Management Training, Vol. 41

Airlines in the industry. (N.d.) Retrieved on Sep 30, 2005 from:

Human Resources - Critically appraise the historical development and future direction of Human Resource Management in the Hospitality Industry
Personnel Management & Human Resource Management

Links of Corporate Strategy and Human Resource Management -- An Analysis

Image-Hospitality Industry

Organizational ehavior

Trends in Hospitality Management

Human Resourcing strategies in Hospitality Industry

Personnel Management & Human Resource Management

The practices of people management have received additional importance due to the present emphasis on the renewed interest in human resources. Traditionally, there has always been a dividing line between operational managers and personnel managers who are now called human resource managers. In the United States the function of personnel management has been a recognized function since the National Cash Register Company had opened their personnel office in the 1890s. The American personnel managers have always closely identified themselves with the objectives of the organization and this may be considered as a unitary tradition. With this tradition, it was natural that Human…...

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Bibliography

Rowland, K. And Summers, S. (1981). Human resource planning: A second look. Personnel Administrator, December, 73-80.

Lorange, P. And Murphy, D.C. (1984). Bring human resources into strategic planning: Systems design considerations. In: Fombrun, C., Tichy, N. And Devanna, M. (eds.), Strategic human resource management. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 275-296

Nkomo, S.M. (1984). Prescription vs. practice: the state of human resource planning in large U.S. organizations. Paper presented at the Southern Management Association meeting, 14-17, November, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Golden, K.A. And Ramanujam, V. (1985). Between a dream and a nightmare: On the integration of the human resource management and strategic business planning processes. Human Resource Management, vol. 24, no. 4, 429-452.

Delving into the Macabre: Edgar Allan Poe and the Evolution of Literary Horror

Edgar Allan Poe, the master of the macabre, has left an indomitable mark on the literary horror genre. His chilling tales have shaped our perception of horror and continue to inspire contemporary writers. Delving into Poe's works offers a profound understanding of the genre's evolution and its enduring impact on the human psyche.

The Seeds of Gothic Horror

Poe's literary ancestors were the Gothic novelists, such as Horace Walpole and Ann Radcliffe. Gothic literature reveled in themes of darkness, mystery, and the supernatural, creating an atmosphere of suspense and unease.....

Stephen King's Distinctive Writing Style

Stephen King, known as the "Master of Horror," has captivated readers worldwide with his evocative prose and chilling tales. His distinctive writing style has become a hallmark of the horror genre, captivating audiences with its vivid imagery, relatable characters, and exploration of the darker recesses of the human mind.

1. Compelling Narrative and Suspense:

King's writing captivates readers with its gripping storylines and masterful pacing. He deftly builds tension, creating an atmosphere of unease and anticipation that keeps readers on the edge of their seats. His ability to create a sense of suspense and dread is unparalleled, drawing....

The Polygraph: A Contentious Tool in the Pursuit of Truth

In the realm of criminal investigations and pre-employment screenings, the polygraph, also known as a lie detector test, has long been a subject of intense debate. Proponents of this technology assert its efficacy in uncovering deception, while detractors question its reliability and accuracy. This essay delves into the multifaceted nature of the polygraph, exploring its historical origins, the scientific basis of its operation, and the controversies surrounding its use.

Historical Context and Scientific Basis

The concept of detecting deception through physiological responses traces its roots back to the 19th century. In 1895, the....

My Passion for Counseling: A Journey of Meaning and Connection
My passion for counseling stems from a deep-seated desire to make a meaningful contribution to the lives of others and foster their well-being. This aspiration has been ignited by a combination of personal experiences, profound insights, and a unwavering commitment to empowerment.
Personal Experiences as a Catalyst
Growing up, I witnessed firsthand the transformative impact that counseling can have on individuals and families. My own struggles with anxiety and self-esteem led me to seek the guidance of a therapist, who provided me with a safe and supportive space to explore my challenges and....